Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; B7-2 Antigen ; analysis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Follow-Up Studies ; Histiocytic Disorders, Malignant ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Sarcoma ; chemistry ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Skin Neoplasms ; chemistry ; drug therapy ; pathology

Objective To analysis the risk factors and drug resistance of multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa(MDRP) infection and to provide the basis for clinical anti-infective therapy .Methods Predisposing factors and drug resistance to clinical commonly used antibacterial drugs of MDRP which were separated from September 2010 to December 2011 were adopted for retro-spective analysis .Results A total of 235 hospital MDRP infection were collected ,97 multidrug resistant strains were concluded ,the separation rate was 41 .2% .The separation rate of ICU and neurosurgery were higher ,account for 35 .54% and 22 .31% respective-ly .The main resource of specimen is respiratory tract ,about 75 .21% .The resistance of MDRP was very serious .The resistant rate of Amikacin was the lowest ,account for 37 .11% ,followed by piperacillin/tazobactam ,ceftazidime ,account for 47 .4% and 48 .45%respectively .The resistant rate of other antimicrobial agents were greater than 50% .Advanced age ,serious underlying diseases ,long hospital stay ,long-term repeated application of broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs ,admission to ICU ,invasive treatment operations were the risk factors for MDRP resistance .Conclusion The resistance is very serious ,in order to reduce the generation and spread of drug-resistant strains ,the hospital infection control ,drug resistance monitoring ,rational use of antimicrobial drugs and prevention of cross-infections should be strengthened .

OBJECTIVETo analyze serum metabonome of patients with breast carcinoma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

METHODSSerum samples from 30 patients with breast carcinoma and 25 normal people were collected. Endogenous metabolites amino acids, fatty acids, saccharides and organic acids were analyzed after derivatization.

RESULTThe injection precision and intra-day precision (RSD) were less than 14.4 %. The method displayed good recovery (80.7 %-118.0 % with RSD<12.0 %) and linearity (r(2)>0.9905). Samples were stable in 24 h at room temperature. The samples were stable through three freeze-thaw cycles (RSD<14.6 %). Alaine,oxalate and glutamine were found with frequency of 96.7 %, 100 % and 93.3 %, respectively, which indicated that they may be the potential biomarkers.

CONCLUSIONThe method is stable and reliable, which may be helpful for the diagnosis of breast cancer as an auxiliary method.

Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; blood ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Humans ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Serum ; chemistry ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the distribution status of coal-burning fluorosis (endemic fluorosis) areas in Luoyang and to provide scientifc evidence for making strategies in prevention and control. Methods In 2006, a household per village was chosen to carry the general survey so as of disease condition, living habits and housing structure among 941 coal-burning pollution fluorine sickness natural villages in Yanshi, Mengjin, Xin'an, Luanchuan counties and Geely area which were under the jurisdiction of Luoyang. In the general survey, the sampled village having a population of more than 500 person was considered as a major survey village, and water fluoride, 8 - 12 year-old child fluorine spot on tooth and the urinary fluoride were surveyed. Water fluoride and the child urinary fluoride determination used the fluoride ion selective electrode method, and the children's dental fluorosis used Dean method. Results The endemic fluorosis of Luoyang existed 742 in endemic fluomsis villages, compared with history, a decrease of 199 in number. Ninety-six point seven per cent( 142 543/147 419) of the households were consuming smoke-free coal. Households using intact kitchens accounted for 93.6%( 137 919/147 419). Of which 63.0%(86 889/137 919) of kitchens were mixed up with bedrooms. Total 125 060 people were using coal- fired furnace for heating, of which 87.8%(109 802/125 060) had smoke-free facilities, 12.2%(15 258/125 060) had none. Among 52 endemic villages with population of more than 500 people surveyed, a total of 183 water samples were collected, 2 had water fluoride exceeding 1.0 rag/L, the highest water fluoride being 1.04 rag/L, averaging 0.39 mg/L Sixteen villages had a prevalence rate of dental fluorosis for children less than 30.00%, accounting for 30.8% (16/52), 36 endemic villages the prevalence of dental fluorosis detection rate of more than 30.00%, accounting for 69.2%(36/52). Twenty-thrce villages had a dental fluorosis index greater than 0.6, severe dental fluorosis was not found. Real-time measurement of 1408 urine samples of children aged 8 - 12 showed that urine fluoride highest value 6.88 nag/L, the minimum value of 0.10 mg/L, geometric mean 1.10 mg/L. The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis for children was 36.06%. Conclusions In Luoyang city, numbers of coal-burning endemic fluorosis villages are less than before, children's dental fluorosis has significantly declined, however some people still use kitchens connecting with bedrooms and lack smoke-free facilities, they need to be educated to change lifestyle and improve furnace to reduce soot fluoride pollution.

Objective To study the effect of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)on the endo-pulmonary natrium channel(ENaC)expression in the lung of rats with acute lung injured.Method Sixteen rats were randomly divided into normal control group and LPS-group.Rats of normal control group and LPS-group were killed at 6 hours after intravenous injection of normal saline(8 ml/kg)or LPS(8 mg/kg).The extent of lung injury was assessed by arterial blood gas analysis and histological examination.At the same time,?-ENaC protein and???- ENaC mRNA expression in the lung tissue were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.Results PaO_2 in LPS-group was noticeably lower than in normal control group(P

The herbs used as the material for traditional Chinese medicine are mostly planted at mountain areas where there is appropriate weather condition. Due to the complex terrain condition in mountain area, the planting at such places is always associated with a scattered pattern, which inevitably bring difficulty to the work of accurate measurement for the planting area. Advanced research about monitoring the planting area for medicine-herb under complex environmental condition is so critical and meaningful for developing the medicine-herb planting to a large scale and an industry. Therefore, this research, taking the planting of Herpetospermum pedunculosum in Luding county as an example, utilizes RS&GIS: using the image data from TM and ETM datum as the remote sensing information source, integrating GPS data from quadrat survey on the spots, and analyzing on a GIS platform, to extract the planting area of H. pedunculosum in Luding county. The results indicate that: (1) the method and technology used to estimate the planting area of H. pedunculosum are feasible and can be applied to monitoring the planting area of medicine-herb at mountain area under complex environmental conditions: (2) the planting area of H. pedunculosum in Luding county is estimated to be 857. 246 acres by the methods utilized in this research, which is closed to the value from local statistical data with an error range less than 5%; (3) in consideration of those inevitable errorrs generating from the procedures such as remote sensing data acquisition, data preprocessing, data interpretation, and so on, and the fact that the classification of remote sensing data, which must be implemented by those above procedures, was used directly to extract the herb type, the accuracy of area estimation for the herb is significantly influenced by the accuracy of classification for herb type, and the estimated area is inevitably associated with some error.
China ; Cucurbitaceae ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Geographic Information Systems ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Remote Sensing Technology ; methods

OBJECTIVETo explore the proliferation and invasive effects of inhibitors of kinase 4(INK4)(P15(ink4b) and P16(ink4a)/CDKN2) gene protein activation on RKO human colorectal cell in vivo and in vitro.

METHODSRKO human colorectal cell line was exposed to the specific DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-CdR and INK4(P15(ink4b) and P16(ink4a)/CDKN2) protein expression was detected by Western blotting. Soft agar cloning experiment and Transwell chamber assay were used to detect the proliferative and invasive ability in vitro. Tumorigenicity in nude mice was analyzed in vivo.

RESULTSINK4(P15(ink4b) and P16(ink4a)/CDKN2) protein expression of RKO human colorectal cells after exposure to 1×10(-7), 5×10(-7) and 1×10(-6) mol/L 5-Aza-CdR concentrations(A, B, C groups) were 1.13, 1.38, 1.92 folds and 1.11, 1.45, 2.14 folds compared to positive control group respectively. Soft agar cloning experiment showed the number of cell colony significantly decreased from 36.8±5.1(positive control group) to 32.4±7.2, 21.3±5.4 and 19.5±6.4 (3 experiment groups, all P<0.05) respectively. Transwell chamber assay showed that migrated cell number in positive control group(67.4±7.2) was significantly higher than those of 3 experimental groups(35.3±4.6, 29.5±7.3 and 25.3±6.2, respectively). The tumor volume of metastasis model in nude mice was inhibited in experimental groups, but not significantly lower compared to control group (P>0.05). There were significant differences of tumor weight and inhibition rate between control group and 3 experimental groups in nude mice respectively(all P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONINK4(P15(ink4b) and P16(ink4a)/CDKN2) protein activation can inhibit tumor proliferation, migration and suppress the tumor formation ability.

Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Transcriptional Activation

To produce specific monoclonal antibody (McAb) against human thrombomodulin (hTM), the full-length hTM cDNA-expressing plasmid pThr402 was transfected into CHO cells by Lipofectamine 2000 reagent. The hTM-expressing CHO cells, which was confirmed by flow cytometry and Western blot, were obtained by G418 selection. Then the McAb against hTM was prepared with classic hybridoma technique. A cell line of CHO-TM5 with high level of hTM was used to immunize female Balb/c mice 3 times at an interval of 4 weeks. On the third day after the third immunization, mice were sacrificed and spleen cells were harvested to prepare hybridoma cells with SP2/0 cells at the ratio of 10 to 1. Hybridoma cells were then cultured at 96-well plates for screening. Cellular enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (CELISA) was applied twice. The first CELISA was done with polythene ELISA plate with a monolayer of CHO-TM5 cells. The positive clones from the first screen were then selected by reacting with similar screening ELISA plate but with CHO cell monolayer instead. Only clones that were positive for the first screening and negative for the second screening were kept, and called as CHO-TM5(+)CHO(-) hybridoma cells. Balb/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with the selected hybridoma cells. Ascites were collected and monoclonal antibodies were purified using FPLC, and its Ig class, subclass, and titer were then determined respectively. The specificity of the yielded McAb was identified with CELISA, flow cytometry, ABC immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. One line of hybridoma cells with high expression of specific McAb against hTM, NH-1, was obtained. The Ig subclass of the McAb was IgG1 and the titer of ascitic McAb was 1x10(-6). Flow cytometry, CELISA and Western blot assays demonstrated that McAb NH-1 could specifically recognize hTM expressed in CHO-TM5 cells and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. Meanwhile, the tissue specificity of antigen recognized by McAb NH-1 was identified by immunohistochemical ABC staining. NH-1 can specifically recognize the natural hTM expressed mainly in vascular endothelial cells, which will potentially be useful for investigation of the functions and clinic values of hTM.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Antibody Specificity ; CHO Cells ; Cricetulus ; Female ; Humans ; Hybridomas ; secretion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Thrombomodulin ; immunology ; Transfection

AIMTo study the effects of FAK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway and FAK antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration and adhesion stimulated by fibronectin (FN).

METHODSMigration and adhesion of cultured SMCs were stimulated by different concentrations of FN, FAK, ERK1/2. And their phosphorylation were detected by immunoprecipitation and Western blot. FAK antisense ODNs were transfected into SMCs by cationic lipid to investigate its modulatory effects on tyrosine phosphorylation, SMCs migration and adhesion were also measured by modifing Boyden Chamber and morphological enumeration, respectively.

RESULTSFAK were expressed when SMCs adhesion and migration were successfully simulated by FN (5, 10, 20, 40, 60 micrograms.mL-1), high contents of FAK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were detected by 20 micrograms.mL-1 FN or more. FAK antisense ODNs were transfected efficiently by cationic lipid. FAK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were inhibited magnificently after FAK antisense ODNs transfection. Cell migration stimulated by FN 10, 20, 40 and 60 micrograms.mL-1 were reduced by 23.26%, 21.63%, 19.31% and 17.88% respectively (P < 0.05). SMCs adhesive spreading in 5-60 micrograms.mL-1 FN groups were reduced by 17.89%-27.67% (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONFAK-ERK1/2 mediated signal transduction play important roles in SMCs migration and adhesion stimulated by extracellular matrix. The process can be inhibited by FAK antisense ODNs effectively.

Animals ; Aorta ; cytology ; Cell Adhesion ; drug effects ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibronectins ; pharmacology ; Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 ; Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; biosynthesis ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; biosynthesis ; metabolism ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; cytology ; drug effects ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense ; pharmacology ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the test-retest reliability of Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire in nurses and to provide supplementary data for evaluating the reliability of the questionnaire in different occupational populations.

METHODSNordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was translated into Chinese according to the Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. We carried out a study to examine the reliability of Chinese-version Nordic Questionnaire among Chinese nurses. This study was conducted in 120 nurses recruited from our hospital, who underwent questionnaire survey twice within one week. The test-retest reliability of questionnaire was analyzed.

RESULTSThe Chinese-version Nordic Questionnaire showed a high test-retest reliability, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.72∼1.00.

CONCLUSIONThe Chinese-version Nordic Questionnaire has a high test-retest reliability in nurses, so it can be used for the screening and epidemiological investigation of musculoskeletal disorders in this population.

Humans ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; diagnosis ; Nurses ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires