This paper aims to develop a method for the determination of aloe-emodin, rhein, chrysophanol and physcion and study the pharmacokinetic properties of four anthraquinones in rat plasma after oral administration of gardenia and rhubarb decoction. The plasma concentrations at different time points of four anthraquinones were determined by HPLC-FLD method. Plasma samples were extracted with liquid-liquid extraction procedure. Plasma samples were separated on a C18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 μm), using 0.2% acetic acid and methanol as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min(-1) with gradient elution. The excitation and emission wavelengths were set at 430, 525 nm, respectively. DAS 2.0 software was applied to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. The results showed four anthraquinones can be absorbed. The main parameters of aloe-emodin, rhein, chrysophanol and physcion were as follows: C(max) for aloe-emodin was (0.085 ± 0.058), (3.772 ± 1.152), (0.464 ± 0.267), (0.028 ± 0.008) mg x L(-1) respectively; t(max) for rhein was (1.042 ± 0.510), (0.805 ± 0.307), (1.167 ± 0.283), (0.616 ± 0.162) h respectively; t½ for chrysophanol was (3.557 ± 1.250), (6.879 ± 1.126), (5.196 ± 2.032), (4.337 ± 1.816) h; AUC(0-t) for physcion was (0.504 ± 0.130), (9.558 ± 1.106), (2.545 ± 1.554), (0.052 ± 0.018) mg x h x L(-1). This paper developed a selective, accurate and sensitive HPLC-FLD method for the simultaneous determination of four anthraquiones in rat plasma.
Animals ; Anthraquinones ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

50Gy gave better survivals.Conclusion Age,tumor histology,ex- tent of resection,interval time of postoperative radiotherapy and the dosage of target were related to survival.

It is a trend that innovate the traditional bilingual education model and select a new teaching model.Code-switching is a lingual phenomenon when a passages or articles are expressed with two or more language.To guarantee effect of bilingual education and improve education quality,penetration bilingual education was applied during microbiology teaching.Professional English vocabulary,words,passages or articles were introduced to students timely and by measure by the way of language code-switching.The results showed that bilingual teaching mode with language code-switching inspire study emotion and self-confidence of English expression from students.

AIM:To compare the higher-order aberrations between implantations of AcrySof and AcrySof ReStor multifocal aspherical intraocular lens(IOL) with various pupil diameters.METHODS:Fifty-four patients(62 eyes)with bilateral senile cataracts were retrospectively selected.Patients were operated with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation.They were divided into two groups based on the IOL implantation of AcrySof IQ and AcrySof ReStor.Wave front aberration:spherical aberration(C12)and the root mean square of the total higher-order aberration(RMSh)were observed 3 months after surgery.RESULTS:The larger the pupil was, the higher the C12 and RMSh were in the eyes (P<0.01).There were no statistical differences in C12 or RMSh between two groups at 5, 6 or 7mm pupil diameters (P>0.05). CONCLUSION:There are no differences between AcrySof IQ group and AcrySof ReStor group at 5, 6 or 7mm pupil diameters.

AIM To establish the quality standard for Pogonostemon auricularius (L.) Hassk..METHODS The original,characteristic and microscopic features of P.auricularius were identified,after which TLC was used for qualitative identification,HPLC was adopted in the content determination of verbascoside,and the contents of water,total ash,acid-insoluble ash,extract were determined by Chinese Pharmacopoeia methods.RESULTS The clear TLC plots displayed good reproducibility.Verbascoside showed a good linear relationship within the range of 0.102-2.04 μg (r =0.999 98),whose average recovery was 97.99％ with the RSD of 2.02％.In four-teen batches of samples,the content ranges of water,total ash,acid-insoluble ash,extract were 6.47％-12.07％,7.59％-12.35％,0.23％-3.55％,13.28％-26.82％,respectively.CONCLUSION This stable and reliable method can be used for the quality control of P.auricularius

OBJECTIVEHPLC-ESI-MS to establish a method for simultaneous determination of adenosine and cordycepin in Cordyceps sinensis and C. militarris.

METHODHPLC-ESI-MS method. An electrospray ionization (ESI) interface and selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode were used. The analytical column was a 2.0 mm x 150 mm Shimadzu VP - ODS column and the mobile phase was water (94%), methanol (5%) and formic acid (1%). 2-Chloroadenosine was used as internal standard for this assay.

RESULTThe regression equations and coefficient were Y = 0.134 6X + 0.001 29 (r = 0.998 4) for adenosine, Y = 0.216 4X + 0.021 5 (r = 0.999 1) for cordycepin. The liner range was 0.5 approximately 124.5 microg x mL(-1) and 0.5 approximately 136.5 microg x mL(-1) for adenosine and cordycepin, respectively. The average recoveries of adenosine and cordycepin were 95.8% and 98.1%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThis method is highly sensitive, fast and selective, which can be used for the determination of nucleosides in C. sinensis and its substitutes. This method can also be applied for the quality control of above herbs.

