Objective The article was to speed up the dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs, reduce the configuration time and improve the allocative efficiency by analysis on factors influencing dissolution and adoption of proper allocative approaches accord-ing to different characteristics of insaluble drugs. Methods 5 insaluable drugs were chosen for the study, which were ornithine as-partate, mezlocillin sodium and sulbactam sodium, teicoplanin, omeprazole sodium injection and imipenem and cilastatin sodium.The control group were allocated by routine configuration approach, while the experiment group were improved by increasing the amount of solvent, loosing the powder inside the bottle before configuration, reducing the bubble, adopting special solvent and increasing the dis-solution temperature.Observation and comparative experiment were made on two groups along with the timing from configuration to com-plete dissolution into clear transparent liquid. Results As to the average complete dissolution time of 5 drugs, significant difference was found between two groups([42±5]s vs [246±35]s, [3±1]min vs [30±3]min, [5±1]min vs [10±3]min, [5±3]min vs [10± 5]min, [2±1]min vs [10±1]min, P<0.05).Compared with the control group, the dissolution time of 5 drugs was cut down by 83%, 90%, 50%, 50%, 80%in experiment group. Conclusion Appropriate increase of solvent, loose powder, bubble reduction, special solvent and increased solution temperature contribute to shortening the dissolution time of insoluble drugs and improving the configura-tion efficiency of pharmacy intravenous admixture.

OBJECTIVE To study the status of the distribution and drug resistance of Enterococcus in hospital,in order to further provide the effective reference for rational use of antibacterial and the prevention of Enterococcus in clinical therapy. METHODS The drug sensitivity and resistance of 201 strains of Enterococcus were determined by MicroScan WalkAway40 automatic microorganism system. RESULTS The highest incidence rate of Enterococcus was E. faecium (48.8%),the second was E. faecalis (37.3%),and the others were E. gallinarum (13.9%). The drug resistance of E. faecium was much higher than that of E. faecalis. CONCLUSIONS The most of Enterococcus infection is due to E. faecium,and there is a lot of difference for drug resistance in the strains of Enterococcus. It is necessary to rationally use antibacterials on the basis of the drug resistance,infection sites and grade of infection.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the development strategy of hospital preparations in new situation METHODS:To analyse existing circumstance and problems confronting us in development of hospital preparations RESULTS & CONCLUSION:In order to promote the development of hospital preparations,we should reform our work in respect to transformation of production,adjustment of kinds,promotion of R & D of new preparations and establishment of regional hospital preparation center

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy for the treatment of intrahepatic bile duct stones.Methods The clinical data of 30 patients with left intrahepatic bile duct stones who were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nancbang University from June 2013 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients underwent laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy by the Glisson intra-and extra-pedicles vascular inflow occlusion techniques together with the removal of choledocholithiasis and right bile duct stones,and T tube placement or laparoscopic primary suture of common bile duct were selected according to the condition of bile duct.All the 30 patients were readmitted to hospital and detected by color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS),computed tomography (CT) and T tube cholangiography at postoperative month 1,and then received CDUS reexamination every 3 months.CT and MRI reexaminations were applied to patients with complication of residual stones if necessary.All the patients were followed up till July 2014.Results All the 30 patients were treated by laparoscopic hepatectomy with left hemihepatic vascular inflow occlusion,including 5 with conversion to open surgery and 25 with successful operation.The Glisson extra-and intra-pedicel vascular inflow occlusion techniques were used in 11 and 14 patients,respectively.The operation time and volume of blood loss were (158 ± 85) minutes and (405 ± 215) mL.Two patients received intraoperative blood transfusion.There were no residual stones in the 8 patients with choledocholithiasis by intraoperative choledochoscope,and primary suture of bile duct and T tube placement were done in 5 and 3 patients,respectively.No patients died.After operation,there were 2 patients with bile leakage and 1 with pleural effusion,and they were cured though drainage.One patient with subphrenic effusion was cured by B ultrasound-guided puncture and drainage.One patient had bleeding with the volume of blood loss of 500 mL,and was cured by conservative treatment.The duration of hospital stay in all the patients was (8.5 ± 2.3)days.No bile leakage and abdomen infection were detected by outpatient examination.The time of followup was 1-12 months,without recurrence of stones.Conclusion Laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy for the treatment of left intrabepatic bile duct stones is safe and feasible with satisfactory outcome.

Objective To investigate the relationship between mtND4 point mutation in sperms and asthenospermia. Methods Fifty-six asthenospermia cases and 44 control cases were collected using the WHO criterion for defining asthenospermia, the regions of mtND4 gene were amplified by using PCR of 3 pairs primers. Consequently, the point mutation, missense mutation and multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were analyzed by employing sequencing technology and bioinformatics tools. Results Six mutations never before identified were found. The frequency of single point mutation T10873C and T11944C in the control group were significantly higher than those in the asthenospermia group (P＜0.05). Eight cases involved T10873C or T11944C among the 10 cases in control groups with missense mutations were found. But, there were only 2 cases with such mutation in the 10 asthenospermia cases with missense mutations (P＜0.05). The previous 20 cases of missense mutations can be described as either multiple SNP group (with T10873C or T11944C) or nonmultiple SNP group. The percentage of a range and a plus b range of multiple SNP group of sperm was significantly higher than the non-multiple SNP group(P＜0.05). Conclusions mtND4 gene mutation, especially the missense mutation may induce loss of sperm motility. The mutations of T10873C and T11944C may be useful for sperm motility or counteract the influence for the sperm motility caused by these harmful mutations.

Objective:Based on the model of human umbilical vein endothelial cell(HUVEC) treated by tumor necrosis factor-alfa(TNF),We investigate the effects of muscone on polymophonulear leukocytes(PMN)-HUVEC adhesion and its adhesion molecules(CAMs) expression.Methods:Confocal system was used for identifying cultured HUVEC,MTT assay for its activity,Rose Bengal Staining for PMN-HUVEC adhesion,and fluorescent-immunocytochemistry techniques for CAMs expression.Results:After HUVEC treated by TNF,the adhesion between PMN and HUVEC increased dramatically(P

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features,treatment method and prognostic factors of the gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (gNENs).Methods The clinical data of 80 patients with gNENs who were admitted to the Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from January 2002 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients received gastroscopic examination.Patients with well-differentiated and diameter ≤ 2 cm gNENs received endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection.Patients with poordifferentiated and diameter ＞ 2cm tumors received surgical resection of gNENs.Patients were followed up via phone call,mail or out-patient examination till October 31,2013.The Kaplan-Meier method was used for drawing the survival curve and calculating the survival rate.The univariate analysis was done by Log-rank test and the multivariate analysis was done by COX proportional hazards model.Results Fifty-eight patients had pain and discomfort in the epigastric region.Thirty-two gNENs were located at the cardia,40 at the body and 8 at the pylorus.Fortyfour gNENs were ulcerative type,25 were polypoid type,11 were protruded type.The mean diameter of the gNENs was 2.6 cm (range,0.4-7.5 cm).Twenty-seven gNENs were in grade 1,10 in grade 2 and 43 in grade 3.Forty-five gNENs were localized,34 gNENs had lymph node involvement (2 gNENs had distal metastasis),and 1 gNENs had distal metastasis.Thirty-one patients received endoscopic resection,and did not receive adjuvant therapy.Forty-nine patients (6 with gastric neuroendocrine tumor and 43 with gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma)received radical resection,including proximal subtotal gastrectomy in 16 patients,distal subtotal gastrectomy in 15 patients,total gastrectomy in 15 patients and distal subtotal gastrectomy + resection of the liver metastasis in 3 patients.Thirty-four patients received adjuvant chemotherapy and 15 did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy.Seventy-nine patients were followed up for a median time of 42.0 months (range,2.0-113.0 months).The mean time of survival was 75.6 months(range,2.8-100.8 months),and the 1-,3-,5-year overall survival rates were 91.3％,75.8％ and 66.5％,respectively.The 5-year survival rates of patients with gNENs in grade 1,grade 2 and grade 3 were 100.0％,100.0％ and 38.0％,respectively.The results of univariate analysis showed that the gender,treatment methods,adjuvant chemotherapy,types of tumor,tumor diameter,classification and staging of the tumor were correlated with the prognosis of the patients (x2=9.550,17.488,25.038,14.994,6.897,25.234,22.066,P ＜ 0.05).The results of multivariate analysis showed that the gender was the independent risk factor influencing the prognosis of the patients (RR =11.280,95％ confidence interval:5.353-19.121,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The clinical presentations of gNENs are often nonspecific.The main presentation of gNENs is pain in the epigastric region of the abdomen,and most of the gNENs are located at the cardia or body of the stomach.The staging and grading of the gNENs are varied,and the prognosis is related with the gender of the patients.Endoscopic or surigcal resection is the main treatment method for gNENs.Female patients have a better prognosis than male patients.

