In recent years, remote ischemic preconditioning is found as a novel way to protect the brain, which may be achieved through nerve pathways, humoral factors or nerve-humoral interaction. The molecular mechanisms for the protection might be related to mitochondria ATP-sensitive potassium channel, mitogen-activated protection kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, including nitric oxide synthase and cannabinoid receptors. The aim of this review is to explain the mechanism of action of remote ischemic preconditioning on brain protection, as well as the possible direction of clinical application.

Objective To study a method for determination of aluminum in food,and to ensure food safety and public health.Methods Microwave digestion-chrome azurol S spectrophotometric method was used to detect the aluminum content in fried dough sticks.Detection limit,linear range,precision,accuracy and maximum absorption wavelength were calculated.Results The method detection limit was 0.08 μg,precision was 0.60％-5.90％,and recovery rate was 96.0％-102.3％,maximum absorption wavelengnth was 620 mm.Aluminum content in 10 samples of fried dough sticks were all exceeded the standard,which were 709.5,980.8,1 010.3,1 151.5,1 214.0,1 243.7,1 318.1,1 374.0,1 435.0 and 1 479.4 mg/kg.Conclusion The method is simple,reliable,reproducible and easy to be used.

Objective To develop the improved monitoring and evaluation system of adverse drug reaction during infusion in clinic and emergency department,and investigate the effect of this system.Methods To develop monitoring and evaluation system of adverse drug reaction,which was consistent with the medical safety (adverse) event reporting,and running it.The system consisted of organizational structure,knowledge training,event reporting and processing,data analysis,quality control and continuous improvement.We collected the observed indicators of the cases of adverse drug reaction,quality and network reporting time pass rate,which were compared with those of the conventional system.Results One year during the improved system running,the cases of adverse drug reaction in clinic and emergency department infusion was reduced,the quality of reporting and handling significantly improved,network report pass rate increased.Conclusions Improved monitoring and evaluation system of adverse drug reactions has some significance in safety management of clinic and emergency department infusion,which is worthy of promotion in clinical work applications.

Objective To observe the MVD and integrin αvβ3 mRNA expression changes in tumor -bearing rats by using endostar combined with radiotherapy ,and to explore the potential synergy mechanism .Meth-ods We randomly divided the tumor -bearing rats into four groups:control group(NC),endostar group(ES), radiation treatment group ( RT) and endostar combined radiotherapy group ( ES +RT) .Tumor inhibition rate was calculated every other day .Microvessel density and αvβ3mRNA were texted by immunohistochemical or real time PCR in each group.Results (1)ES+RT group showed the most obvious inhibition rate;(2)Compared with NC group,microvessel density of RT was increased ,but decreased in ES group and ES +RT group significantly ( P<0.05);(3)Compared with NC group,αvβ3 mRNA expression of RT group was increased,while decreased in ES group and ES+RT group,and ES +RT group displayed a greater decrease when compared to ES group ( P<0.05).Conclusion Endostar combined radiotherapy can inhibit the growth of cancer and the expression ofαvβ3mRNA,improve the disorders of tumor vascular network .It may be one of the mechanisms of increasing radi-osensitization.

Objective To investigate the expression levels of TAK1 and p38 genes among different subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients,and to analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with different expression levels of TAK1 and p38 genes.Methods GAPDH was made as an internal reference,14 healthy people as control group.The quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of TAK1 and p38 in bone marrow samples of 87 AML patients,and the results were analyzed statistically.Results The expression levels of TAK1 and p38 in experiment group were higher than those in control group (0.194± 0.125 vs 0.015±0.008,0.233±0.140 vs 0.010±0.005,P ＜ 0.001).TAK1 expression in M4 was higher than that in M2,M3 and M5 (P =0.005,0.000,0.002),TAK1 expression in M3 was lower than that in M2 (P =0.022).p38 expression in M4 was higher than that in M1,M2,M3 and M5 (P =0.013,0.035,0.000,0.045),as it was higher in M2 and M5 than that in M3 (P =0.001,0.012).The CD56 positive rate cells and the number of peripheral blood leukocytes of the TAK1 high expression group were higher than those of the TAK1 low expression group,the CD19 positive rate of the p38 low expression group was higher than that of the p38 high expression group.Conclusion The expression levels of TAK1 and p38 genes are elevated in AML patients,and the up-regulation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AML.

Objective:To evaluate the sealing ability of the 3.0th generation of polyamidoamine dendrimer(3.0 PAMAM)on hu-man dentinal tubules.Methods:1 6 extracted premolars were cut into 2 mm thick dentin slices to establish sensitive dentin model in vitro.Then 2 samples without any treatment were selected randomly into demineralized dentin group,and the remain 1 4 dentine pills were divided into 2 groups by the random number table(n=7).Samples in the experimental group were treated with 3.0 PAMAM, those in the control group were treated with deionized water.After having immersed in the artificial saliva for 2 and 4 weeks respec-tively,the dentin slices were examined by scanning electron microscope(SEM)and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). Results:SEM showed that the minerals on the surfaces of the dentine disks in experimental group were formed gradually with the time,the dentinal tubules were blocked 4 weeks after treatment.The minerals on the sample surface in control group were less and the dentinal tubules remained open.EDS results showed that Ca/P(1 .49 ±0.1 6)of mineral deposition in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (1 .1 8 ±0.20)(P<0.05).Conclusion:The 3.0th generation of PAMAMhas the occlu-ding ability by inducing remineralization on the dentine surface and it may be used in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.

Objective To analyse and monitor the genetic quality of closed colony NIH mice in Beijing district for the last 3 years.Methods We use biochemical genetic markers( including alkaline phosphatase -1 and the like 14 biochemical markers), selecting A and B colonies from different facilities for genetic monitoring in 2011 to study the polymorphism.And in 2014, 30 NIH mice just from B colony were monitored using the same testing and sampling methods.Results In 2011,NIH mice form both A and B facilities existed 6 polymorphic biochemical markers(Ce2,Car2, Gpi1,Es10,Gpd1,Pgm1); and NIH mice of B company also existed polymorphism in Es3 loucs.Between the 2 NIH mice colonies, there were significant difference in Es3、Gpd1、Pgm1 loci (P <0.01), and difference in Car2 locus(P <0.05).FST of the 2 colonies was 0.0406, the genetic identity was 0.9619, and the genetic distance was 0.0388.In B company, NIH mice of 2014 appeared 2 homozygous loci(Ce2 and Gpd1) when compared with NIH mice of 2011.Between the 2 NIH mice colonies, there were significant difference in Es10 and Gpd1 loci (P <0.01), and difference in Pgm1 locus(P <0.05).Fst of the 2 colonies was 0.1103, the genetic identity was 0.8847, and the Genetic distance was 0.1266.Conclusions Population isolation, breeding and selection, populationpopulation quantityquantity and generation significantly affected the genetic architecture of NIH mice.So when breeding and reserving seeds, we should strengthen the genetic monitoring of outbred NIH mice, in order to offer reliable genetic quality protection.

Objective To analyze the population genetics of two outbred colony guinea pigs from two institutions and provide basical information in developing genetic detection methods and standardization of the outbred guinea pigs.Methods 25 polymorphic microsatellite markers were screened by a fluorescent based semi-automated genotyping method for the two populations of guinea pigs, and the population genetic parameters were calculated.Results A total of 121 alleles were detected in the two populations, with 2-10 alleles and a mean 4.84 alleles at each locus.The mean expected heterozygosity was 0.6067, and the average polymorphism information content was 0.552.In the two populations, 103 and 116 alleles were detected, the mean expected heterozygosity was 0.5195 and 0.5838, and mean polymorphism information content was 0.459 and 0.518, respectively.Five loci and six loci, respectively, showed significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.05) in the two populations, mostly resulted from heterozygote deficiency.The average Fst of all loci was 0.1056, which implied a moderate genetic differentiation between populations.The Nei’ (1972) genetic distance and Nei ‘(1978) unbiased genetic distance between the two populations were 0.3302 and 0.3204, respectively.Conclusions Both the two populations are consistent with a closed group of animal population genetic characteristics.Several loci deviate from HWE, which probably indicates that a certain degree of inbreeding phenomenon exists during the breeding process.

Objective:To study the effects of smokeless tobacco extract(ST)on the proliferation and the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)expression of human periodontal ligament cells(hPDLCs).Methods:hPDLCs were cultured in vitro and identified by im-munohistochemistry(IHC).The cells were stimulated with ST at 0.01 6 -50 g/L respectively for 24 h,the proliferation was examine by MTT assay,HSP70 expression was detected by immunehistochemical staining and Western Blot.Results:ST inhibited the prolifer-ation and increased HSP70 expression in cytoplasm and nucleus at 0.4 -50 g/L dose dependantly.Conclusion:ST may inhibit the proliferation and increase HSP70 expression of hPDLCs in a dose depandant manner.

Objective:To investigate the effect of O-6-methylguananine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene promoter methylation status on the treatment and prognosis of elderly patients newly-diagnosed with glioblastoma (GBM).Methods:Clinical data of 65 newly-diagnosed GBM patients admitted to Tianjin Huanhu Hospital from January 2012 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received intensity-modulated radiotherapy after surgery and 49 patients received temozolomide (TMZ) monotherapy. All patients were divided into the MGMT(+ ) group and MGMT(-) group according to the methylation status of MGMT promoter. Kaplan- Meier method and log-rank test were used for univariate survival analysis, and Cox regression model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis. Results:The median overall survival (OS) for all patients was 18.0 months. The median OS was 27.0 months and 15.3 months in the MGMT(+ ) group and MGMT(-) group, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that tumor number, MGMT promoter methylation, postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy were significantly related to clinical prognosis ( P=0.029, P=0.001 and P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, tumor number and postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy were identified as significant prognostic factors for OS ( P=0.037, P=0.004). In the MGMT(+ ) group, the median OS was 27.0 months for patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy and 12.0 months for radiotherapy alone ( P=0.040). In the MGMT(-) group, the median OS was 17.0 months for concurrent chemoradiotherapy patients and 10.0 months for radiotherapy alone ( P=0.122). Conclusions:MGMT promoter methylation status is significantly associated with longer OS in elderly GBM patients. Conventional fractional radiotherapy combined with concurrent and sequential TMZ chemotherapy probably yields better survival benefits.