Adenosine ; analysis ; Animals ; Bombyx ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cordyceps ; chemistry ; classification ; Deoxyadenosines ; analysis ; Lepidoptera ; Quality Control ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Objective To evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of sevelamer hydrochloride in treating maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients with hyperphosphemia.Methods A multicenter,open-labeled,self-control study was performed.Phosphate binders were discontinued during a two-week washout period.Patients with more than 1.78 mmol/L serum phosphorus after two-week washout period were eligible for the trial.The dose was adjusted every two weeks as necessary to achieve serum phosphorus control. Sevelamer hydrochloride was administered to 138 MHD patients for 10 weeks and a second two-week washout period followed.Results A total of 111 from 138 patients fulfilled the whole 14-week study. Mean serum phosphorus and calcium-phosphate products starte to decline after two-week sevelamer hydrochloride treatment. By the end of 10-week sevelamer hydrochloride treatment, mean serum level of phosphorus [(1.85±0.50) vs (2.57±0.54) mmol/L,P＜0.01],calcium-phosphate product [(4.16± 1.72) vs (5.79 ± 1.50) mmol2/L2,P＜0.01 ] and low density lipoprotein [(1.64±0.76) vs (2.31 ±0.87) mmol/L,P＜0.01] were significantly decreased,while the adjusted serum level of calcium and serum intact parathyroid hormone kept steady.Both serum phosphorus and calcium-phosphrus product increased after the second washout period, but the levels were still lower as compared to pre-treatment [(2.26±0.71) vs (2.57±0.54) mmol/L; (5.12±1.63) vs (5.79±1.50) mmol2/L2,P＜0.01].Of the 138 patients involved,214 episodes in 106 patients and 121 episodes in 89 patients were reported as adverse events and adverse drug reaction respectively. Gastrointestinal symptoms,of which most were mild or moderate,happened to 68.1％ (94/138) patients. Conclusions Sevelamer hydrochloride can control serum phosphorus and reduce the levels of calcium-phosphorus product and cholesterol.Slight gastrointestinal symptoms like constipation are common during the treatment.

AIMTo manage male infertility with obstructive azoospermia by means of percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) and intrauterine insemination (IUI).

METHODSNinety azoospermic patients with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (BAVD, n=58) or bilateral caudal epididymal obstruction (BCEO, n=32) requesting for fine needle aspiration (FNA), PESA and IUI were recruited. The obstruction was diagnosed by vasography and determination of the fructose, carnitine and alpha-glucosidase levels in the seminal fluid.

RESULTSThe mean sperm motility, density, abnormal sperm and total sperm count of the caput epdidymis were 16 %+/-22 %, (12+/-31) x 10(6)/mL, 55 %+/-36 % and (16+/-14) x 10(6), respectively. In the 90 couples, a total of 74 PESA procedures and 66 cycles of IUI were performed. Three pregnancies resulted, including one twin pregnancy giving birth to two healthy boys, one single pregnancy with a healthy girl and another single pregnancy aborted at week 6 of conception. The pregnancy rate per IUI cycle was 4.5 %.

CONCLUSIONThe birth of normal, healthy infants by IUI using PESA indicates that the caput epididymal sperm possess fertilization capacity. The PESA-IUI programme is a practical and economical procedure for the management of patients with obstructive azoospermia.

Adult ; Biopsy, Needle ; Epididymis ; cytology ; Female ; Humans ; Insemination, Artificial ; methods ; Male ; Oligospermia ; therapy ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Spermatozoa ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo identify the relationship between amino acid mutations in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates and their antibiotic resistance.

METHODSPI gene fragments of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from 17 clinical isolates were obtained with PCR amplification. They were cloned into the PCR cloning vector pBS-T to form pBS-T-PI and sequenced. The sequences of PI genes were analyzed. At the same time, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of penicillin and tetracycline to these 17 isolates were measured and contrasted with the corresponding PI sequence.

RESULTSThe recombinants of PI gene from 17 clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were successfully constructed and sequenced. They were divided into PIA and PIB subtypes according to the results from blastn software by comparing the sequences with the GenBank. Mutations were found at the sites of 120 and 121. There were only some of the sequences having an aspartic acid (D) mutation on 120 and 121 sites, which was not the same as reported. On the other hand,there were two PI sequences,5-9 and 6-1, whose mutations on No. 120 were lysine, similar to those documented.

CONCLUSIONSome relationship between PI amino acids mutations at sites 120 and 121 in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Chengdu, China and their resistance to penicillin and tetracycline were found. However,further studies need to be done in the future to confirm this hypothesis.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA, Bacterial ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Mutation ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; drug effects ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

In order to explore the expression of TRAIL in primary acute leukemic cells and the effect of chemotherapeutic drug on TRAIL expression in acute leukemic cells, the expression of TRAIL was assessed by flow cytometry on day 0, day 1, day 3 and day 5 in 16 patients with acute leukemia received chemotherapy. Meanwhile, the bone marrow mononuclear cells of acute leukemia patients were cultured in vitro with VP-16 and INFalpha-2a. Expression of TRAIL was analyszed by flow cytometry at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment. The results showed that the expression of TRAIL in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells was upregulated significantly from day 1 after chemotherapy (P < 0.05). In in vitro culture test, VP-16 upregulated the expression of TRAIL on acute leukemia bone marrow mononuclear cells (P < 0.05). Compared with VP-16 alone, the combination of VP-16 with IFNalpha-2a showed no synergic effects on the expression of TRAIL. It is concluded that the expression of TRAIL increases after chemotherapy in vivo and after treatment with VP-16 and IFN in vitro, which suggests that the apoptosis induced by TRAIL may play an important role in chemotherapy of leukemia.
Acute Disease ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Bone Marrow Cells ; metabolism ; Etoposide ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; pharmacology ; Leukemia ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured