Objective To study the relationship between GAT-1 and neuron injury in focal cerebral ischemia/infusion model.Methods Focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion models were established in rats by thread embolic, then the brain tissues were taken at 3 h, 6 h,12 h, 24 h and 3 d after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.The number of GAT-1 positive neurons were calculated and the average optical density were detected by immunohistochemical technique in different time points after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, compared with the normal group and the sham operated group.Results The expression of GAT-1 was up-regulation obviously at 3 h after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion( P

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the use situation and trend of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular drugs during 2007～2009 in a military sanatorium, and provide reference for the rational use of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular drugs and its essential medicines. METHODS: Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular drugs in the rehabilitation center during 2007～2009 were analyzed statistically in the respect of category, consumption sum and DDDs. RESULTS: The consumption sum and DDDs of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular drugs were increasing in the past three years. And its essential drugs account for 94.8%.The most widely used drugs were cerebrovascular drug, brain metabolism drug, nootropics and antihypertensive drugs. Oxiracetam and Xueshuantong were widely used cerebrovascular drug, brain metabolism drug and nootropics. Amlodipine were widely used antihypertensive drugs in the clinic. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular drugs and its essential drugs were characterized with complex classification, numerous categories, extensive application and potential market demand, which require rational use of drug should be strengthened.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the utilization of different dosage forms of essential drugs in the clinical practice in our sanatorium and the tendency of drug use of patients.METHODS:The utilization of essential drug in our sanatorium were analyzed statistically in respect of drug category,constitution ratio of drug use.A questionnaire survey was carried out to survey the tendency of drug use of patients.RESULTS:Tablet was the most common dosage form in the clinic.Antibiotics and drugs for clinical therapy had complete dosage forms.The common dosage forms used patients were tablets and capsule,etc.CONCLUSIONS:Patients of our sanatorium select drugs tendentiously.The tendentious selection of drug is no difference in each age group.

0.05).Again,compared with NG group,the protein expression of PKC? in HUVECs was up-regulated,the cytosol/nuclei ratio of PKC? was decreased,cell cycle was blocked in G0/G1 phase,the apoptosis increased significantly,and the protein content of p-FOXO1(S256) and P27kip1 increased(P

Objective To investigate the roles of protein kinase C(PKC)β_2 and PPARα in the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1)in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)exposed to high glucose,and to explore their relationship.Methods The HUVECs were divided into eight groups:normal glucose(NG,5 mmoL/L D-glucose)group,high glucose(HG,25 mmol/L D-ucose)group,osmotic control(L,NG+20 mmol/L L-glucose)group,normal glucose transfected with empty vector(NN,NG+AdS-null)group,high glucose transfected with PKCβ_2(HB,HG+Ad5-PKCβ_2)group,high glucose plus fenofibrate(HF,HG+40 μmol/L fenofibrate)group,and HB plus fenofibrate (HBF,HB+40μmol/L fenofibrate)group.HUVECs were incubated with fenofibrate for 20 minutes as HF20 group.All cells in various groups were cultured for 6 days.The expressions of VEGF and VCAM-1 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR.PPARα protein expression was tested by Western blot.The expression and traaslocation of PKCβ_2 protein were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopo.Results (1)HG increased VEGF and VCAM-1 mRNA expressions,with 1.91 and 1.56 folds of NG group,respectively(both P<0.05).VEGF and VCAM-1 mRNA expressions in HB group further increased,with 2.59 and 2.07 folds of NG group,respectively(both P<0.05).Fenofibrate significantly decreased VEGF and VCAM-1 mRNA expressions,with 68%and 74%of HG group,respectively(both P<0.05).There were no significant difierences in the expressiong of VEGF,VCAM-1 mRNA between HF20 and HG groups.(2)The protein expression of PPARα decreased by 20%in HG group compared with NG group,and further decreased in HB group,being 78%of HG group.Compared with HG group,PPARαexpression increased by 13%in HF group(P<0.05).(3)HG induced PKCβ_2 translocation from cytosol to nucleus and quantitative analysis showed the ratio of plasma/nuclear fluorescence intensity in HG group decreased by 37% compared with NG group(P<0.05).The PKCβ_2 translocation was more obvious in HB group than in HG group.Conclusion Hiigll glucose stimulates VEGF and VCAM-1 mRNA expressions in HUVECs via PKCβ_2 activationdependent PPARα pathway.

Objective To investigate the expression of XIAP, Smac, HtrA2 and XAF1 in the hippocampus following SE in rats and to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms of expression of XIAP and its negative regulators after SE. Methods The lithium-pilocapine model of status epilepticus was established in SD rat. XIAP, Smac, HtrA2, XAF1 and activated caspase-3 protein were examined using immunohistochemistry. Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of XIAP, Smac, HtrA2 and activated easpase-3. Results XIAP immunoreactivity diffusely distributed within the neuron after SE. Compared with the control group, the expression of CA3 XIAP protein in the SE group was increased gradually since 2 hours (0.5503±0.0172 vs 0.1507±0.0165, t=115.87, P<0.01), peaking at 8 hours (0.6221±0.0238 vs 0.1507±0.0165, t=136.69, P<0.01). The expression of CA3 Smac, HtrA2, XAF1 and activated caspase-3 protein were increased generally following SE. Western blot analysis showed a significant increase in Stoat, HtrA2, activated caspase-3 protein levels from 2 to 72 hours following SE, but no significant differences were seen in XIAP protein levels between the control group and the SE group. Conclusions The XIAP, Smac, HtrA2 and XAF1 are involved in the regulation of neuronal apoptosis and implicated in pathophysiological mechanisms of neuronal damage after SE.

To enhance the production of ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) by improving dissolved oxygen level of the fermentation system, different oxygen-vectors were added to broth and n-dodecane was screened as the best oxygen-vector. The best amount of n-dodecane was 0.5% (V/V) and the best time was at start of the fermentation. In a fed-batch fermentation in a 5 L bioreactor, ε-PL concentration reached a maximum of (30.8 ± 0.46) g/L and the dry cell weight obtained was (33.8 ± 0.29) g/L, increasing by 31.6% and 20.7% compared with the control group, respectively. This improvement can be related to 0.5% n-dodecane could maintain dissolved oxygen concentration > 32% of air concentration compared with 23.8% in ε-PL production phase, and the production of a main by-product, poly-L-diaminopropionic acid, fell by 31%. These results indicated that the dissolved oxygen level in the broth was improved by adding n-dodecane, which can inhibit the by-product production and improve the biosynthesis of ε-PL.
Alkanes ; chemistry ; Batch Cell Culture Techniques ; Bioreactors ; Fermentation ; Oxygen ; chemistry ; Polylysine ; biosynthesis

Objective:Studies on the immune-enhancing activity of Polysaccharides from the fruits of Borojoa sorbilis cuter ( polysaccharides BSCP) in vivo.Methods:54 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups.The immune suppression mice in the three experimental groups,which were induced by cyclophosphamide ( CY) at 80 mg/kg/d via intraperitoneal injection, were perfused with 100,200,400 mg/kg/d BSCP for 30 d.The effect of BSCP on cellular immune function,humoral immune function and mononuclear macrophage function were measured.Results:CY-treated mice showed a significant decrease in immune function( P<0.05),humoral immune function(P<0.01) and mononuclear macrophage function(P<0.01).The administration of BSCP was able to overcome the CY-induced immunosuppression,treatment with BSCP-L,BSCP-M and BSCP-H groups significantly enhanced the cellular immune function( each was P<0.05 ) and mononuclear macrophage function ( each was P<0.05 ) , and treatment with BSCP-M and BSCP-H significantly enhanced humoral immune function(each was P<0.01).Conclusion:BSCP could significantly increase immune responses and reduce the side effects of CY in immune system.Therefore,the BSCP could be an immunomodulatory agent.

Objective To investigate the association between peripheral white blood cell count including its subtypes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and one-year all-cause mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods A total of 371 MHD patients at Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University between March 2009 and February,2011 were enrolled.Demographic,hematological,nutritional and inflammatory markers were obtained.All patients were followed for one year to investigate the risks for CVD event and mortality.Spearman correlation and linear regression were used to assess the relationship between white blood cell count and other laboratory parameters.Difference in categorical factors between two groups were determined with Chi-square test,Difference in continuous values between two groups were assessed with t test.Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model were applied to assess one-year mortality predictors.Results Patients with CVD event had lower lymphocyte count level (1.17±0.38 vs 1.34±0.51,P＜ 0.05) and higher monocyte count level (0.44 ± 0.15 vs 0.37 ± 0.15,P＜0.01) than those without CVD event.Cox proportional hazard regression showed that an increased lymphocyte count was associated with reduced mortality risk,95％CI:0.136-0.719,P ＜ 0.01) and that an increased monocyte count was associated with increased mortality risk,95％ CI:2.657-74.396,P＜0.01) after adjustment for hsCRP.Conclusion Decreased lymphocyte level and increased monocyte level are significantly related to CVD event and are independent predictors of increased one-year all-cause mortality risk in MHD patients.

Objective To identify the clinical profile and neuro-imaging findings of the right temporal lobe variant of semantic dementia (RTLV),and to understand the relationship between anatomic and function by comparison to the left temporal lobe atrophy.Methods Of 70 patients with diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia in our memory clinic,three patients with right temporal lobe atrophy were identified based on the MRI scans.We obtained the profile of cognitive function,behavior and personality changes in these 3 patients and compared them with those in 5 semantic dementia (SD) patients with predominant leftsided temporal lobe atrophy.We also underwent 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) with statistical parametric mapping analysis in these 3 patients.Results In RTLV patients,the most prominent cognitive deficits were impairment of prosopagnosia,and getting lost.Variety behavioral symptoms including apathy,social disinhibition,stereotypy,compulsive behaviors were more prevalent in early course for patients with RTLV,which were different from SD patients with semantic loss began with anomia or single-word comprehension.18F-FDG-PET scan showed decreased metabolism mainly in right temporal lobe and in other brain regions with varying degrees.Conclusions The RTLV is clinical heterogeneous.Prosopagnosia,behavioral changes and getting lost are the main features in the early course.It therefore,might be proposed a separate clinical entity.