Factors in uterus may be important in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes.Malnutrition during early life can affect insulin secretion and result in insulin resistance,and such effects are markedly exaggerated when facing over-nutrition in later life.This paper gives a review about the population evidence and epigenetic mechanism in the generational susceptibility to type 2 diabetes.

Child ; Humans ; beta-Thalassemia ; diagnosis ; therapy

Recent studies have demonstrated that hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for stroke,which may cause vascular endothelial injury by multiple mechanisms,destroy blood coagulation and fibrinolytic systems,and influence on lipid metabolism.Methylenetetra hydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)is a key enzyme of homocysteine metabolic pathway in the human body.If it is insufficient or its activity decreases,it will directly result in the accumula tion of homocysteine in the human body,and callse hyperhomocysteinemia.Although a number of studies have found that MTHFR gene mutation is the main cause of MTHFR insufficient and its activity decrease,the correlation between MTHFR gene mutation and ischemic cerebral vascular disease is quite controversial now.This article reviews the relationship between MTHFR gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke.

The paper aims to explore the studying method for the pharmacokinetics of drugs in target organs, the pharmacokinetic process of tramadol hydrochloride in the extracellular fluid of frontal cortex (FrCx) of mice was investigated. Six male mice (Kunming strain) were anaesthetized (urethane, 1.8 g x kg(-1), ip) and secured on a stereotaxic frame. A microdialysis probe was implanted into the FrCx and perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid at a flow rate of 2 microL x min(-1). One hour later, mice were administrated (ip) with tramadol hydrochloride (50 mg x kg(-1)) and dialysates were collected continuously at 12-min intervals (24 microL each) for 6 h. The tramadol concentration in dialysates was determined by HPLC-Ultraviolet detection method, and the concentration-time curve and pharmacokinetic parameters of tramadol were calculated with DAS software. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic process of tramadol in the FrCx extracellular fluid of mice was fitted to a two-compartment open model, and the main pharmacokinetic parameters t1/2alpha, t1/2beta, t(max), C(max) and AUC(0-infinity) were (0.27 +/- 0.05) h, (2.72 +/- 0.24) h, (0.50 +/- 0.10) h, (2 110.37 +/- 291.22) microg x L(-1) and (4 474.51 +/- 441.79) microg x L(-1) x h, respectively. In conclusion, a studying method for pharmacokinetics of drugs in the target organ is established, which is simple and feasible. Tramadol hydrochloride shows a two-compartment model in the extracellular fluid of the mouse FrCx, and the distribution- and elimination half-life are 0.5 h and 2.7 h, respectively.

Objective To detect the serum prohibitin protein(PHB)level in children with renal interstitial damage and analyze the correlation between PHB and renal interstitial fibrosis(RIF). Methods Serum PHB protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis in 36 children with kidney diseases,and 30 healthy children were studied as control. Levels of BUN,Scr,and urinary microprotein series(including ALBU/Cr,NAGU/Cr,IgG U/Cr,α1-MU/Cr)were studied by automatic biochemical analyzer. Renal interstitial damage was semiquantitatively graded according to Katafuchi's method. The correlation between serum levels of serum PHB protein and those of BUN,Scr as well as urine microprotein were analyzed. Results Serum PHB protein was positive in children with diverse kidney diseases however it was negative in the normal controls(P ＜ 0.05). Serum PHB levels were significantly higher in children with proliferative glomerulonephritis than those with non-proliferative glomerulonephritis(P ＜ 0.05). Statistical analysis indicated that serum PHB levels positively correlated with the degree of tubulointerstitial lesions(r ＝ 0.868,P ＜ 0.001)as well as the glomerular injuries(r ＝ 0.753,P ＜ 0.001). And,serum PHB levels were also positively correlated with urinary microprotein including NAG(r ＝ 0.586,P ＜ 0.001)and IgG(r ＝ 0.341,P ＜ 0.001). Conclusions Serum PHB levels were significantly increased in children with kidney diseases and were positively correlated with the degrees of renal interstitial damage,suggesting that PHB might be a potential clinical marker for detecting tubulointerstitial lesions.

Erythropoiesis ; physiology ; Humans ; Mitochondria ; physiology ; Mitochondrial Degradation

Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; therapeutic use ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms ; therapy ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Injections, Spinal ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; therapy ; Male ; Methotrexate ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Rituximab

Objective To explore the application of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography in screening the defects of fetal brain and skull.Methods Thirty-one cases of the fetal were detected in 3D ultrasonography.The ultrasonic data were compared with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and pathology.Results Among 31 cases according to 3D ultrasonography,there were 2 of anencephaly, 1 of exencephaly,2 of encephalocele,5 of holoprosencephaly,2 of arachnoidcyst, 1 of vein of Galen aneurysm,2 of agenesis of the corpus callosum, 1 of schizencephaly, 3 of Dandy-Walker syndrome, 7 of ventriculomegaly, and 5 of enlargement of cisterna magna.Compared with the results of MRI,the diagnostic accordance rate was 100% by 3D,it was 93.5% by 2D.Conclusions The structure of fetal brain and skull were viewed more clearly in 3D ultrasonography than 2D ultrasonography and the defects of fetal brain and skull can screened more exactly.

Objective Resarech on the correlation between serum tumor markers CA19-9,CEA,CAS0 and the early diagnosis and staging of pancreatic cancer.Methods To compare the serum levels of the CA19-9,CEA,CA50 in 51 patients with pancreatic cancer,10 benign tumor patients and 12 chronic pancreatitis patients admitted to the Department of general surgery,Anhui Provincial Hospital from January 2013 to October 2015.Results CA19-9 expression in different stages of pancreatic cancer and other pancreatic diseases were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The difference of CEA and CA50 expression in pancreatic cancer and other pancreatic diseases was statistically significant (P＜0.05).But the CEA in stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅱ,stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅲ,stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ patients with clear expression of the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The was no significant difference in the expression of CA50 in pancreatic cancer stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P ＞ 0.05).The positive rate of CA19-9 in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer was higher than that of CEA and CA50.The positive rate of CA19-9,CEA,CAS0 and were the highest in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.Conclusions The expression levels of CA19-9,CEA and CA50 in serum have a certain relevance to the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,and the value of CA19-9 is the highest in the stage of pancreatic cancer.