Objective To investigate the basic data and quality control indicators of infection monitoring in 67 hospitals in Chongqing area ,and provide basic data for the exploration of hospital infection monitoring norms .Methods According to the sur‐vey of the basic data and quality control index of hospital infection monitoring by the national health planning commission ,a ques‐tionnaire survey was conducted in some medical institutions in Chongqing area ,and the data were collected and analyzed .Results A total of 67 valid questionnaires were collected ,21 for tertiary hospitals ,46 for secondary hospitals ,of which there were 5 teaching hospitals ,47 general hospital ,11 hospital of traditional Chinese medicine ,3 factories hospitals ,1 private hospital .Electronic medical records management system in 67 hospitals accounted for 71 .64% ,the hospital infection information system accounted for 83 .33% ,surgical anesthesia system accounting for 31 .34% ,antimicrobial drug management and monitoring system accounted for 68 .65% .Hospital infection monitoring was mainly based on routine monitoring and target monitoring ,the correct rate of monito‐ring objects was 74 .62% ,and the usage of antibiotics was 44 .78% in the operation room .Monitoring statistics took month as a u‐nit ,accounting for 73 .13% ,the correct rate of P75 value was not high when calculating the risk factors of NNIS operation ,opera‐tion and diagnosis and treatment operation confusion accounted for 97 .01% ,the knowledge and technology of microbiological exam‐ination was relatively low .Conclusion Basic data of hospital infection monitoring and quality control survey can understand the sit‐uation of hospital infection management ,it can help to improve the monitoring level of nosocomial infection by investigating the weak links and strengthening the intervention .

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of clindamycin phosphate in compound phenytoin sodi-um ge1s. Methods:The HPLC analysis was carried out on a ZORBAX SB-C18 column(250 × 46 mm,5 μm)with 0. 1 mol·L-1 KH2PO4 solution(adjusting pH to 2. 5 with H3PO4 solution)-acetonitrile(75:25)as the mobile phase at the flow rate of 0. 8 ml· min-1 . The detection wavelength was 210 nm,the column temperature was 25℃ and the injection volume was 10μl. Results:The lin-ear range of clindamycin phosphate was 3. 00-18. 00 μg(r=0. 999 5). The average recovery was 101. 11%(RSD=0. 34%,n=6). Conclusion:The method is simple,sensitive and reproducible,and can be used in the determination of clindamycin phosphate in com-pound phenytoin sodium gels.

In modern hospital outpatient management, patients should be paid more attention to than hospital management and economic management. Automatic and paperless management is also important. So, the software and hardware all should be updated to gain great social and economic benefit.

Objective To investigate the causes of a healthcare-associated lower respiratory tract infection(HA-LRTI) outbreak due to Enterobacter cloacae(E.cloacae), and provide basis for clinical prevention and control of HAI.Methods Epidemiological data of patients with E.cloacae HA-LRTI following bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) in the departments of respiratory disease and thoracic surgery of a hospital were collected, antimicrobial resistance analysis on isolated pathogens from patients and environment was performed, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used for genotyping.Results On March 8-16, 2013, a total of 15 patients underwent BAL in the fiberobronchoscopy room in the departments of respiratory disease and thoracic surgery of a hospital, 13 of whom developed E.cloacae LRTI, 4 cases were community-associated infection (the initial case was included), the other 9 cases were HAI;8 environmental specimens were detected 2 strains of E.cloacae, the strains were from vacuum suction joint of fiberbronchoscope and scissors used for trimming disposable controllable sputum suction pipeline.15 strains of E.cloacae from environment and patients were screened by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 11 strains were with similar antimicrobial susceptibility testing result, 2 of which were environmental strains, 6 were from inpatients, and 3 were from patients in community.PFGE typing of 11 strains revealed that there were 8 strains with the same genotype, 6 of which were from patients in department of thoracic surgery, 2 were from vacuum suction joint of fiberbronchoscope and scissors used for disposable controllable sputum suction pipeline;the other 3 strains were of the same genotype, and from departments of respiratory disease and thoracic surgery.Conclusion This outbreak is due to contamination of bronchofibroscope by the same E.cloacae strain, the strain is susceptible to the clinic commonly used antimicrobial agents, such events should be paid attention in clinic, the key to control infection is to take necessary measures for cutting off the spread of the epidemic.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP ; metabolism ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 ; pharmacology ; Insulin ; secretion ; Islets of Langerhans ; drug effects ; secretion ; Peptide Fragments ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats

Objective:To investigate the number and distribution of macrophages (Mφ) and natural killer(NK) cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), paraneoplastic,cirrhosis and normal liver tissues and their relationship with the prognosis of HCC patients.　Methods:Surgical specimens from 60 cases of HCC, 62 cases of cirrhosis and 23 cases of normal liver tissues were investigated by immunohistochemical staining of CD68 and CD57 with a streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase detective system.The correlation of the number of Mφ and NK cells in different tissues with the clinical tumor parameters was also studied.　Results:①The order of the number of Mφ from the highest to the lowest was:paraneoplastic,cirrhosis, normal, HCC(P<0.05)；and the number of NK cells from the highest to the lowest was:HCC, paraneoplastic, normal, cirrhosis(P<0.05).②The number of Mφ decreased successively with the decrease of the HCC differentiation(P<0.05)；There was no relationship between the number of NK cells in HCC and histological grade. ③There was no relationship between the number of Mφ in HCC and clinical TNM stage ；The number of NK cells in HCC had degressive tendency with the clinical TNM stage(P<0.05). ④The number of Mφ and NK cells in HCC in the cases with metastasis in 15 months was significantly lower than that without metastasis(P<0.05, 0.01）.⑤There was a linear positive correlation between the number of Mφ and NK cells in HCC (r＝0.344, P<0.05).　Conclusion:The number of Mφ and NK cells in HCC in the cases with metastasis is significantly lower than that without metastasis；The number of Mφ has a close correlation with the HCC differentiation, and positive correlation with the number of NK cells；The number of Mφ and NK cells might be important markers to estimate the immune status and useful factors to predict the prognosis of HCC patients.

Objective:To investigate the number of CD+68 cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),paraneoplastic tissues,cirrhosis tissues and normal liver tissues and their clinical significance.Methods:Surgical specimens from 60 cases of HCC,62 cases of cirrhosis and 23 cases of normal liver were investigated by immunohistochemical staining of CD+68with streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase detective system.Results:(1)The order of the mean number of CD+68cells in the tissues from the highest to the lowest was:paraneoplastic,cirrhosis,normal liver and HCC tissues(P〈0.01);(2)The number of CD+68cells in the tissues decreased successively with the decrease of HCC differentiation (P〈0.05);(3)There was no relationship between the number of CD+68cells in HCC and its clinical TNM stage;(4)The number of CD+68cells in the cases with metastasis within 15 months was significantly lower than that without metastasis (P〈0.05).Conclusion:The number of CD+68cells might be an important marker to estimate the immune status and a useful factor to predict the prognosis of HCC patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of different doses of dexmedetomidine combined with intercostal nerve block in regional adenomammectomy.Methods 112 patients receiving regional adenomammectomy and meeting criterions were selected from Oct.2013 to Oct.2016.And they were divided into control group and low,medium,and high dose group according to table of random number,with 28 cases in each group.Patients of the control group only received intercostal nerve block.Patients of low dose group received low dose of dexmedetomidine (0.7 μg/kg load dose and 0.25μg· kg-1·h-1 maintenance doses) combined with intercostal nerve block.Patients of medium dose group received medium dose of dexmedetomidine (0.7 μg/kg load dose and 0.5 μg·kg-1·h-1 maintenance doses) combined with intercostal nerve block.Patients of high dose group received high dose of dexmedetomidine (0.7 μg/kg load dose and 1 μg· kg-1·h-1 maintenance doses) combined with intercostal nerve block.Mean arterial pressure,heart rate,VAS score and sedation score of the four groups were detected and compared at T0,T1,T2,T3 and T4.Results The mean arterial pressure and heart rate of medium and high dose group were lower than those of the control group and low dose group at T1,T2,T3 (P＜0.05).The mean arterial pressure and heart rate of high dose group were lower than those in medium dose group at T1,T2,T3 (P＜0.05).VAS score of medium and high dose group were lower than those of the control group and low dose group (P＜0.05),while the difference was not statistically significant between medium and high dose group(P＞0.05).The sedation scores of low,medium and high dose groups were higher than those of the control group at T1,T2,T3 and T4 (P＜0.05),while the sedation score of high dose group were higher than those of low and medium dose groups at T1,T2,T3 and T4 (P＜0.05).Conclusion Medium and high dose of dexmedetomidine combined intercostal nerve block can effectively relieve pain for patients undergoing regional adenomammectomy,while high dose of dexmedetomidine is likely to cause bradycardia,hypotension and excessive sedation.Appropriate dosage should be chosen in clinical practice.

Patrolling monocyte (PMo) is a subset of monocytes.Its main function is patrolling vascular endothelium and removing cellular debris from the microvasculature.Studies have revealed that PMo can inhibit the growth of tumor cells,recruiting NK cells to kill tumor cells.PMo can prevent tumor cells metastasis to the lung,which plays a role of immunosurveillance.PMo may be a target for cancer immunotherapy.

Blood Coagulation ; physiology ; Blood Platelets ; metabolism ; Cell Communication ; Factor X ; metabolism ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; metabolism ; Thromboplastin ; metabolism ; physiology