Objective:To study the ischem ia/reperfusion- induced dynamic changes of phospholipids on m yocardial mem brane during cardiopulm onary bypass(CPB) ,and to evaluate the protective effects of4 kinds of cardioplegia.Methods: One hundred and forty felines were randomized into6 groups:Group A,control;Group B,receiving no cardioplegia during ACC;Group C,D,E,F,receiving antegrade interm ittent cold crystalloid,intermittent cold blood,continuous cold blood and continuous warm blood cardioplegia,respectively.The quantities of total phospholipids,phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were calculated on basis of thin layer chromatography.Results:For group C,D,E,F,a decrease in the quantities of total phospholipids,phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine was seen during early reperfusion, and a maximum decrease at30 - 6 0 m in reperfusion.After further reperfusion,total phospholipids,phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine for group C,D,E,F began to increase.The decrease of total phospholipids,phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine for group F was the smallest and the increase of it was the largest.Conclusion:At30 - 6 0 min reperfusion,the most significant injury of myocardial m em brane occurs.Further im provements of warm blood cardioplegia are still warrant despite of its greater m yocardial protection effects than others. [

Many esophageal diseases need esophageal replacement. Replacement with autograft leads to great damage and complications. The existing artificial esophagus, however, cannot match the demands of esophageal replacement. The study of tissue-engineered esophagus is the hope to solve these problems. This article reviews the progression of tissue-engineered esophagus.

To study the ischemia/reperfusion-induced dynamic changes in PLA 2 in cardiomyocytes and its effect on phospholipids of cardiomyocyte membrane during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and to evaluate the protective effects of two kinds of cardioplegia. The results showed that there was an increase in PLA 2 activity during CPB followed by decreases in the contents of total phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. During the 6o-min aorta occlusion beriod,there were no obvious changes in the activity of PLA 2 and the contents of total phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine when cardioplegia was used. During early reperfusion, there were a rapid increase in PLA 2 activity accompanied by a rapid decrease in contents of phospholipids.However,after 30~60min reperfusion, the contents of phospholipids for group C, D began to increase and the PLA 2 activity began to decrease. The changes in the contents of phospholipids and the PLA 2 activity in extracorporeal circulation with warm blood cardioplegia group were smaller in magnitude. These results suggested that the myocardial membrane injury was dependent on PLA 2 activation. Warm blood cardioplegia could provide better myocardial protection, and warrant further improvements.

Objective Construct the lentiviral AQP1 vector and explore whether it can transfect the myocyte or not,then test the law of the AQP1 expression and the edema in the successfully transducted myocytes after cardiopulmonary bypass in sheeps.Methods Design cleavage primer according to ovine AQP1mRNA,clone it into expressing vector and transducated into the 293T cells with other packing vectors to produce the lentiviral AQP1 vector,then test the virus titer.36 adult healthy sheeps are randomly divided into blank or AQP1-lentiviral transfected group,blank or AQP1-lentiviral vector suspension was injected in the ventricle tissue of healthy adult sheeps during cardiopulmonary bypass and take specimen in different time points (2,6,12,24,48,72 h)after extracorporeal circulation,3 in each group.Realtime-PCR WesternBlot ELISA FACS immumofluorescent and Dry/Wet methods are emploied to detect the expression of AQP1 and the according degree of edema.Results lentiviral AQP1 vector was successfully construced and transducated into the myocytes.The tranducated groups have the same trend of AQP1 of expression and cardiac edema after cardiopulmonary bypass compared to the blank vector group,but the degree is heavier(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Lentivral AQP1 vector can successfully transfect the myoctyes,and the overexpressed myocardial tissue have the same trend of AQP1 expression and edema after cardiopulmonary bypass,but with a heaver degree.The expression of aquaporins was positively relevant to the edema.

Objective To investigate the effects of A3 adenosine receptor ( A3AR) agonist on lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB) in rabbits. Methods Twenty-four rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 8 in each group. Rabbits in control group only received CPB, those in agonist group were given selective A3AR agonist IB-MECA intravenously 15 min before aorta clamp, and those in agonist + antagonist group were managed with selective A3AR receptor antagonist MRS-1191 intravenously before IB-MECA infusion. After CPB, serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α) and interleukin-8 ( IL-8), concentrations of malondialdehyde ( MDA) and myeloperoxidase ( MPO) in lung tissues, lung wet/dry weight ratio ( W/D), lung function related indexes of PaO_2/FiO_2, airway pressure (AWP) and pulmonary vascular resistance ( PVR), and histological changes of lung tissues were observed. Results Concentrations of serum TNF-a and IL-8 were significantly lower in agonist group than in control group and agonist + antagonist group (P <0.05). Compared with control group and agonist + antagonist group, W/D was much smaller, and concentrations of MDA and MPO were significantly lower in agonist group after CPB (P <0.05). PaO_2/FiO_2 was significantly higher, while AWP and PVR were significantly lower in agonist group than in control group and agonist + antagonist group (P <0.05). It was revealed by histological examinations that the pathological changes were less severe in agonist group than in control group and agonist + antagonist group. Conclusion A3AR agonist IB-MECA can reduce lung injury after CPB.

Objective To assess potential suitability of the intercostal artery as a conduit in coronary bypass graft.Methods Collected 36 cases of chinese adult thoracic aorta CTA original cross-sectional images,the images were retrospectively reconstructed under volume rendering technology (VR),multi-planar reconstruction (MPR),curved planar reformation (CPR) and maximum intensity projection(MIP).Observed and measured the data of the 8th,9th and 10th bilateral intercostal arteries and internal thoracic arteries.Results Toshiba 320-slice volume scanning CT can clearly display the intercostal arteries.The average length and diameter at corresponding point of the left and right 8-10th intercostal artery is similar,all the length is longer than 180 mm,and the diameter at axillary line is all bigger than 2.1 mm,the mean length of right intercostal arteries is slightly longer than the left intercostal arteries,the diameter at each corresponding point of left and right intercostal artery is similar,and equivalent to approximately 85％-90％ of internal thoracic artery.Conclusion Intercostal artery can be used as an ideal alternative vessel in coronary artery bypass grafting.

Objective To sunomanize the experience of consecutive 353 patients and mean 2-years follow-up following Mei mini maze procedure for atrial fibrillation.Methods Between June 2010 and May 2015,353 patients(240 males, 113 females) of atrial fibrillation received this therapy.The age of these patients were(59.7 ± 8.5) years.Among them, 186 were with paroxysmal and 167 were with non-paroxysmal.The procedure, through three ports on left chest wall, included pulmonary vein isolation and ablations of the roof and posterior wall of left atrium which were achieved by bipolar radiofrequency ablation.Ganglionic plexus ablation was made by the ablation pen.Left atrial appendage was excluded.Results Durations of their procedures were(92.3 ± 19.1) mins.No conversion to sternotomy or pacemaker implantation occurred and none of the patients died.The hospital stay was(8.5 ± 2.1) days.The mean follow-up duration was (25.0 ± 15.1) months.308 (90.1％) patients were in sinus rhythm.34 patients could not maintain sinus rhythm.Stroke, thrombus in the left atrium and stenosis of pulmonary vein were not found after their procedures.Conclusion Mei mini maze procedure is a safe, effective, and appropiiate treatment for AF, which restores sinus rhythm and may be associated with the prevention of AF-related stroke.It deserved to be promoted in future.

Our previous studies have suggested that angiopoietin-related protein 2 (Arp2) may improve rat cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by accelerating angiogenesis.We want to study the efficacy of the adenoviral vector-mediated gene transfer of Arp2 (Ad.Arp2) in inducing angiogenesis and in improving the myocardial perfusion and function in a porcine acute myocardial ischemic model.Methods The minipigs underwent ligation of the proximal circumflex coronary artery (LCx) and were randomly assigned to treatment with Ad.Arp2,adenoviral vectors with no transgene (Ad.Null) or PBS.Four weeks later,the animals were evaluated using echocardiography,cardiac perfusion imaging and pathologic observation.Results Four weeks after treatment,the Arp2 protein was revealed in the myocardium of Ad.Arp2 animals,but was not found in the Ad.Null or PBS animals.Also,a significant revival of myocardial perfusion was found in the ischemic area in Ad.Arp2-treated animals,whose global and regional myocardial function was greatly improved.The quantitation of new capillaries was much greater in the Ad.Arp2 group than in the Ad.Null or PBS groups.Conclusion Treatment with Ad.ARP2 offers the obvious advantage of greatly improving the blood supply and the heart function.(J Geriatr Cardiol 2008;5:230-234)

Objective To summarize the experience of hybrid repair performed in high risk patients with dissection involving the aortic arch.Methods From Sep.2007 to Mar.2015,hybrid repair was performed in 33 high risk patients with dissection involving the aortic arch including acute (n =8),subacute (n =15),or chronic (n =10) cases.Descripitive statistics were computed for continuous and categorical variables.Results There were 22 male and 11 female patients with a mean age of(69 ± 10) years,and ASA Physical Status Ⅲ-Ⅳ.Simultaneous (n =27) and staged (n =5,mean interval 5.0 ± 1.3 days)endovascular repair were performed via femoral artery.The technical success rate was 100％.The average hospital stay was (16 ±6) days.One case died of cerebral infraction.There were two with strokes,one with pneumonia and two with renal failure as complications.Median follow-up was 47 months (3-66 months).There were four deaths with two were related to aortic artery.Endoleak was found in 3 during follow-up.One type Ⅰ endoleak was cured after remedy hybrid repair.Conclusions Hybrid repair performed in patients at high risk with dissection involving the aortic arch is less invasive with favorable medium and long-term outcomes.