[Summary] With the increasing global aging population, osteoporosis vertebral compression fracture ( OVCF) is getting more attention as a big challenge for orthopedic surgeons.Current therapeutic options include conservative treatment, traditional open reduction and internal fixation, percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP), and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP).Due to excellent clinical results on pain relief and function improvement, PVP and PKP, as minimally invasive surgical techniques, now increasingly become more popular for painful OVCF.The review focused on a brief introduction of the current status of the two procedures and a discussion of the future trends of the two techniques.

AIM: To explore the possible signal transduction pathway of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(MPP +)-induced apoptosis. METHODS: The apoptosis of SHSY5Y cells induced by MPP + was observed by acridine orange-ethidium bromide(AO-EB) staining. Western blot was used to detect the activity of JNK in SHSY5Y cells, and the antisense oligo- neucleutide of JNK were used as inhibitor of JNK. RESULTS: MPP + induced apoptosis in SHSY5Y cells. During the apoptotic process, JNK activity increased. MPP +-induced apoptosis in SHSY5Y cells was obviously inhibited by pretreatment with NAC or by transfection with antisense oligonucleotide of JNK into SHSY5Y cells. Simultaneously, decrease in JNK activity and percentage of positive cleaved caspase-3 cells in these groups were also observed. CONCLUSION: The possible signal transduction pathway of MPP +-induced apoptosis in SHSY5Y cells might be attributed to the production of ROS ,activation of JNK and then activation of caspase 3.

Objective To explore the possible molecular mechanism of Ginsenoside Rg1 preventing against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced substantia nigra neurons apoptosis in Parkinson disease(PD) mouse model. Methods C57BL mice were administrated(sc) with MPTP to produce PD mouse model.Different doses of Rg1(5.0,10.0,20.0*!mg/kg) were given(ip) prior 3*!d to MPTP in the pretreatment groups.Nissl staining,tyrosinehydroxythase(TH) immunostatining,cleaved caspase-3 immunostatining and TUNEL staining were used to observe the changes of nigra neurons,meanwhile,Western blot was used to detect the phosphorylated protein of JNK and c-Jun in substantia nigra. Results Pretreatment with Rg1 could prevent the loss of Nissl staining neurons and TH-positive neurons,inhibit JNK and c-Jun phosphorylation in SN,decrease the percent of cleaved caspase-3 and TUNEL-positive cell.Conclusion Rg1 can attenuate MPTP-induced apoptosis in substantia nigra neurons through blocking JNK signaling cascade.

Objective To investigate the gender difference in the smile aesthetic features in aged Han Chinese with normal occlusion and its clinical significance.Methods Fifty-six aged Han Chinese (male:28,female:28,aged 60-66 years)with normal occlusion were included in this study.Smiling images of the resting-position and mandibular postural position were obtained in an anteriorposterior view.The CoSmileMAA1.0 software was used to evaluate the indices associated with the smile-aesthetic features,and its clinical significance was analyzed.Results Significant differences were noted in the nasal ala width,upper lip length,lip clearance,angle oris width in resting-position/ smiling position together with the changes of lip clearance,angle oris width,distance of inferior margin of upper lip to cutting edge of the maxillary incisor teeth,distance of superior border of lower lip to cutting edge of the maxillary incisor teeth,smile line ratio and type of smile (all P＜0.05).When the subjects were smiling,the changes of lip clearance was greater in females than in males [(10.7±1.9)mm vs.(11.3±1.6)mm,P＜0.05],the changes of angle oris width was greater in males than in females [(14.1±1.6)mm vs.(13.4±1.3)mm,P＜0.05],and the smile line ratio was less in males than in females [(0.9±0.2) vs.(1.1±0.5),P＜0.05],which indicate that the females had more attractive smile in aged Han Chinese with normal occlusion than males.The type of smile was mainly high smile in elderly females and median smile in elderly males [53.6％ (15 cases) and 60.7％ (17 cases),x2 =6.43,P＜0.05].Conclusions Significant gender difference is noted in the smile-aesthetic features in aged Han Chinese with normal occlusion.Modulation of maxillary incisor teeth length and smile line ratio can contribute to the aesthetic appearance of smiling.

Objective To compare the knee of patient controlled subcutaneous injection of morphine analge-sia after hip joint replacement ( PCSA ) and intravenous morphine patient-controlled analgesia ( PCIA ) effect and safety of postoperative analgesia.Methods 60 patients undergoing artificial total knee arthroplasty patients were selected and randomly divided into PCIA group of 30 cases,30 cases in group PCSA, two patients were completed under epidural anesthesia in the operation.Group PCIA and group PCSA single dose divided into 1mg/and 2.5mg/, lock time divided into 5min,20min,in the postoperative pain perception,from the patient's own pain medication.After 4h,8h,12h,24h record patient morphine dosage,frequency,pain score (VAPS),mean arterial blood pressure and re-spiratory rate,compose degree,analgesic effects were compared between the two groups.Results In group PCSA after 24h treatment for the total dose was (30.41 ±10.00) mg,significantly higher than that of group PCIA (18.03 ± 6.04)mg,there was significant difference between the two groups (t=3.98,P<0.05);but after each time point of the two groups of patients the average dosage had no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).PCIA group after 0-4h and >4-8h analgesia and sedation were better than those in PCSA group (t=3.4,3.2,3.5,3.7,all P<0.05), PCIA group,the incidence rate of nausea and vomiting was 30%,higher than 12%in the PCSA group,there was sig-nificant difference between the two groups (χ2 =5.76,P<0.05).Conclusion The two kinds of methods of analge-sia has a good analgesic effect,but PCSA analgesia is slower,less adverse reactions,should be given a loading dose at the beginning before PCSA,in order to improve the early analgesia effect.

The paper analyzed on the status quo of postgraduate and undergraduate education of orthodontics in China and seek solutions for improving conjunction between these two different stages by presenting measures in seven respects including grading undergraduate education curricu-lum,launching students seminar,developing students' scientific research activities,adjusting evalua-tion system,emphazing on bilingual teaching,distinguishing types of postgraduates and seting up the communication channel so as to find a proper way for orthodontic education in China.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate powder for inhalation combined ipratropium bromide aerosol in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods One hundred and twenty patients with stable COPD was randomly divided into control group and observation group with 60 patients each.The control group was received ipratropium bromide aerosol inhalation,and the observation group was given salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate powder for inhalation and ipratropium bromide aerosol for 6 months.BODE index,SGRQ scores,plasma cortisol and bone mineral density were compared between two groups before and after treatment.Results BODE index scores had no significant difference between two groups before treatment (P＞0.05).After treatment,BODE index scores,dyspnea scale,FEV1％,6MWD and BODE index total scores in observation group were superior to those in control group [ (1.9 ± 0.5) grades vs. (2.3 ± 0.5)grades,(58.5 ± 7.3)％ vs.(50.4 ± 6.2)％,(411.1 ± 56.8) m vs.(347.5 ± 60.4) m,(3.3 ± 1.0) scores vs.(3.8 ± 1.3 ) scores ],there were significant differences (P＜0.05 ).SGRQ scores had no significant difference between two groups before treatment (P＞0.05 ).After treatment and in SGRQ scores,respiration symptom,limitation of activity,disease influence scores in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group [ (20.7 ± 10.3 ) scores vs.(37.9 ± 14.4) scores,(20.7 ± 9.5 ) scores vs.(34.8 ± 13.0) scores,(16.3 ± 6.7) scores vs.(27.2 ± 11.8) scores,(17.5 ± 7.0) scores vs. (34.6 ± 12.3) scores],there were signiticant differences (P＜0.01 ).There were no significant difference of plasma cortisol and bone mineral density between two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions Salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate powder for inhalation and ipratropium bromide aerosol in patients with stable COPD can greatly improve the lung function and life quality and with less adverse reaction.

Objective To explore the effect of hepatitis B virus(HBV) on the expression of complement 3 (C3) and complement 4 (C4) and its regulatory mechanism.Methods Differentially expressed genes between HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells was screened by gene chip,serum complement component 3 (C3) and 4 (C4) levels in patients with HBV infection and in healthy individuals were measured by Immunoturbidimetry,HBV infectious clone pHBV1.3 was transfected into HepG2 cells,and expression of C3 and C4 was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results Expression of C3 and C4 mRNA was lower in HepG2.2.15 cells than in HepG2 cells,serum C3 and C4 levels was much lower in patients with chronic hepatitis B and hepatic carcinoma as compared to healthy individuals (P＜0.05 ).HBV could downregulate the expression of C3 and C4 at mRNA and protein levels.Conclusion HBV may inhibit the expression both in vivo and in vitro.

Objective To assess the clinical effect and safety of human blood albumin in treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage.Methods 88 patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage were randomly divided into 2 groups. Both group were given routine therapy and 45 cases in the treating group were given additional 10% human blood albumin 100 ml ivgtt once a day for 7 days.14 days served as a treatment course.Neurofunction was compared before and after treatment.Results Both the effective rate (P<0.05) and the neurofunction in the treating group were better than that of the control group (P<0.05).No advert effect happened.Conclusion Human blood albumin is an efiective and safe medicine for treatment of acute cerebral infarction.

Red-based recombineering has been widely used in Escherichia coli genome modification through electroporating PCR fragments into electrocompetent cells to replace target sequences. Some mutations in the PCR fragments may be brought into the homologous regions near the target. To solve this problem in markeless gene deletion we developed a novel method characterized with two-step recombination and a donor plasmid. First, generated by PCR a linear DNA cassette which comprises a I-Sec I site-containing marker gene and homologous arms was electroporated into cells for marker-substitution deletion of the target sequence. Second, after a donor plasmid carrying the I-Sec I site-containing fusion homologous arm was chemically transformed into the marker-containing cells, the fusion arms and the marker was simultaneously cleaved by I-Sec I endonuclease and the marker-free deletion was stimulated by double-strand break-mediated intermolecular recombination. Eleven nonessential regions in E. coli DH1 genome were sequentially deleted by our method, resulting in a 10.59% reduced genome size. These precise deletions were also verified by PCR sequencing and genome resequencing. Though no change in the growth rate on the minimal medium, we found the genome-reduced strains have some alteration in the acid resistance and for the synthesis of lycopene.
Chromosomes, Bacterial ; genetics ; DNA ; Endonucleases ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Genetic Engineering ; methods ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Deletion