One hundred adult male rats were equally distributed into 5 groups entitled to recieve protein diets, namely milk-egg, egg, gelatin-corn, beef and soybean cake.Having received these diets for 2 weeks, all rats were given first exposure of 550 rad and fed on the same diet as before. After 30 days, any rat survived in 5 groups had to receive second irradiation of 650 rad.After the first irradiation, the body weights of rats in 5 groups were declined but restored to pre-irradiation level at the 25th day, among them the egg diet group was restored much better. At the same day after the second irradiation, the body weight of the gelatin-corn group restored much more than the soybean, group.No statistically different results have been found in survival rate of 5 groups following the irradiation of 550 rad for 32 days. The survival rate of the gelatin group was higher than that of the soybean group both 32 and 50 days after the second exposure of ?-rays for 650 rad, but the survival rate of the egg diet group was significantly higher only at 50 days.

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) is usually abnormally overexpressed, which mainly leads to the transcriptional repression of tumor suppressor genes. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) exert anti-tumor biological effects by regulating nucleosome structure, inhibiting HDAC activity, and controlling the expression of tumor suppressor genes. There are currently 5 drugs on the market, but only for peripheral T-cell lymphoma and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. In solid tumors, most of the HDAC inhibitors used have failed to achieve effective therapeutic effects. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is the starting node of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, which plays a very important role in the proliferation, migration, invasion, and differentiation of tumor cells. The abnormal activation of PI3K is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors, and the combined use of HDAC and PI3K inhibitors and HDAC/PI3K dual-target inhibitors show synergistic anticancer activity. This article introduces the anti-tumor clinical and preclinical research progress of representative HDAC inhibitors and PI3K inhibitors, as well as HDAC/PI3K dual-target inhibitors.

Hypoxia occurs in chronic and acute vascular diseases and tumor formation. The ability of tumor cells to maintain a balance between an adaptation to hypoxia and cell death is regulated by a family of transcription factors called hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Tumor hypoxia mediated by HIF-1 would facilitate the likelihood of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, proliferation, metastasis and the invasive potential; all of which culminate in a decrease in patient survival. And HIF-1 alpha subunit decides the activity of HIF-1, which is regulated by oxygen. So understanding the role of HIF in signal pathway, drug resistance mechanism and its feature is crucial for developing novel anticancer therapies. In recent years, more attentions have focused on HIF-1 alpha inhibitors. It is expected that development of more potent and selective HIF inhibitors will provide an effective treatment of cancer and other HIF-related diseases. So we will focus on the biological characteristics and mechanism of HIF-1 to review currently studied HIF-1 inhibitors.
Cell Death ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

Three patients of chronic radiation disease having typical clinical symptoms were selected as experimental subjects. They took high-protein diet containing 1586-1669 kcal, 75.4-77.2g protein, 162.4-183.0g carbohydrate and 69.7-69.8g fat. Apparent digestibilities of protein, carbohydrate and fat in the diet were estimated as 85.9-87.3, 98.8-99.3 and 94.7-96.1% respectively. Nitrogen balances of three patients were -0.90, -0.31 and -0.01g per day. During that period, patients' body weight dropped 0.5-1.5kg.Afterward two patients received the diet therapy of a high-protein high-calorie diet specially prepared and given at six meals instead of four meals per day. The daily intakes of protein, fat, carbohydrate and calories were increased to 97.2g, 94g, 308-312g and 2467-2483 kcal respectively. The digestibility of protein in the therapeutic diet was slightly higher than that in hospital diet, but those of carbohydrate and fat did not change obviously. The nutritional status of two patients became better as shown by that the nitrogen balance turned positive ( + 2.37 and +2.93g per day) and the body weight increased.

Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Immunity ; immunology ; Male ; Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Prognosis

BACKGROUND:In recent years, bacterial celulose modified by nano-composite technology has been endowed with new properties. OBJECTIVE:To review the combination of bacterial celulose and nanosilver to prepare wound dressing. METHODS: A computer-online search was performed in PubMed (2013-01/2015-04) and CNKI (2007-01/2015-04) databases to retrieve studies on bacterial celulose, nanosilver and their compound method and application using the key words of “bacterial celulose, nano-silver” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bacterial celulose/nano-silver compound can be prepared by three methods: solution impregnation, in situ composite and biocomposite. Solution impregnation method can lower the concentration of nanosilver ions in the fiber matrix to highly control the release of silver ions, but the genetic toxicity and biocompatibility are unclear.In situcomposite method can reduce the damage to the mesh structure of celulose on which silver ions can be bonded firmly to reduce the toxic damage to cels, but the reducing agent used has a higher toxicity, which is difficult to remove. Biocomposite method cannot produce toxic substance, which is friendly to the environment, and the synthetic biomaterials have less harm to the human body and can be controled highly.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of enhancement scan and angiography of dual-source computed tomography (CT) in purulent meningitis.Methods The clinical data,imaging data of enhancement scan and angiography of dual-source CT of 8 cases with purulent meningitis were analyzed retrospectively.Results There was linear or bead-like high intensity enhancement of different degree around the cistern,groove or the cerebral vessels in 6 cases,especially around the basal cistern and ambient cistern; a ring-like enhancement was shown in the temporal lobe in 1 case; fusiform change of the cerebral arteries was shown in angiography of dual-source CT in 2 cases.Conclusion Enhancement scan and angiography of dual-source CT is valuable for early diagnosis of purulent meningitis and improve the diagnosis rate.

Sixty male rats divided equally into three groups were fed with synthetic diet. In every group each rat was subcutaneously given with vitamin B12 and folic acid, but the administration dose for different group was different so that the first group showed nutritional insufficiency, the second almost normal and the third good nutritional condition.Having fed to four weeks, the nitrogen intake for the first group (0.36 ?0.01 g/day) was significantly lower than that for the second (0.45?0.02 g/day) or for the third (0.44 ?0.012 g/day). The same were true for urinary nitrogen and total nitrogen.Under histidine load of 50 mg per rat, the urinary nitrogen excretion in every group was increased, but the increased quantity was much more than the nitrogen content in histidine used for loading test. At the same while the urinary amino nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen for the first group were increased, but not for the second or for the third before and after the loading test.Twelve rats selected from every group were equally distributed into two subgroups, one being irradiated with 60Co ray 700 rad and other not irradiated taking as control. The loading tests of histidine were undertaken at 1st, 7th, 14th, 21th and 28th day. The results showed that the radiation damage, the decrease of food intake and histidine loading test might exaggerate the disturbance of nitrogen metabolism in rats suffered from nutritional insufficiency of vitamin B12 and folic acid, as shown in urinary amino nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen excretion, but higher administration of vitamin B12 and folic acid could eliminate the exaggeration and improve the disturbance of nitrogen metabolism as well.

Sixty male rats divided into the control and the gelatin group were fed with 20% protein synthetic diet. The diet for the former group contained 24% casein, whereas for the latter 11% gelatin and 12% casein. , Having been fed for some days, all rats were irradiated with 875 rad (LD85-90). The main results were summarized as follows;1. The gelatin group had higher survival rate than the control group. 2. The body weight of gelatin group was less declined than that of control group and then much restored than the latter. 3. The survival time of dying rats within 14 days following the exposure to 875 rad in gelatin group was more longer than that in control group. 4. The gelatin group had less biological lesions than the control group.It was suggested that the gelatin diet had distinctly prophylactic-therapeutic action on acute radiation damage and its mechanism was probably related to the prevention from disturbance of collagen metabolism.

Studies on nitrogen metabolism in rats and dogs during acute radiation damage were made, the main results being shown as follows:1. Rats given 630 r whole body radiation showed marked decrease of food intake, but their body weight losses exceeded substantially those of non-radiated rats in pair feeding group. As compared with the latter, the former had more excretion of urinary nitrogem and negative nitrogen balance in the 1st and 2nd day following the exposure of X-ray.2. Four adult male dogs were selected as experimental animals. After irradiation of 430 r,the daily intake of protein and calories were decreased and correspondingly the excretion of total nitrogen,urea nitrogen and amino nitrogen became increased, especially in the 1st and 2nd day.3. Three groups of dogs were fed to low, moderate and high protein diet respectively. Their nitrogen balance were different but normal, however, after irradiation of 400 r the nitrogen balances in the low protein diet group became negative whereas that in the moderate or high protein diet group in general was slightly positive.