Objective To observe the prophylactic effect, curative effect, and side effects of topiramate (TPM) as monotherapy for rats and children with febrile seizure. Methods The susceptiveness to febrile convulsion and side effects were observed in 60 Wistar rats and 90 CFC cases after administration of TPM. Results ① The latent period of febrile seizure in rats exposed to hot bath after treatment with TPM was significantly delayed ( t =3 07-3 59, P

Aim To explore the differences of pathogenesis for the hepatotoxicity induced by chronic treatment of valproic acid(VPA) in different ages,and in combination administration with inducers of liver enzyme.Methods Animal models were established by oral administration chronically with VPA at doses of 200 or 500 mg?kg~(-1) per day in 30 days for 50 Wistar rats(infant and adult rats) with inducers of liver enzyme Phenobarbital(PB) or not.Mitochondria were obtained by differential centrifugation.Levels of liver enzymes,coagulation factors,plasma ammonia,VPA and PB serum levels,and L-carnitine in sera,as well as the changes of respiratory enzymes and lipid peroxidation in hepatic mitochondria were measured.Mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP) and mRNA expression of CYP450 reductase in liver were determined by flow cytometer and in situ hybridization,and morphological changes of hepatocytes were observed under microscope with Oil-Red-O staining.Results ① In all rats treated with higher dose of VPA added with PB or not,there were no significant elevations of liver enzymes(ALT and AST).However significant abnormalities of function of blood coagulation and serum fibrinogen were shown, and the levels of plasma ammonia and L-carnitine were also changed significantly,and the changes were notable in infant rats or in those rats added with PB. ② Average contents of cytochrome aa3 in liver mitochondria of infant rats were reduced by 58.80% and 61.80% because of administration of high dose VPA and high dose VPA added with PB,but were reduced by 37.55% and 46.53% in adults.As for activities of SDH,which affected by high dose VPA in infants,were significant decreased by 44.8% and 57.9%,respectively,but still in normal range in adult groups.Activities of CCO in liver mitochondria were significantly lowered by high dose VPA or added with PB compared with controls(P

Objective To explore the pathogenicity of Campylobacter jejuni(CJ)O∶19 strain after deletion of neuB1.Methods The mutant of CJ O∶19 by deleting neuB1,which LPS is deficient in sialic acid,was compared with the homologous wild strain by assaying their sensitivity to bactericidal activity,motility and autoagglutination of 10% normal human serum(NHS).Results The sensitivity of the mutant strain to bactericidal activity of serum was superior to that of the wild strain.The survival rate of the mutant strain was(20.6?7.4)% and(9.6?3.6)% after incubation with 10% NHS for 15 min and 60 min,that of wild strain was(36.9?5.9)% and(15.5?4.3)% respectively.The wild and mutant strains showed no significant difference in sensitivity to motility and autoagglutination of NHS.Conclusion The mutant strain possesses remarkable pathogenicity so that an inactivated vaccine from the mutant strain should be first considered.

95 children with cerebral palsy (CP), aged from 4 months to 5 years, were treated with Bobath,Vojta and Wilson therapies. The developmental scores of motor function was evaluated. The motor function of children suffering from CP was severely retarded before the treatment. The average score is 1. 28 ± 0. 34 permonth, and they were singificantly improved after the treatment with 8 scores in average per month.

Objective: To establish a method using non-ionic detergent for extracting lipid rafts. Methods: Because lipid rafts can resist solubilization by non-ionic detergents under 4℃, we use non-ionic detergent (Triton X-100) to treat with epicyte fractions, the non-raft membrane would be solubilized. Then we utilize sucrose gradient centrifugation, preparations enriched in lipid rafts could be obtained.caveolin-1 was used as markers of lipid-raft structures. Results:A white light-scattering band under light illumination located at the interface between 15%-20% sucrose was detectable, and a brown stripe which comparative molecular quantity is 24 000 was identified by Western-Blot analysis. Conclusion: The method using non-ionic detergent is simple and useful for extracting lipid rafts, extracting lipid rafts would be prerequisite in studying the function of lipid rafts.

Objective:To explore the expression of Nogo-A in membrane of mature oligodendrocyte, and obtain these living cells. Methods:Mature oligodendrocytes were stained by indirect immuno-fluorescent technique.Stained unpermeable oligodendrocytes were sorted by flow cytometry. Results: The percentage of mature oligodendrocytes with Nogo-A expression in membrane was 3.36%. Conclusion:Nogo-A could be expressed in membrane of mature oligodendrocytes,and the ratio of positive cells was about 3.36%.

Objective To explore the protective efficacy of antioxidants (vitamin E and Ginkgo biloba extract) on the peripheral nerve damages induced by antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Methods Adult (2-month old) and infant SD rats (7-day old) were respectively treated with AEDs (phenytoin,or phenobarbital,or clonazepam) alone,or simultaneously with vitamin E or Ginkgo biloba extract for 4 weeks. All the rats were sacrificed,sciatic nerves and serum were collected. The sciatic nerves were analyzed by histologically for their pathological changes,and serum and homogenate of sciatic nerves were investigated for their total antioxidative capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity. Results Incidence of pathological abnormalities of teased fibers significantly reduced in all rats treated with AEDs and antioxidants (P

Objective To explore microsurgical treatment of tuberculum sellae meningiomas.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 35 cases of tuberculum sellae meningiomas operated from January 2005 to July 2013 in neurosurgery department of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital,surgical approach,removal rate,surgical effect and complications were analysed.Results All patients were accepted microsurgical treatment,twenty cases were operated via subfrontal approach,four cases via anterior interhemispheric approach,ten cases via pterional approach,one case via combined subfrontal and pterional approach.According to Simpson grade,grade Ⅱ,rection was achieved in 26 cases,grade Ⅲ in 4 cases and grade Ⅳ in 5 cases.The total rection rate was 85.7％.There were 28 cases with merger ision loss and visual field defects preoperate,twenty cases were improved after operation,five cases with no change,three cases aggravated.The visual improved rate was achieved 71.4％,there was no surgical mortality case.Conclusion The surround tissue of tuberculum sellae meningiomas is very import ant,microsurgical rection is the main treatment.The choice of surgical approach should according to tumor size,growth pattern,degree of impaired vision and surgeon experience.Family with microanatomy and skillfull microsurgical techique can make sure operation succes.

BACKGROUND: Recent researches indicate that ischemia and hypoxia can lead to abnormal brain metabolism and even energy failure, which is an important reason for brain damage and necrosis and identifies energy metabolism disorder as the key event in brain ischemia-reperfusion (IR)injury. Glucose transporter-3 plays the vital role in brain energy metabolism.OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of cerebral infarct volume and glucose transporter-3 mRNA and protein expressions in cerebral cortical penumbra at different stages of focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rats.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University.MATERIALS: This experiment was conducted in the Animal Laboratory of Medical Research Center, Second Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University between August and October 2002.Totally 56 SD rats were randomized into 3 groups which were subjected to ① ischemia for 1 hour followed by reperfusion (n=28), ② ischemia for 3 hours followed by reperfusion (n=24), and ③ sham operation (n=4). The rats in the first group were subdivided into 7 subgroups for examination at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 72hours and 1 week after ischemia, with 7 rats in each subgroup; the rats in the second ischemia group were also subdivided in similar manner but without a 1 hour postischemic subgroup. The rats in the sham operation group only received the operation but without arterial occlusion.METHODS: Focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury model was induced in the rats in the two ischemic groups by means of insertion of suture for arterial occlusion, and the ratio of central ischemic area to cerebral infarct volume in the ischemic penumbra was examined at the specified time points. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of glucose transporter-3 mRNA in the cerebral cortex in ischemic penumbra region, and semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) employed to detect the level of glucose transporter-3 protein.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cerebral infarct volume after IR injury, changes of transporter-3 mRNA and protein expressions after IR injury.RESULTS: Totally 56 rats were used in this experiment and all entered result analysis. The post-IR cerebral infarct volume was obviously smaller in 1-hour ischemia group than in 3-hour ischemia group. Glucose transporter-3 mRNA expression began to increase 3 hours after ischemia in 1-hour ischemia group, reaching the peak level at 24 hours and still mainrained higher level than that of the sham operation 1 week; in 3-hour ischemia group, the mRNA expression was slightly decreased at 3 hours but began to increase afterwards till reaching the peak level at 24 hours, followed then by recovery of normal level at 1 week. The changes in glucose transporter-3 protein and mRNA expressions followed almost the same pattern.CONCLUSION: Glucose transporter-3 expression is up-regulated in the ischemic penumbra region, possibly as a protective response to cerebral IR injury.

This study investigated the effect of TNP-470 in combination with carmustine (BCNU) on the growth of subcutaneously implanted human glioblastoma xenografts in nude mice. Human glioblastoma U-251 cells (1×10(7)) were injected into 24 nude mice subcutaneously. The tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into 4 groups on the seventh day following tumor implantation: TNP-470 group, in which TNP-470 was given 30 mg/kg subcutaneously every other day 7 times; BCNU group, in which 20 mg/kg BCNU were injected into peritoneal cavity per 4 days 3 times; TNP-470 plus BCNU group, in which TNP-470 and BCNU were coadministered in the same manner as in the TNP-470 group and the BCNU group; control group, in which the mice were given 0.2 mL of the mixture including 3% ethanol, 5% acacia and 0.9% saline subcutaneously every other day 7 times. The tumor size and weights were measured. The tumor microvessel density (MVD) was determined by immunostaining by using goat-anti-mouse polyclonal antibody CD105. The results showed that on the 21th day following treatment, the volume of xenografts in the TNP-470 plus BCNU group was (108.93±17.63)mm(3), markedly lower than that in the TNP-470 group [(576.10±114.29)mm(3)] and the BCNU group [(473.01±48.04)mm(3)] (both P<0.01). And the xenograft volume in these 3 treatment groups was even much lower than that in the control group [(1512.61±470.25) mm(3)] (all P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the volume of xenografts between the TNP-470 group and the BCNU group (P>0.05). The inhibition rate of the tumor growth in the TNP-470 plus BCNU group was (92.80±11.37)%, notably higher than that in the TNP-470 group [(61.91±6.29)%] and the BCNU group [(68.73±9.65)%] (both P<0.01) on the 21th day following treatment. There was no significant difference in the inhibition rate of tumor growth between the TNP-470 group and the BCNU group (P>0.05). The MVD of xenografts in the TNP-470 plus BCNU group was decreased significantly as compared with that in the TNP-470 group or the BCNU group (both P<0.05). The MVD of xenografts in the 3 treatment groups was markedly reduced as compared with that in the control group (all P<0.05). No significant changes in weights were observed before and after the treatment in each group (all P>0.05). It was concluded that the combination of TNP-470 and BCNU can significantly inhibit the growth of human glioblastoma xenografts in nude mice without evident side effects.