Objective : To investigate the status of occupational stress and analyze its influencing factors among frontline employees working in a chemical fiber manufacturing enterprise, so as to provide insights into the development of occupational stress interventions. Methods : The frontline employees working in a chemical fiber manufacturing enterprise were selected as the study subjects using a cluster sampling method in October 2018. The status of occupational stress was investigated using the Chinese version of the effort-reward imbalance ( ERI ) questionnaire. The influencing factors for occupational stress were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results : A total of 1 780 questionnaires were sent out, and 1 115 valid ones ( 62.64% ) were recovered. Among the 1 115 respondents, there were 427 men ( 38.30% ) and 688 women ( 61.70% ), and 71.22% were at ages of 21 to 39 years. There were 561 respondents with < 1 year of service ( 50.31% ), and the longest length of service was 11 years. In addition, there were 1 069 respondents ( 95.87% ) exposed to high noise, and 346 respondents ( 31.03% ) were diagnosed at a high occupational-stress state and 769 ( 68.97% ) at a low state. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified 5 years or longer of service ( OR=1.540, 95%CI: 1.057-2.245 ) and exposure to high noise ( OR=1.917, 95%CI: 1.004-3.659 ) as risk factors for occupational stress among frontline employees in the chemical fiber manufacturing enterprise. Conclusions There are 31.03% of frontline employees at a high occupational-stress state in the chemical fiber manufacturing enterprise, and a high occupational-stress state is associated with exposure to high noise and 5 years or longer of service.

Objective To assess the effectiveness of a novel mobile health patient management system involving doctors, nurses, and patients ( TRIO mode) on glycemic control and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) compliance among the type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM) patients using basal insulin standardization treatment in China. Methods From April 2014 to April 2015, 416 hospitals in 110 cities of 30 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions across China were selected to participate in the program. A Online-to-Offline ( O2O) integrated mobile health patients management system with mobile terminals for the doctors, nurses, and patients was applied in the program for patient education, follow-up, and data collection. For all the newly recruited patients, the baseline information was collected and a first-day patient education program were provided by a designated nurse. In the 12-week follow-up period, data of basal insulin doses and fasting plasma glucose ( FPG) values were collected from the patients by text messages or tracking phone call by the nurse. The patients also received timely standardized patients health education and glycemic control guidance by participating in thepatient education forum anddoctors' hotline in order to help them achieve the glycemic control goals. Results A total of 102 524 patients using basal insulin treatment were eligible and enrolled in the program. 64 420 patients completed the 12 weeks follow-up and provided at least one FPG value at all five follow-ups. In total, 62. 6% (40 334 / 64 420) of the patients reached the FPG control target(FPG≤7. 0 mmol/ L) at the end of follow-up period. The weekly average FPG for patients with complete SMBG data decreased from 10. 58 mmol/ L to 6. 91 mmol/ L while the FPG control rates increased from 13. 4% to 69. 2% . The weekly average FPG for the patients provided incomplete SMBG data decreased from 10. 54 mmol/ L to 7. 13 mmol/ L while the FPG control rates increased from 13. 6% to 62. 2% . The FPG control rates for the patients provided complete SMBG were 1. 74 times higher than those patients provided incomplete SMBG. Based on a GEE model, the average decline of the FPG and the increase of the FPG control rates were significantly better for patients who provided complete SMBG as compared to the patients with incomplete SMBG data. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that factors such as receiving the first-day education, participating in the follow-up patient education forum, and the doctors' hotline were significantly associated with the improvement of the SMBG compliance, the treatment adherence, and the FPG control rates. The SMBG compliance and the treatment adherence for patients who completed first-day education were 1. 68 times and 1. 22 times higher, respectively. For the patients who participated in follow-up education activities, their SMBG compliance and treatment adherence were 3. 17 times and 3. 36 times higher, respectively. Conclusion The innovativeTRIOmobile health patient management mode was feasible and effective for better managing the type 2 diabetes patients initiated on basal insulin treatment in China. Active participation in the first-day education program and the follow-up patient education activities can effectively improve the SMBG compliance and the treatment adherence, and therefore play an important role in helping patient achieving FPG control in a faster manner.

Adult ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; Dimethylformamide ; adverse effects ; Formamides ; analysis ; Humans ; Kidney ; physiopathology ; Kidney Diseases ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; urine ; Kidney Function Tests ; Liver ; physiopathology ; Liver Diseases ; physiopathology ; urine ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure