Sonic hedgehog(Shh) is a member of the hedgehog family in vertebrate. The Shh signaling pathway is mainly composed of a secreted glycoprotein, named Shh, two transmembrane proteins (Ptch and Smo) and the downstream transcription factor family Glis. It plays a vital role in the embryo development, especially in the neuronal system. Recent study have demonstrated that the Shh pathway is closely associated with the tumorigenesis of various tumors. Glioma, the most common malignant brain tumor of humans, is characterized by the rapid proliferation, infiltrative growth and high rate of relapse, and it is one of the brain tumors with poorest prognosis. Abnormal activation of multiple signaling pathways has been known to enhance the proliferation ability of glioma cells. Moreover, glioma is composed of various tumor cells and the glioma stem cells were endowed with the ability of self-renewal and unlimited proliferation, which plays a key role in the tumorigenesis, progress and relapse. Evidence has been found that Shh signaling pathway is closely assoicated with tumorigenesis of glioma. Herein we review the current knowledge on the components of Shh signaling pathway and its role in the tumorigenesis of glioma and glioma stem cells.

Objective To evaluate whether susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) can be used in definition of penumbra during acute stage of cerebral infarction,compared with perfusion weighted imaging (PWI).Methods Ischemic stroke patients within 3 days after onset were included.They adopted multimodal magnetic resonance imaging examination,including regular magnetic resonance imaging sequence (T1 WI,T2 WI and T2-weight fast fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery),diffusion weighted imaging (DWI),PWI and SWI.Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score was done on DWI,SWI and PWI.The mismatch of SWI-DWI (minimal indensity projection (mIP)-DWI) was compared with that of PWI-DWI (mean transit time (MTT)-DWI) and analyzed statistically.The application of prominent vein (PV) on SWI as a sort of alternation of cerebral blood volume (CBV) and direct observation of thrombosis in arteries on SWI were done.Results The SWI-DWI (2.39 ± 1.42) and the MTT-DWI (2.72 ± 1.49) mismatch showed no statistically significant difference (r =0.726,P ＞ 0.05).The grade of PV was positively related with the CBV of the ipsilateral brain tissue on admission (r =0.564,P ＜ 0.05).SWI showed the similar ability with magnetic resonance angiography to judge responsible blood vessels with susceptibility vessel sign.Conclusion SWI-DWI can evaluate the ischemic penumbra.PV may reflect the increased blood volume of the lesion side of the brain tissue.SWI can reveal the thrombosis of the responsible vessels.

Objective:To optimize the culture system for the mesenchymal stem cells from the Placenta Chorion (hCMSC) in vitro by adding the selected cytokines to amplify the hCMSC effectively,with furthermore some preliminary analysis of the hCMSC performed.Methods:Immunohistochemistry was applied to show the localization of the mesenchymal stem cells within the placenta chorion,then the corresponding part of chorion was digested by collagenase Ⅳ to get the cell suspension for primary culture and subculture;Flow Cytometry was used to detect the surface marker of hCMSC,whose proliferation was detected by direct cell counting and the MTT method;then Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA),and DMSO was used combinedly as the inducer in the differentiation of the hCMSC to the neuron like cells,which was then detected by Immunofluorescence staining for the expression of NSE;finally RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of flt3.Results:The result of immunohistochemistry showed CD105~-,CD90~- positive hCMSC was much easier to be found around the blood vessels within the villous of chorion,which then could be obtained by mechanical dissociation and collagenase digestion.bFGF was good at amplifying the hCMSC among all selected cytokines,but FL was showed even obviously effective on the proliferation of the hCMSC.The propagating cells were found to highly express CD73,CD90,CD105;and negative for CD14,CD34,CD45 and HLA-DR.We also found that the hCMSC happened to express PDL-1 the negative co-stimulatory molecules,while their potential to different into the neuron like cells was still well maintained.Conclusion::There is low immunogenicity mesenchymal stem cells within the placenta chorion,both bFGF,FL are shown good effects on the proliferation of the hCMSC,with maintaining their differentiation potential as well.

Objective To determinate the risk factors of gout in patients with hyperuricemia.Methods Patients detected with hyperuricemia both in epidemiological survey of Shandong coastal areas in 2004 and in health examination of our hospital were followed up for three years to observe the incidence of gout, relationship of diet and gout, and changes of biochemical indicators.Results During 3 years, 102 patients (19%) out of 536 patients with hyperuricemia developed gout. Age(OR=1.046, P＜0.05), serum uric acid(OR=1.021, P＜0.05), fasting plasma glucose(OR=1.021, P＜0.05), triglyceride(OR=1.008, P＜0.05), tony crab intake ( OR=5.992, P＜0.05),and beer intake(OR=1.012, P＜0.05) were the risk factors of gout attack in patients with hyperuricemia.Conclusions Excess intake of tony crab and beer resulting in fluctuation of serum uric acid is the main risk factor of gout in patients with hyperuricemia. Correcting metabolic disorder of glucose and lipid, reducing the intake of high-purine food, and controlling the level of serum uric acid are the measures to reduce gout attack.

