OBJECTIVEExercise induced oscillatory ventilation (EIOB) during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is associated with severity and prognosis of disease, but clinical approach for the character of EIOB due to circulatory dysfunction are seldom reported.

METHODSThis retrospective analysis of symptom-limited maximum CPET data with an increment of 10-20 W/min in 38 patients with CHF. We calculated the duration, frequency, amplitude and other parameters of EIOB.

RESULTSThere were 31 presenting with EIOB (82%) in all patients with CHF. In EIOB group, VE amplitude were (12.4 ± 4.4)L/min (accounting for 81% ± 30% of mean) and duration were (77.0 ± 20.0)s. The number of patients whose EIOB presenting at rest, exercise, recovery stage and the whole eriod were 24, 31, 4 and 4, respectively. Except VE, there were VO2, VCO2, RER and PETO2 presenting EIOB in all 31 patients; VE/VCO2, VO2/VE and breath frequency in 29 patients; PETCO2 in 26 patients; VT and VO2/HR in 25 patients; and HR in 2 patients.

CONCLUSIONEIOB may occur in any period of CPET, mostly in severe patient with CHF, and presenting in many variables. Due to it is resulted from the circulatory dysfunction, we should call it circulatory (cardiac) oscillatory breathing abnormality.

Exercise Test ; Heart Failure ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Oxygen Consumption ; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena ; Retrospective Studies

Recombinant humanized anti-ricin monoclonal antibody (MIL50) is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody targeting ricin. In this study, an ELISA method was used to establish a method for the determination of MIL50 in macaque serum, and a cross design method was used. Twelve rhesus monkeys were intravenously injected 1 mg·kg^-1 test preparation (MIL50 freeze-died powder injection) and reference preparation (MIL50 liquid preparation) to determine the plasma concentration of MIL50 at different time points, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed to compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of MIL50 liquid preparation and freeze-died powder injection in rhesus monkeys. Animal welfare and experimental procedures follow the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Use of Laboratory Animals and the regulations derived by the Animal Care and Welfare Committee of the Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (IACUC-DWZX-2020-503). The results showed that there was no significant difference between C_max and AUC_0-5d in the two groups. The liquid preparation was the reference preparation, with C_max ratio of 101.6% and AUC_0-5d ratio of 101.9%, the 90% confidence interval of C_max was 79.42%-129.92%, and the 90% confidence interval of AUC_0-5d was 85.72%-121.18%. These results suggested that different dosage forms of MIL50 had certain differences in the changes of blood drug concentration in rhesus monkeys.

OBJECTIVETo assess the safety of dietary lead and cadmium intake in 3 areas of Zhejiang province.

METHODSUsing the total dietary study method, the study was conducted in 3 regions which represented coastal, city and rural areas in Zhejiang province from 2009 to 2010. The dietary survey was conducted on the residents (512 subjects) and the categories and volume of food consumption were obtained. The analytical food samples were obtained by food consumption survey, food aggregation, food sampling and preparation. The food samples were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The safety of dietary lead and cadmium intake was evaluated.

RESULTSThe median dietary lead intake (P₅₀) in Zhejiang province was 37.8 µg/d. The 97.5% dietary lead intake (P₉₇.₅) was 72.3 µg/d. The P₅₀ dietary lead intakes of different age and gender groups ranged from 23.2 to 44.2 µg/d. The P₉₇.₅ dietary lead intakes of different age and gender groups ranged from 34.2 to 88.1 µg/d. The P₅₀ dietary cadmium intake in Zhejiang province was 9.6 µg/d. The P₉₇.₅ dietary cadmium intake was 15.7 µg/d. The P₅₀ dietary cadmium intakes of different age and gender groups ranged from 6.4 to 11.4 µg/d, accounting 15.6% - 42.6% of PTMI (provisional tolerable monthly intake, 25 µg/kg). The P₉₇.₅ dietary cadmium intakes of different age and gender groups ranged from 10.5 to 21.4 µg/d, accounting 27.5% - 77.6% of PTMI. Vegetable (11.3 µg), cereal (11.0 µg) and meat (9.8 µg) were the first three food sources which accounted for 84.9% of dietary lead (P₅₀: 37.8 µg/d). Cereal (3.6 µg), vegetable (2.1 µg) and legume (0.9 µg) were the first three food sources which accounted for 68.8% of dietary cadmium (P₅₀: 9.6 µg/d).

CONCLUSIONDietary lead and cadmium intakes of most residents in 3 areas of Zhejiang province as well as the average level are safe.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cadmium ; analysis ; China ; Diet Surveys ; Female ; Food Contamination ; analysis ; Humans ; Lead ; analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression and significance of Clusterin in normal prostate, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer.

