Objective To analyze the surface-electromyography (sEMG) signals of patients with lumbar disc herniation before and after core stability exercise therapy.Methods Thirty-eight cases diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation were randomly divided into a control group (n =19) and an experimental group (n =19) using a random number table.The former was given two weeks' conventional traction physiotherapy,while the latter was given another two weeks of core stability exercise of lumbar and dorsal muscles after the conventional treatment.All of the patients were assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and each was given a Japanese orthopedic association (JOA) score,sEMGs were recorded before and after 4 weeks of treatment.Results After treatment,average VAS scores[(1.11 ±0.74) and (0.95 ±0.62) respectively] and JOA scores[(21.05 ±3.08) and (23.47 ±2.04) respectively] in the control and experimental group both had improved significantly compared to that before treatment (P ＜ 0.01).The average JOA score in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.01) after the treatment.After treatment of 4 weeks,erector spinae median frequency (MF) values(84.84 ± 12.78) and erector spinae average amplitude (AEMG) value (108.94 ± 24.70) in the experimental group were significantly improved(P ＜ 0.05),so did the multifidus muscles MF value(95.63 ± 16.35) of affected side.There was no significant difference between the affected and unaffected side (P ＞ 0.05).Moreover,the MF values of the experimental group were significantly higher than that the control group (P ＜ 0.05) after treatment.There was significant difference between the average AEMG values of erector spinae of affected side before and after treatment (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Core stability exercise can further alleviate the symptoms of lumbar disc herniation after conventional traction physiotherapy.It improves the fatigue tolerance of the back's core muscles and relieves functional imbalance of the multifidus muscles.However,the time of therapy should be lengthened to study its effect on strengthening lumbar muscles.

Objective:To observe any effect of a half palm ankle-foot orthosis and a hollow-heel ankle-foot orthosis on the gait of stroke survivors.Methods:The walking of twenty-five stroke survivors was quantified using a gait analysis system. They walked barefoot, wearing a half palm ankle-foot orthosis and wearing a hollow-heel ankle-foot orthosis. Walking speed, step frequency, duration of the swing phase on the healthy and affected sides, risk of falling and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test times were recorded and analyzed.Results:The average gait frequency when wearing the hollow-heel ankle-foot orthosis was significantly faster than that in the other two conditions. The gait asymmetry coefficient was significantly different when the subjects wore the hollow-heel ankle-foot orthosis compared with walking barefoot. Compared with being barefoot, the average TUG time was significantly shorter when wearing either orthosis and the risk of falling was significantly less. The fall risk was significantly lower when wearing the hollow-heel orthosis compared to the half palm orthosis.Conclusion:Wearing either ankle-foot orthosis can significantly correct the gait of stroke survivors and lower their risk of falling, with better effect when wearing the hollow-heel ankle-foot orthosis.

Objective: To investigate the effect of a modified puncture cannula on prevention of bone cement leakage in percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP). Methods: From January 2014 to February 2018, 243 patients with single-segmental osteoporotic vertebral fracture were treated with PVP at Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital. Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Of them, a common puncture cannula was used in 169 cases (control group) and a modified puncture cannula in 74 (modified group). In the control group, there were 41 men and 128 women with an age of 71.6±9.5 years, and the fracture was distributed from T5 to T10 in 7 cases, from T11 to L2 in 132 and from L3 to L5 in 30. In the modified group, there were 20 men and 54 women with an age of 73.6±9.3 years, and the fracture was distributed from T5 to T10 in 3 cases, from T11 to L2 in 63 and from L3 to L5 in 8. The 2 groups were compared in terms of postoperative recovery of vertebral height, reduction in visual analogue scale(VAS) and bone cement leakage. Results: There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in age, gender, distribution of fractured vertebral bodies, compression degree, condition of vertebral posterior wall, or bone cement volume injected (P>0.05). There were no significant differences either between the control and modified groups in the postoperative recovery of vertebral height (7.43%±7.82% versus 6.20%±7.84%) or reduction in VAS score (5.83±0.99 versus 5.81±0.89) (P>0.05). Bone cement leakage occurred in 93 cases (55.0%) in the control group but in 26 cases (35.1%) in the modified group, showing a significant difference (P<0.05). The incidences of bone cement leakage in the paravertebral vessels [13.5% (10/74)], paravertebral soft tissue [9.5%(7/74)] and spinal canal [4.1%(3/74)] in the modified group were all significantly lower than those in the control group [25.4%(43/169), 20.1%(34/169) and 15.4%(26/169)](P<0.05). Conclusion Application of the modified end-to-side puncture cannula is an optional scheme to prevent bone cement leakage in PVP, because it can reduce the incidence of bone cement leakage without compromising postoperative short-term outcomes, especially in the spinal canal, paraspinal vessels and paraspinal soft tissue.

BACKGROUNDS: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of deaths nationwide. However, little is understood about its temporal trend and corresponding influence on longevity improvements. We aimed to describe the updated tendency in CVD mortality and to quantify its impact on life expectancy (LE) increase in China. METHODS: All-cause mortality rates were calculated with population sizes from the National Bureau of Statistics and death counts from the National Health Commission. We estimated CVD mortality rates by allocating age- and sex-based mortality envelopes to each CVD subtype based on its proportion derived from the Disease Surveillance Points system. The probability of CVD premature deaths and LE were calculated with life tables and we adopted Arriaga's method to quantitate age- and cause-specific contributions to LE gains. RESULTS: During 2013 to 2018, the age-standardized mortality rate of CVD decreased from 289.69 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 289.03, 290.35)/100,000 to 272.37 (95%CI: 271.81, 272.94)/100,000, along with a decline in probability of CVD premature deaths from 9.05% (95%CI: 9.02%, 9.09%) to 8.13% (95%CI: 8.10%, 8.16%). The gap in CVD mortality across sexes expanded with more remarkable declines in females, especially for those aged 15 to 64 years. Among major subtypes, the probability of premature deaths from hemorrhage stroke declined fastest, while improvements of ischemic stroke and ischemic heart disease were limited, and there was an increase in stroke sequelae. LE in China reached 77.04 (95%CI: 76.96, 77.12) years in 2018 with an increase of 1.38 years from 2013. Of the total LE gains, 21.15% (0.29 years) were attributed to reductions of CVD mortality in the overall population, mostly driven by those aged >65 years. CONCLUSIONS The general process in reducing CVD mortality has contributed to longevity improvements in China. More attention should be paid to prevention and control of atherosclerotic CVD and stroke sequelae, especially for the elderly. Working-age males also deserve additional attention due to inadequate improvements.
Aged ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Life Expectancy ; China/epidemiology* ; Disease Progression ; Stroke ; Cause of Death