OBJECTIVETo investigate HIF-1α gene expression in human breast cancer cells and the role of HIF-1 in tumor metastasis and invasion.

METHODSHuman breast cancer cell lines were cultured under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Western blot was used to evaluate the protein expression of HIF-1α, p-vimentin and α-tubulin. Small interfering RNA targeting HIF-1α was used to block the expression of HIF-1α in MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cell lines. Matrigel transwell and cell wound healing assays were used to detect the capability of cellular invasion and migration, respectively.

RESULTSUnder normoxic condition, all the cell lines tested showed a base-level of HIF-1α expression. The highest expression level of HIF-1α protein was obtained in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, which is also noticed to be highly invasive and migratory in behavior. HIF-1α siRNA was capable of blocking the protein expression of both HIF-1α and p-vimentin and in addition, the attenuated ability of invasion and migration.

CONCLUSIONSince HIF-1 is able to promote invasion and metastasis of tumor cells, which may be considered as a target in anti-cancer therapy.

Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Phosphorylation ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Objective To explore the clinical features,genetic causes and prognosis of intellectual disability with epilepsy(ID-E)in children.Methods The data of unknown causes of ID-E children(n=40)who were identified in Department of Pediatrics,Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from March 2015 to March 2016 were respectively analyzed,and follow-up studies were performed to investigate the epilepsy control and intellectual deve-lopment.Results Forty unexplained ID-E included 25(62.5％)male,and 34(85.0％)cases were severe intellectual disability patients.The onset age of epilepsy was 0.16 to 8.00 years old,median age was 1.5 years old.Twenty cases(50.0％)had slow electroencephalogram background,and 22 cases(55.0％)had focal spikes.Ten cases(25.0％)had abnormal cranial images,with brain dysplasia or atrophy.Follow-up lasted from 0.58 to 1.58 years,and 19 cases(47.5％)had seizure control.Twenty-five cases(62.5％)had used at least 2 anti-epilepsy drugs during follow-up,and 19 cases(47.5％)had drug refractory epilepsy.Improvement of mental or motor development in epilepsy controlled group and the uncontrolled group were 12 cases(63.2％)and 2 cases(9.5％).There were separately 8 cases(8/40 cases,20.0％)and 3 cases(3/16 cases,18.8％)diagnosed respectively by whole genome-wide analysis of copy number variants(CNVs)and gene-panel whose CNVs test findings were negative.Conclusions ID-E patients of unknown causes have the following clinical features:they were mostly found in male patients with severe intellectual disability,and drug refractory epilepsy patients have rather high percentage;well controlling of epilepsy is useful for improvement of mental and motor development.Genetic analysis is significant for control and prognosis of ID-E patients,and genome-wide CNVs have high positive rates which can be used as first-tier test to detect genetic etiology of ID-E of unknown cause.

To explore the correlation between the cognitive functions and syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and to provide evidence for clinical syndrome differentiation treatment.

Carcinoma, Medullary ; pathology ; Duodenal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans

OBJECTIVE To develop a non-paper,interactive,multiplex medium way,and to obtain the information disinfection protection on second level of time.METHODS Using the computer,the touchscreen,the personal digital assistant(PDA),the general packet radio service(GPRS),the pronounciation(man-machine conversation),the video frequency and the other advanced technology methods,to study and develop an electronic version of intelligent search engine system for disinfection protection.RESULTS Touching namely attained the applied and guided information,such as to fulfil exactly the disinfection technology standard for the medical workers in medical establishments,to provide the post work instruction;to correctly guide the disinfection protection for common family;and to build the communication platfrom with the enterprisers in order to meet the demand for disinfection protection appliances from the society,hospital and family.CONCLUSIONS The intelligent search engine system is feasible applying to use.

A field demonstration of reduction of lead availability in a soil and cabbage (Brassica Chinensis L.) contaminated by mining tailings, located in Shaoxing, China was carried out to evaluate the effects of applications of phosphorus fertilizers on Pb fractionation and Pb phyto-availability in the soil. It was found that the addition of all three P fertilizers including single super phosphate (SSP), phosphate rock (PR), and calcium magnesium phosphate (CMP) significantly decreased the percentage of water-soluble and exchangeable (WE) soil Pb and then reduced the uptake of Pb, Cd, and Zn by the cabbage compared to the control (CK). The results showed that the level of 300 g P/m(2) soil was the most cost-effective application rate of P fertilizers for reducing Pb availability at the first stage of remediation, and that at this P level, the effect of WE fraction of Pb in the soil decreased by three phosphorus fertilizers followed the order: CMP (79%)>SSP (41%)>PR (23%); Effectiveness on the reduction of Pb uptake by cabbage was in the order: CMP (53%)>SSP (41%)>PR (30%). Therefore our field trial demonstrated that it was effective and feasible to reduce Pb availability in soil and cabbage contaminated by mining tailings using P fertilizers in China and PR would be a most cost-effective amendment.
Biodegradation, Environmental ; drug effects ; Brassica ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Fertilizers ; Industrial Waste ; analysis ; prevention & control ; Lead ; analysis ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Mining ; Phosphates ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Soil Pollutants ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics