Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Brain Ischemia ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Gene Expression ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BACKGROUND: Selective posterior rhizotomy has been extensively acknowledged as an effective method of relieving lower limb spasticity in cerebral palsy. However, the postoperative complications such as reduced muscle strength and imbalance of the spine are of concern among surgeons and therapists. The combination of limited selective posterior rhizotomy (LSPR) with adductor tenotomy can decrease these complications without compromising the treatment effects.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of combination therapy of LSPR with adductor tenotomy on lower limb spasticity, gait and movement of the patients.DESIGN: A self-controlled trial and observational follow-up taking children with cerebral palsy as the subjects.SETTING: Orthopedic Department of First Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University.PARTICIPANTS: Thirty children patients with cerebral palsy treated in the Orthopedics Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University from January 2001 to December 2002 were recruited in this trial. They presented scissors gait, flexed knee and tiptoeing of different degree. There were 18 cases of brisk tendon reflex and ankle clonus, and 15 cases of positive Babinski' s sign. All the patients had no immobile soft tissue contracture and could either accomplish walking and crouching independently or walk with arms on assistant devices.INTERVENTIONS: The patients received LSPR of L5 and S1 dorsal roots together with bilateral adductor tenotomy. Muscle tone and strength, knee and Achilles tendon reflexes, ankle clonus and pathologic signs were recorded before and after operation. X-ray examination on lumbar spine and pelvic was also taken for detection of deformity. The patients' movements were assessed according to their standing and walking postures, standing and crouching movements before operation and on follow-up. During follow-up all the mentioned indices were recorded by reference to the original case history, hospital reexamination and correspondence with the patients.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The amelioration in lower limb spasticity and grading of lower limb()movements.RESULTS: During the follow-up for six months to three years(the mean of 11 months), the patients' lower limb spasticity was decreased by 2. 5 grades. The gait was also improved with disappeared scissors gait and tiptoeing, knee flexion was improved and the patients could walk with heels on the ground. All ankle clonus and pathologic reflexes disappeared. The brisk knee reflex in 12 patients became sluggish after operation. There was no decrease in lower limb strength or permanent hypesthesia. X-ray examination of lumbar spine and pelvic showed no deformity in 9 patients after over 2-year follow-up. The upper limb spasticity, salivation and aphasia in 8 patients were also ameliorated. The grading for postoperative standing, walking and crouching-standing alternation[(4.25±0.91), (3.92±0.65) and(4.02±0.74)] wasimproved(t=2.04-2.98, P ＜0.05-0.01).CONCLUSION: The combination of LSPR with adductor tenotomy can effectively ameliorate lower limb spasticity and movement with decreased operative damage.

Objective To construct cDNA library of alveolar macrophages after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and dexamethasone (Dex) treatment for exploring the protein molecule interactive with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in condition of inflammation. Methods After the cultured AMs were treated with LPS (10mg/ml) and Dex (10 -5 mol/L) for 4h, total RNA was extracted from AMs, then the cDNA was synthesized from total RNA of AMs and amplified using primers SMARTⅢ TM and CDSⅢoligo (dT) as the base of recombination. The purified PCR products as well as the linearized plasmid pGADT7-Rec were co-transformed into the competent yeast AH109. They were recombined by yeast homologous recombinase in the yeast cells and became the active cyclic plasmid. The transformed yeasts grew in the SD/-Leu plates. All the growing clones were harvested and then constituted the cDNA library. Furthermore, the bait pGBKT7-rGR transformed the yeast AH109 of library was constructed, and the protein molecule interactive with GR was screened. Results cDNA library of AMs was constructed with high multiplication and good capacity. 1.07?106 recombinants were obtained from the cDNA library. The amplified PCR fragments were between 0.3-1.5kb in size. One true positive clone, obtained by screening the cDNA library, was confirmed to be BAG-1 by sequencing and BLAST. Conclusion The yeast two-hybrid cDNA library of AMs was successfully constructed by Clontech SMART method; GR can interact with BAG-1 in yeast cells.

