Factors in uterus may be important in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes.Malnutrition during early life can affect insulin secretion and result in insulin resistance,and such effects are markedly exaggerated when facing over-nutrition in later life.This paper gives a review about the population evidence and epigenetic mechanism in the generational susceptibility to type 2 diabetes.

Child ; Humans ; beta-Thalassemia ; diagnosis ; therapy

Recent studies have demonstrated that hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for stroke,which may cause vascular endothelial injury by multiple mechanisms,destroy blood coagulation and fibrinolytic systems,and influence on lipid metabolism.Methylenetetra hydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)is a key enzyme of homocysteine metabolic pathway in the human body.If it is insufficient or its activity decreases,it will directly result in the accumula tion of homocysteine in the human body,and callse hyperhomocysteinemia.Although a number of studies have found that MTHFR gene mutation is the main cause of MTHFR insufficient and its activity decrease,the correlation between MTHFR gene mutation and ischemic cerebral vascular disease is quite controversial now.This article reviews the relationship between MTHFR gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke.

The paper aims to explore the studying method for the pharmacokinetics of drugs in target organs, the pharmacokinetic process of tramadol hydrochloride in the extracellular fluid of frontal cortex (FrCx) of mice was investigated. Six male mice (Kunming strain) were anaesthetized (urethane, 1.8 g x kg(-1), ip) and secured on a stereotaxic frame. A microdialysis probe was implanted into the FrCx and perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid at a flow rate of 2 microL x min(-1). One hour later, mice were administrated (ip) with tramadol hydrochloride (50 mg x kg(-1)) and dialysates were collected continuously at 12-min intervals (24 microL each) for 6 h. The tramadol concentration in dialysates was determined by HPLC-Ultraviolet detection method, and the concentration-time curve and pharmacokinetic parameters of tramadol were calculated with DAS software. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic process of tramadol in the FrCx extracellular fluid of mice was fitted to a two-compartment open model, and the main pharmacokinetic parameters t1/2alpha, t1/2beta, t(max), C(max) and AUC(0-infinity) were (0.27 +/- 0.05) h, (2.72 +/- 0.24) h, (0.50 +/- 0.10) h, (2 110.37 +/- 291.22) microg x L(-1) and (4 474.51 +/- 441.79) microg x L(-1) x h, respectively. In conclusion, a studying method for pharmacokinetics of drugs in the target organ is established, which is simple and feasible. Tramadol hydrochloride shows a two-compartment model in the extracellular fluid of the mouse FrCx, and the distribution- and elimination half-life are 0.5 h and 2.7 h, respectively.

Erythropoiesis ; physiology ; Humans ; Mitochondria ; physiology ; Mitochondrial Degradation

Objective To detect the serum prohibitin protein(PHB)level in children with renal interstitial damage and analyze the correlation between PHB and renal interstitial fibrosis(RIF). Methods Serum PHB protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis in 36 children with kidney diseases,and 30 healthy children were studied as control. Levels of BUN,Scr,and urinary microprotein series(including ALBU/Cr,NAGU/Cr,IgG U/Cr,α1-MU/Cr)were studied by automatic biochemical analyzer. Renal interstitial damage was semiquantitatively graded according to Katafuchi's method. The correlation between serum levels of serum PHB protein and those of BUN,Scr as well as urine microprotein were analyzed. Results Serum PHB protein was positive in children with diverse kidney diseases however it was negative in the normal controls(P ＜ 0.05). Serum PHB levels were significantly higher in children with proliferative glomerulonephritis than those with non-proliferative glomerulonephritis(P ＜ 0.05). Statistical analysis indicated that serum PHB levels positively correlated with the degree of tubulointerstitial lesions(r ＝ 0.868,P ＜ 0.001)as well as the glomerular injuries(r ＝ 0.753,P ＜ 0.001). And,serum PHB levels were also positively correlated with urinary microprotein including NAG(r ＝ 0.586,P ＜ 0.001)and IgG(r ＝ 0.341,P ＜ 0.001). Conclusions Serum PHB levels were significantly increased in children with kidney diseases and were positively correlated with the degrees of renal interstitial damage,suggesting that PHB might be a potential clinical marker for detecting tubulointerstitial lesions.

Objective To explore the influence of homocysteine(Hcy)on liver cystathionine-?-synthase(CBS)and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)system in apoE-/- mice,and determine the effects of atorvastatin and/or folate/vitamin B12 on liver CBS and MTHFR system.Methods Eighty male 6-week-old apoE-/- mice were randomly divided into two groups:65 mice were fed with a chow diet containing 2%(wt/vol)L-methionine(homomethionine group)and 15 mice were fed with normal saline(control group).Two months later,the 60 mice survived in homomethionine group were subdivided into four groups:group Ⅰ(untreated),Ⅱ(3 mg/kg atorvastatin),Ⅲ(3 mg/kg atorvastatin+2 mg/kg folate+30 ?g/kg vitamin B12)and Ⅳ(2 mg/kg folate+30 ?g/kg vitamin B12).After one month,Western blotting was performed to detect the liver CBS and MTHFR system protein expression in each group.Results The relative expression of liver CBS and MTHFR was significantly lower in group Ⅰ than in control group(P

Objective To explore the role of protein kinase C(PKC) to regulate the activation of nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B)in T lymphocyte in children with acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP).Methods Sterility peripheral blood was collected from acute ITP children(n=30)and healthy children(n=30).T lymphocytes were isolated and purified,and divided into 3 groups:control group,PMA group stimulated with PMA,PMA plus H-7 group stimulated with PMA and H-7.The expression of NF-?B and inhibitor protein-?B(I-?B)was detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot,respectively.Results The percentage of cells with active NF-?B was significantly higher and the expression level of I-?B was significantly lower in acute ITP PMA group than that in acute ITP control group and normal PMA group,respectively(all P

Patrolling monocyte (PMo) is a subset of monocytes.Its main function is patrolling vascular endothelium and removing cellular debris from the microvasculature.Studies have revealed that PMo can inhibit the growth of tumor cells,recruiting NK cells to kill tumor cells.PMo can prevent tumor cells metastasis to the lung,which plays a role of immunosurveillance.PMo may be a target for cancer immunotherapy.