Renal interstitial fibrosis represents the final common pathway of all chronic disease.The mechanism of renal interstitial fibrosis is very complex.It is not entirely clear now.The study found that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition plays an important role in the renal interstitial fibrosis.Inhibition of epithelial-tomesenchymal transition may help to slow down the development and progression of renal interstitial fibrosis.The article mainly reviews the mechanism and treatment of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.

Thirty five samples of cows sera were assayed for human HBV serological marker with ELISA method. Sixteen samples were HBsAg and/or HBeAg positive,of which human HBV-like particles were found in 6 samples by immuno electron microscopic procedure. There were 1-3 precipitation lines between 5 concentrated samples and horse anti-HBs sera one of which fused with that of human HBsAg. In all the samples human sera polyalbumin receptor (PHSAR) was negative with ELISA method, and 32P-HBV DNA dot hibridization was also negative.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the cause and mechanic of inflammation reaction induced by medical biomaterials in the body.DATA SOURCE: A computer-based online search of Pubmed database was undertaken to identify the relevant articles published from January 2004 to December 2008 in English with the key words of "biomaterials, inflammation, mechanism".Meanwhile, with Chinese articles were retrieved from CNKI database between January 2005 and December 2008 with the key words of "biomaterials, inflammation, mechanism".DATA SELECTION: Articles concerning the cause and mechanic of inflammation reaction induced by medical biomaterials were included. Articles addressing physical and chemical features and mechanics of medical biomaterials were excluded.MAIN OUTCOME MEASREUS:①After the material implants in vivo, inflammatory cell and material adhering.②Cell factor expression.RESULTS: After initially examined 70 literatures were obtained. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, the reasons and the mechanism related to the medical biological material in host in vivo for causing the inflammation were analyzed. Along with the tissue engineering development, various new high-polymer medicine biological materials with good biological compatibility,the biological activity and the biodegradation absorption function are emerging unceasingly. The biomedicine material was used to repair or substitute damage organization and the organ, and to cause function recovery. The infection was still the serious complication following the medical biological material was implanted. The mechanism of biomedicine material-induced infection is: complement in blood adhere the biological material surface, which causes collection and adherence of integrin-mediated leukocytes, release of cytokines and growth factors from adherent monocytes/macrophages, resulting in the occurrence of biomedicine material-related infection. To prevent the medical biological material-related inflammation, we should first embark from the material itself, and seek for some to respond the small medical material to the host inflammation.CONCLUSION: The success of material implantation depends on the medical biological material relevant inflammation. The production of biomaterial-related inflammation is action results of inflammatory cell, inflammation factor, complement as well as enzyme, oxygen free radical. Material surface microstructure, chemistry and dielectric and so on immediately influence inflammatory cells on material response.

Objective To compare the effect of percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) versus percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation treatment (PRFT) on idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia in elderly patients. Methods The 87 patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia were enrolled, 42 patients were treated by PBC (PBC group), and the other 45 patients were treated by PRFT (PRFT group). The effects of two therapies were evaluated after treatment. Results The early response rate (92.9% vs. 95.6%) and cure rate (88.1% vs. 88.9%) of PBC group versus PRFT group had no significant differences (both P＞0.05). The inhibitory response rate of trigeminal nerve was significantly greater in PBC group than in PRFT group after treatment (69.0% vs. 35.6%, P＜0.05), and 1 patient had cardiac arrest in PBC group. The two groups had different degrees of facial numbness and sensory dysfunction. The 39 patients treated by PBC had numbness in three divisions of trigeminal nerve, while 43 patients treated by PRFT had the high selection and showed the main numbness in the ill division of trigeminal nerve. The chewing gravis rate was higher in PBC group than in PRFT group (71.8% vs. 20.9%, P＜0.05). There was no neuralgia recurrence in both groups during 6 monthe′ follow-up. Conclusions The effect of treating the elderly patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia is similar by PBC and PRFT. The PBC therapy under general anesthesia is more convenient for patients who can not cooperate.The PRFT has much higher selectivity in trigeminal nerve damage, lower inhibition rate of the trigeminal nerve, and less influence on the masticatory muscle function.

Background Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a a common cause of anatomic failure in retinal detachment surgery.Proteomics is the critical method to investigate the different proteins. Objective This study was to search for related vitreous proteins in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR)and screen for the related protein expression in the vitreous with PVR. Methods Vitreous samples were obtained from 8 moderate PVR (grade B)eyes and 8 severe PVR(grade C or D)eyes during pars plana vitrectomy (PPV)for the proteomics analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry.Normal vitreous from 8 healthy donor eyes served as control.First dimension isoelectric focusing (IEF) was performed with the Pharmacia IPGphor in solvent B using 18 cm non-linear pH 3-10 immobilized pH gradient (IPG)strips.IPG strips were rehydrated with sample,and then IEF was performed.The second dimension 12%sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was performed after the IPG strips were equilibrated.After silver staining,the gels were analyzed by the 2-DE gel analysis software.The matched spots were excised and tryptica digested in-gel.The peptides were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS and the MS/MS spectral were searched against the human protein databases using MASCOT.This study process complied with the Declaration of Helsinki.Wfitten informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to this trial. Results In the current study,a total of 47,184 and 336 protein spots were detected from the normal donor eyes,moderate PVR eyes and severe PVR eyes,respectively,by 2-DE gels.Among 13 protein spots with significant differences in the 3 groups,7 types of proteins were successfully identified.The results indicated that Enolase 2 was a specific protein for normal donor vitreous.whereas transthyretin monomer and retinol-binding protein(RBP) chain B were distinct proteins found in severe PVR vitreous.and prostaglandin D synthase and RBP3 precursor were common proteins with up-regulated expression in vitreous samples with moderate PVR,but down-regulated levels in vitreous samples with severe PVR.The levels of albumin and transferrin in vitreous showed dynamic elevation with the enhancement of severity of PVR.Conclusion The changes in the vitreous proteome imply that some types of vitreous proteins degrade and some common serum proteins are expressed in the vitreous body with PVR,which indicated the disruption of the blood retinal barrier in the pathogenesis of PVR.

Objective To explore the synchronous cosmetic surgical procedures for the beauty-seekers who have both single eyelid and commonly horizontal cockeye in order to acheive either time saving or beautifying. Methods Firstly, the distance of moving backwards and shortening length of the eye muscle were calculated and designed according to the degree of cockeye; secondly, the height of the double eyelids line and positioning were re-designed; then the moving backwards and shortening of the horizontal macula were put up to rectify the cockeye; finally, the incisal double eyelid operation was performed. Results All 25 patients with inner cockeyes were corrected at the right position; 4 of 11 patients with outer cockeyes were corrected 5～10 degrees over the right position, and others were at the right position. The single eyelid with thin-eyelid and middle-thick-eyelid restored within 3 months; but the patient with thick-eyelid restored slowly, about half a year in average. 2 patients with redundant skin at inner corner of eye were also corrected at the right position. Conclusions Although there is somewhat difficulty in the plastic surgery for patients with cockeye and single eyelids, synchronous operation can save time and outlay, and also acheive the aim of beautifying. Therefore, it is a good approach to deal with cockeye.

Objective To evaluate the utilization status of essential medicines at community health centers,and analyze problems existing in the stocking and application situation of such medicines,hence to provide references and suggestions for the implementation of the Essential Medicine System.Methods The investigation method was used to analyze the actual stocking situation of essential medicines at community health centers,and existing problems in implementing the Essential Medicine System.Results An average of 377 species of essential medicines were stocked by the community health institutions, accounting for 53.9% of Beijing Essential Medicine List,and average 61.6% of the total medicines in these institutions.There were insufficiencies existing both in the list and supplies of essential medicines. First-aid and low-price essential medicines are out of stock.Lack of confidence by some patients on the drug brands and their quality covered in the essential medicines.Conclusions The list and supplies of essential medicines could not meet the demand of patients at community health centers adequately.The method of evidence-based practice should be applied to each area in implementing of the Essential Medicine System.

Ginsenoside Rg1 ( Rg1 ) is a monomer isolated from ginseng, which has a variety of pharmacological activities. Rg1 can obviously regulate hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells proliferation, differentiation, aging, secretion and so on by mul-tiple mechanisms. Rg1 has important therapeutic effects on the reparation of tissues, organs damage and aging. This review de-scribes the current knowledge on the effects of Rg1 on the char-acteristics and functions of adult stem cells.

Objective To explore the clinical curative effect of locking plate in elderly patients with proximal humeral fractures. Methods Seventy elderly patients with proximal humeral fractures were selected, and all patients were treated with surgical treatment. Among them, application of locking plate was in 35 cases (locking plate group), and application of ordinary steel plate was in 35 cases (ordinary steel plate group). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time and curative effect between 2 groups were compared. Results The operation time, intraoperative blood loss and fracture healing time in locking plate group were significantly lower than those in ordinary steel plate group: (61.3 ± 5.6) min vs. (78.3 ± 4.2) min, (190.5 ± 11.5) ml vs. (268.5 ± 21.2) ml and (12.6 ± 1.8) weeks vs. (16.5 ± 1.5) weeks, the excellent and good rate was significantly higher than that in ordinary steel plate group: 94.29% (33/35) vs. 74.98% (26/35), and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). Conclusions The curative effect of locking plate in elderly patients with proximal humeral fractures is accurate. Locking plate can be fixed firmly, and it is conducive to early recovery after surgery.

Objective:To design a mobile health service platform based on cloud computing so as to reform the current medical problems including serious waste of medical resources, low level of information sharing and poor feel of medical treatment and so on.Methods: On the basic of analyzing cloud computing and relative theories, a solution of mobile medical cloud based on Google App Engine(GAE) was proposed.Results: A mobile medical health service platform including overall business process and deployment of development environment based on GAE has been designed and the traditional medical service mode has been converted.Conclusion: The exploration and attempt that constructe mobile medical health service platform by combining cloud computing with medical services can promote the conversion of medical mode and provide a effective solution for meeting the requirements of medical service quality and service efficiency for the masses.