Objective To study the adverse health effects of indoor decoration on the inhabitants and to provide scientific evidences for improving the living conditions.Methods To investigate the condition of room decorating,fitment and the health situation of inhabitants,then analyze the data by multiple Logistic regression.Results The indoor air pollution caused by indoor decoration could cause many kinds of complaints.The result of single factor analysis showed that less than 6 months after the decoration(OR=9.45),to live in the room in less than half month after the decoration(OR=1.97)and living in the room for less than 1 month(OR=16.19)maybe increase the risk of complaints.When adjusted the effects of the other influence factors,the result showed that the longer the time of decoration was finished,the lower the risk of complaints was(OR=0.82,95%CI:0.73-0.91).Keeping ventilation could decrease the risk of complaints(OR=0.68,95%CI:0.54-0.87).Conclusion The results of this investigation indicate that the discomfortable symptoms of inhabitants living in the room decorated recently are the combined results of many factors which include room decorating,the surrounding of living,the working condition,individual habit and living habits.To prolong the time of living in the room after decoration and keep the room ventilation can decrease the adverse effects of decoration pollution.

Objective: To develop parental punishment style the questionnaire. Methods: Based upon previous literature about parental punishment style and expert interview, data were collected for the parental punishment style questionnaire. A sample of 1028 junior high school students were asked to complete the questionnaire and 158 of them was given retest after a month. Results: Taken from the questionnaire by exploratory factor analysis four factors were compatible. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit to the data. The internal consistency reliability of father and mother questionnaire was satisfactory, with Cronbach ? coefficient 0.91; and the test-retest reliability was also satisfactory, with test-retest correlation coefficient 0.88 and 0.89, which showed good content validity and high construct validity. Conclusion: The questionnaire has good reliability and validity, and meets the need of psychometrics.

Objective To study the effects of cardiovascular and stress responses and the feasibility during thoracic surgery for geriatric patients under general anesthesia combined with epidural block. Methods Thirty elderly patients ASAⅠ-Ⅱ, scheduled for elective thoracic surgery, were divided randomly into combined general and epidural anesthesia group(G+E)and general anesthesia group(G). In both groups general anesthesia was induced with propofol 1.5mg/kg, fentanyl 4?g/kg, atracurium 0.6mg/kg, and maintained with intravenous continuously of propofol 5～7 mg?kg -1 ?h -1 , intermittent iv bolus of fentanyl and atracurium. In group GE epidural was performed at T_ 5-9 and an epidural catheter was placed and 1% lidocain 5 ml was given before induction of general anesthesia, after intubation and remained the cardiovascular stable, 1% lidocain 5～10 ml was infused epidural space. Appropriate fentanyl was given before skin incision for analgesia. Blood samples were taken before anesthesia, 10 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h after skin incision and the end of surgery for determining of cortisol, norepinephrine(NE), epinephrine(E)and interleukin-6(IL-6); measured and recorded the mean artery pressure(MAP), heart rate(HR), general anesthetic dosage and the duration of postoperative revival. Results In group GE, serum cortisol at 10 min,30 min and 1 h after skin incision decreased significantly compared with those in group G( P

Objective A distintegrin and metalloproteinase 33 (ADAM33) is one of the asthma susceptibility gene, which is closely related to the pathogenesis of asthma and airway hyperreactivity.The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of serum ADAM33 in patients with different severity of asthma and the relation to airway chronic inflammation through clinical trials.MethodsPatients diagnosed as mild-to-moderate asthma (n=54), severe asthma (n=35) and healthy controls (n=30) were recruited from May 2015 to May 2016.The serum IgE, ADAM33, IL-4 and IL-13 1evels and Eosinophil (EOS) in peripheral blood were detected, and the correlation analysis was performed Results The serum levels of ADAM33 in mild-to-moderate asthma group, severe asthma group and healthy control group were 23.8±6.21pg/mL,64.8±12.8pg/mL and 18.3±4.49pg/mL, respectively.The ADAM33 levels in mild-to-moderate asthma group and severe asthma group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05).The ADAM33 levels in severe asthma group were higher than those in mild to moderate asthma group.(P<0.05).The correlation analysis showed that ADAM33 had positive correlation with IL-4 and IL-13(r=0.79 and r=0.81), but no correlation with EOS and IgE(r=0.54 and r=0.46).Conclusion The expression of serum ADAM33 was up-regulated in asthmatic patients along with the severity of asthma.ADAM33 was positively correlated with serum IL-4 and IL-13, implying that the expression of ADAM33 may be regulated by Th2 type cytokines.

Objective To study the effect of different doses of Zhengan xifeng decoction on Raf-1 mRNA and protein expression in the cardiovascular tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats( SHR). Methods A total of 50 male SHR,24 weeks old,were randomly divided into the model,low dose,medium dose,high dose of Zhengan xifeng decoction and the compound apocynum groups,10 in each group. Ten homologous male rats( WKY)served as the normal control group. After gavaged for 5 weeks,western blotting and RT-PCR were used to detect the Raf-1 protein and mRNA expression in the cardiovascular tissue,respectively. Results Compared with the model control group,both Raf-1 protein and mRNA expressions significantly increased in all treatment groups( P〈0. 01 ). Conclusion The Zhengan xifeng decoction can stimulate cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis by up-regulating the expression of Raf-1.

Evidence-based medicine is advocated by WHO and adopted by developed countries for many years. In China, however, the selection of essential medicine and various medical insurance reimbursement schemes medicine is usually based on experts' experience of prescription practice which is under heavy critics resulting from the lack of related comparative efficacy and evidence-based research. The efficacy of Jian'ganle in prevention of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) caused by antituberculotics was evaluated in this study by comparison with Hugan Pian, glucuronolactone and reduced glutathione. Evidence was provided for relevant sectors such as Ministry for Human Resources and Social Security of the People's Republic of China and National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China to select and renew the Essential Medicine List (EML), the new rural cooperative medical scheme in China (NRCMS) list or the reimbursement list of industrial injury insurance. A total of 189 patients with initial pulmonary tuberculosis were divided into four groups who took antituberculotics combined with Jian'ganle, Hugan Pian, glucuronolactone and reduced glutathione respectively. Their liver function profile including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), total protein (TP), albumin (A) and globulin (G) were detected at admission as baseline and after treatment. The Jian'ganle group was compared with the three others by chi-square tests. In an aspect of maintaining bilirubin indexes normal, Jian'ganle was more efficacious than glucuronolactone. And Jian'ganle had a little more efficacy than reduced glutathione to maintain protein indexes normal as well. And the therapeutic regimen of antituberculotics combined with Jian'ganle was the best in treating tuberculosis and preventing DILI at the same time. The study showed that among the four hepatinicas which demonstrated similar prevention of DILI caused by antituberculotics, Jian'ganle has more advantages over the three others to some extent, which provides a reliable basis for health sectors to select and renew the EML, NRCMS List or the reimbursement list of industrial injury insurance.

Starch a natural polymer that is characterized by cheap, regenerative, and good biodegradation is generally mixed with low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystryrene to prepare degradable materials. In order to relieve "white pollution" due to undegradability of plastic materials, starch is mixed with polyvinyl alcohol, polylactic acid, poly-hydroxybutyric acid, polycaprolactone, chitosan, derivatives, and other degradable polymers to prepare fully degradable biomaterials. With gradual exhaustion of petroleum and progressive depravation of environmental quality, starch that is regarded as a reinforcing agent is widely used in rubber industry. Starch is characterized by hydrophilicity, difficulty in processing, and poor compatibility to plastic materials, rubber, and other polymers, so starch is firstly modified and then mixed with polymers to make starch. This study was designed to summarize the application of starch in plastic materials, rubber, and other polymer blends and to investigate the latest research progresses of starch in polymer materials.