METHODSClusterin expression in samples of 12 normal prostate, 15 BPH, and 56 prostate cancer were studied by immunohistochemical stain.

RESULTSOf 83 cases, 67 are positive or weak positive (81%). The rate of positive or weak positive for normal prostate, BPH and prostate cancer was 17% (2/12), 73% (11/15), and 96% (54/56) respectively. The expression level of Clusterin in prostate cancer was much higher than in normal prostate (t = 8.82, P < 0.01). BPH (t = 7.63, P < 0.01) was related positively with pathological grade (r = 0.649, P < 0.01) and stage (r = 0.609, P < 0.01) of prostate cancer.

CONCLUSIONClusterin may play an important role in the biological characteristics of prostate cancer by the anti-apoptosis pathway.

Apoptosis ; Clusterin ; metabolism ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Prostate ; metabolism ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology

Healthy Beagle dogs were administrated with batroxobin by intravenous infusion at high, medium and low doses. The study of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics was intended to clarify the relevance of them and provided strong evidence for clinical use of batroxobin. The blood samples were collected after injection based on the time schedule and samples were tested by ELISA method to get the concentration of batroxobin. At the same time, changes of prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (Fib) and D-dimmer were tested. The results showed that the concentration of D-D increased significantly after administration compared with that of before administration. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: t1/2 were (2.27 +/- 0.42) h, (10.65 +/- 2.19) h and (11.01 +/- 3.51) h; C(max) were (11.9 +/- 1.72) ng x mL(-1), (154.53 +/- 12.38) ng x mL(-1) and (172.14 +/- 47.33) ng x mL(-1); AUC(last) were (29.38 +/- 3.69) ng xh x mL(-1), (148.43 +/- 72.85) ng x h x mL(-1) and (599.22 +/- 359.61) ng x h x mL(-1). The elimination of batroxobin was found to be in accord with linear kinetics characteristics. The results of pharmacodynamics showed that D-dimmer level increased significantly after the administration of batroxobin, which was similar with the changes of batroxobin plasma concentration. Simultaneously, Fib concentrations in Beagle dog blood decreased significantly after the iv administration of batroxobin, while recovered to base level after 48 hours. PT, TT and APTT significantly became longer after administration, which returned to normal level after 48 hours. Especially, the D-dimmer levels and the batroxobin concentration in plasma after intravenous infusion of the drug were synchronized in Beagle dogs. Changes between PD/PK results had obvious correlation, and the D-dimmer levels in plasma can be one of the important monitoring indicators of batroxobin in thrombolytic medication.
Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Batroxobin ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Dogs ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products ; metabolism ; Fibrinogen ; metabolism ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Male ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Prothrombin Time ; Thrombin Time

Objective To discuss the optimal clinical diagnosis and treatment of ectopic ACTH syndrome with occult tumors. Methods Clinical features, imaging examinations and treatment of 17 patients with ectopic ACTH syndrome were described and compared. Results All patients illustrated the typical clinical features of Cushing’s syndrome. They had hypokalemic alkalosis, elevated serum cortisol and plasma ACTH levels. In the high-dose dexamethasone suppression tests, most patients failed to suppress serum cortisol and 24-hour urinary cortisol. CT and MRI are useful imaging modalities to localize the ACTH-secreting tumor in patients with ectopic ACTH syndrome. The patients with overt ACTH-secreting tumors had surgical curative resection soon after diagnosis. Among patients with occult ACTH-secreting tumors, three underwent subtotal bilateral adrenalectomy, two underwent right adrenalectomy, four received inhibitor of steroidogenesis aminoglutethimide. Their hypercortisolism was controlled. Conclusion Surgical curative resection is the optimal treatment of ectopic ACTH syndrome with overt ACTH-secreting tumor. Bilateral adrenalectomy, right adrenal ectomy or chemotherapy to control hypercortisolism is an available treatment of ectopic ACTH syndrome with occult ACTH-secreting tumors.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension in Songnan community so as to provide evidence for the early prevention of hypertension.Methods Cluster sampling was employed,and questionnaire survey was performed in 10 185 residents aged above 40 years in Songnan community of Baoshan District.The questionnaires involved with hypertension and associated risk factors.Results The prevalence of hypertension was 49.9% in Songnan community of Baoshan District,and that of men was significantly higher than that of women(53.7% vs 47.3%)(P

Objective To study the role and mechanism of orexin A in cell viability of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cell model PC12. Methods PC12 cells were treated with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μmol/L Aβ25-35 for 24 h, and then, cell viability was measured by MTT to confirm which concentration was the suitable one to establish the AD cell models. (1) AD cell models were treated with 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 2μmol/L orexin A for 24 h, and then, 30μmol/L Aβ25-35 was added for 24 h; MTT assay was used to determine the cell viability to conform the suitable concentration of orexin A. (2) Inverted phase contrast microscope was employed to observe the morphology changes of PC12 cells from the control group, 30 μmol/L Aβ25-35 treatment group, and 0.01 μmol/L orexin A+30 μmol/L Aβ25-35 treatment group. (3) The PC12 cells were given pretreatment of orexin A receptor inhibitor SB408124 for 2 h, and cell viability was detected. Results (1) Aβ25-35 at concentration 30μmol/L was the suitable one to establish the AD cell models;after being pretreated with different concentrations of orexin A, the cell viability showed significant differences (F=27.120, P=0.000), and 0.01μmol/L orexin A was the suitable concentration. (2) Some of the cells from the 30μmol/L Aβ25-35 treatment group had breaking-off of protuberance and damaged soma;cells from 0.01μmol/L orexin A+30μmol/L Aβ25-35 treatment group had breaking-off of protuberance, and the degree of damaged soma was eased as compared with that in the 30μmol/L Aβ25-35 treatment group. (3) If the cell viability of the control group was 100％, cell viability of orexin A receptor inhibitor group was 109.10％±0.36％, which was significantly decreased as compared with that in the 0.01 μmol/L orexin A pretreated group (117.24％±2.72％, P<0.05). Conclusion Orexin A can improve the cell viability via combination of its specific receptor; orexin A and its specific receptor may be new targets for prevention and cure of AD.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between birth defects and dietary nutrient intake in a high risk area of China.

METHODSA dietary survey was performed and serum folic acid was measured in women whose pregnancy was affected by neural tube defects (NTDs) or unaffected by any birth defects (BDs) in Zhongyang and Jiaokou Counties in Shanxi Province of China.

RESULTSThe local average consumption of foods including dark green vegetables, fruits, fat and meat, and nutrient intake (e.g., energy, protein, retinol, riboflavin, vitamin E, and selenium) were lower than the national average level. In women of childbearing age, these regions, the intake of nutrients was much lower than the recommended nutrient intake (9%-77%). The case-control dietary nutrition study of women whose pregnancy was affected by BDs (including NTDs and congenital heart defects) demonstrated that, in early pregnancy, adequate nutrition (i.e., eating meat, fresh vegetables, fruit more than once a week) was a protective factor, while eating germinated potatoes was a risk factor. The geometrical mean (p5-p95) of serum folic acid in women with NTD birth defects was 9.6 nmol/L (3.6, 23.03), which was significantly lower than that in normal women (14.03 nmol/L).

CONCLUSIONWomen of childbearing age in the two counties of Shanxi Province, China, have a marked insufficient intake of some nutrients, especially folic acid, zinc, vitamins A and B12. This nutrient deficiency may be an important risk factor for the high prevalence of birth defects in these regions. Therefore, adequate dietary nutrition in early pregnancy can prevent BDs.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Folic Acid ; blood ; Humans ; Incidence ; Middle Aged ; Neural Tube Defects ; epidemiology ; Nutritional Status ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To establish a quantitative analysis method for determining 99mTc-HYNIC-PEG4-E[PEG4-c(RGDfK)]2 (99mTc-3PRGD2,a radioactive tumor agent)byγcounter, and to investigate the distribution of 99mTc-3PRGD2 in mice bearing with lung carcinoma xenograft. Methods The mice were divided into 4 normal groups and one blocking peptide group(control group). The 99mTc-3PRGD2(8μg/kg)was injected to mice bearing with lung carcinoma xenograft through the tail intravenous administration. Tissues of the normal mice were taken at 0.5,1,2 and 4 h. The control group were treated by 3PRGD2 and 99mTc-3PRGD2. The control mice were injected with the 3PRGD2 saline solution(2.5 mg/ml,0.2 ml)at 0.5 h earlier before the injection of 99mTc-3PRGD2. The tu?mor and organ tissues of the control mice were taken at 2 h. The radioactivity was detected by Gamma Counter. Results The radioac?tivity of 99mTc-3PRGD2 detected was high in the tumor and very low in brain. In addition,high radioactivity in kidneys and bladder sug?gested that the drug excreted by renal. Conclusion The results proved that the blocking peptide can competitively inhibit the combi?nation of 99mTc-3PRGD2 and integrinαvβ3 receptors.