BACKGROUND:Zirconia al-ceramic crown restoration has good biocompatibility and corrosion resistance, and has little irritation to the human periodontal tissue. OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical curative effects of zirconia al-ceramic and porcelain fused to metal crowns in the repair of dental defects. METHODS: Twenty patients (120 teeth) scheduled for crown lengthening+crown repair were enroled, including 7 males and 13 females, aged 19-60 years, and then randomly divided into observation group and control group. In the observation group, zirconia al-ceramic crown was used; and in the control group, porcelain fused to metal crown was used. Periodontal conditions, coordination of gingival margin height, and crown edge concealment were compared between the two groups at 8 months after restoration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 8 months after restoration, the observation group had better periodontal conditions and crown edge concealment than the control group (P < 0.05), and the time of wearing a temporary crown and recovery time were also shorter in the observation group than the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the gingival margin height between the two groups at 1, 3 and 8 months after restoration. These findings indicate that after crown lengthening, the zirconia al-ceramic restoration for dental defect repair has better therapeutic effects than the porcelain fused to metal restoration, which can have better marginal adaptation, improve crown edge concealment, reduce gingivitis, decrease plaque adhesion ability, and preferably maintain the periodontal health.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the cause and mechanic of inflammation reaction induced by medical biomaterials in the body.DATA SOURCE: A computer-based online search of Pubmed database was undertaken to identify the relevant articles published from January 2004 to December 2008 in English with the key words of "biomaterials, inflammation, mechanism".Meanwhile, with Chinese articles were retrieved from CNKI database between January 2005 and December 2008 with the key words of "biomaterials, inflammation, mechanism".DATA SELECTION: Articles concerning the cause and mechanic of inflammation reaction induced by medical biomaterials were included. Articles addressing physical and chemical features and mechanics of medical biomaterials were excluded.MAIN OUTCOME MEASREUS:①After the material implants in vivo, inflammatory cell and material adhering.②Cell factor expression.RESULTS: After initially examined 70 literatures were obtained. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, the reasons and the mechanism related to the medical biological material in host in vivo for causing the inflammation were analyzed. Along with the tissue engineering development, various new high-polymer medicine biological materials with good biological compatibility,the biological activity and the biodegradation absorption function are emerging unceasingly. The biomedicine material was used to repair or substitute damage organization and the organ, and to cause function recovery. The infection was still the serious complication following the medical biological material was implanted. The mechanism of biomedicine material-induced infection is: complement in blood adhere the biological material surface, which causes collection and adherence of integrin-mediated leukocytes, release of cytokines and growth factors from adherent monocytes/macrophages, resulting in the occurrence of biomedicine material-related infection. To prevent the medical biological material-related inflammation, we should first embark from the material itself, and seek for some to respond the small medical material to the host inflammation.CONCLUSION: The success of material implantation depends on the medical biological material relevant inflammation. The production of biomaterial-related inflammation is action results of inflammatory cell, inflammation factor, complement as well as enzyme, oxygen free radical. Material surface microstructure, chemistry and dielectric and so on immediately influence inflammatory cells on material response.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of sodium hyaluronic acid on prevention of post-surgical pelvic and abdominal adhesion in gynecology.Methods 336 patients with pelvic and abdominal operation,using the double blind method for the patients and doctors,were randomly divided into the observation group (172 cases)and control group(164 cases).The experimental group was given hyaluronic acid in corresponding regions of the peritoneum,and the control group was not given any tissue adhesion prevention measures.Postoperative adhesions incidence and the change of serum CRP level of two groups were recorded.Results There was significant difference between the two groups in postoperative adhesions incidence (47.5％ vs 19.8％,x2 =13.10,P ＜ 0.01).The CRP level of the observation group changed significantly as compared with the control group after operation [(24.5 ±3.4)mg/L vs(12.7 ±3.9)mg/L(t =20.86,P＜0.01)].Conclusion Hyaluronic acid in prevention of postoperative adhesion of pelvic and abdominal operation is effective on improving the serum level of inflammatory factors.

Objective To observe the effect of wheel running exercise on subventricular zone neurogenesis and the neural function in rats post cerebral ischemia. Methods 48 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced cortical infarcts with left middle artery occlusion and were housed in either standard (control group, n=24) or wheel running (exercise group, n=24). They were assessed with neurological severi-ty scores (NSS), and the expression of Ki67 was determined with immunofluorescence, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after training. Results Com-pared with the control group, the number of Ki67-labeled cells in subventricular significantly increased in the exercise group 14 and 21 days after ischemia (P<0.05), and the NSS decreased since 7 days after ischemia (P<0.05). Conclusion Wheel running may promote the neuro-genesis in subventricular of adult rats after cerebral infarction, which may associate with the recovery of neural function.

Objective To investigate the family caregivers of patients with indwelling catheter care behavior .By analyzed its in‐fluencing factors to help caregivers improve the quality of life for patients .Methods Convenience sampling method by visit 70 pri‐mary caregivers of family indwelling catheter for the patient′s .They were investigated with gathering general information and Gen‐eral Self‐Efficacy Scale(GSES) ,following with caregivers awareness questionnaire indwelling catheter .Indwelling catheter care be‐havior questionnaire survey analyze behavior and other items to take care of the relationship .Results The general self‐efficacy and caregiver indwelling catheter cognition ,which account for 73 .9% of the total variance of caring behaviors ,were the important fac‐tors affecting care behaviors .Conclusion There is a big shortage in indwelling catheter home care caregiver knowledge and care be‐haviors .According to above professionals can provide targeted guidance for caregivers .

Objective To investigate the effects of avastin combined with As2 O3 on rabbits corneal neovas-cularization (CNV)induced by alkali burn.Methods A total of 48 Japanese rabbits were induced the CNV models by middle alkali burns.The rabbits were randomly divided into four groups.A group was subconjunctivally injected 0.5mL 1mg/mL of As2 O3 and 0.5mL normal sodium,B group was subconjunctivally injected 0.5mL 25mg/mL of avastin and 0.5mL normal sodium,C group was subconjunctivally injected 0.5mL 1mg/mL of As2 O3 and 0.5mL 25mg/mL of avastin,D group was subconjunctivally injected 1.0mL normal sodium,after corneal alkali burn,respec-tively.CNV area at 6 days,12 days,15 days,21 days and 28 days after burns were calculated,the expression of IL -1β,VCAM-1 and VEGF in corneal tissue at 7 days,14 days,28 days after burns were detected by immunohisto-chemical staining.Results Alkali burn after 28 d,the CNV,IL -1β,VCAM-1,VEGF expression rates of A group were (50.28 ±30.26)mm2 ,(6.83 ±1.74)%,(1.52 ±0.91)%,(5.02 ±0.82)%,respectively,which of B group were (55.19 ±20.03)mm2 ,(6.88 ±1.94)%,(1.41 ±0.94)%,(2.91 ±0.84)%,respectively,which of C group were (10.03 ±5.98)mm2 ,(1.96 ±0.99)%,(0.38 ±0.57)%,(1.08 ±0.77)%,respectively,which of D group were (83.18 ±33.05)mm2 ,(10.16 ±2.17)%,(3.74 ±0.83)%,(7.69 ±1.33)%,respectively.The differences among four groups were statistically significant (F =25.33,3.64,13.13,7.23,all P <0.05 ).Compared with D group,the CNV area and the expressions of IL -1β,VCAM-1 and VEGF were significantly decreased in A,B,C group(qCNV =40.294,34.281,89.590,qIL -1β =4.078,4.017,10.043,qVCAM-1 =2.719,2.854,5.791,qVEGF =3.270,8.238,11.392,all P <0.05);Compared with C group,the CNV area and the expressions of IL -1β,VCAM-1 and VEGF were significantly decreased in A,B group (qCNV =49.296,55.309;qIL -1β =5.965,6.026;qVCAM-1 =1.965,1.775;qVEGF =6.790,22.413,all P <0.05);Compared with B group,the CNV area and the expressions of IL -1βand VCAM-1 were not significantly different in A group (P >0.05);Compared with B group,the expression of VEGF was significantly increased in A group (q =4.03,P <0.05).Conclusion Avastin combined with As2 O3 can inhibit the growth of CNV induced by alkali burning in rabbits effectively,and reduce the expressions of IL -1β, VCAM-1 and VEGF in CNV.It has better efficacy than single drug,and it opens up a new way for the prevention and treatment of CNV.

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR),a key enzyme in methionine-folic acid metabolism,participates in the synthesis of thymidine monophosphate(TMP) and purine as an indirect donator of methylium.It plays an important role in maintaining the normal level of homocysteine and DNA repair and replication.The MTHFR gene mutation decreases the activity of enzymes,increases the homocysteine level of blood plasma,and induces abnormal DNA methylation and various diseases.This review focuses on the structure and function of the MTHFR gene,its polymorphism and the relationship between its polymorphism and congenital heart disease.

Objective To make a comparative study of the two intelligent Pubmed-based retrieval tools,Gopubmed and Pubmedpro.Methods We took lung cancer literatures as an example in this article,probed into the difference between these two tools in several aspects including retrieval tech niques,browse,boolean retrieval,statistical analysis items,statistical analysis accuracy,access and retrieval speed.Results Gopubmed and Pubmedpro shared the similar retrieval techniques,but the latter had more browse,boolean retrieval and statistical analysis functions,and had better analysis accuracy,easier access and faster retrieval speed.Conclusion Pubmedpro had advantages over Gopubmed in general.

Autophagy is an important homeostatic cellular recycling mechanism responsible for degrading injured or dysfunctional subcellular organelles and proteins in all living cells. The process of autophagy can be divided into three relatively independent steps: the initiation of phagophore, the formation of autophagosome and the maturation/degradation stage. Different morphological characteristics and molecular marker changes can be observed at these stages. Morphological approaches are useful to produce novel knowledge that would not be achieved through other experimental methods. Here we summarize the morphological methods in monitoring autophagy, the principles in data interpretation and the cautions that should be considered in the study of autophagy.

OBJECTIVE:To study protective effects of Ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic gel against Staphylococcus aureus corneal ulcer in rabbits. METHODS:S. aureus corneal ulcer in rabbits model was induced by corneal substance layer inoculation, and then divided into model group,positive control group (Clarithromycin ophthalmic gel),gel high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups(Ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic gel 120,80,40 mg/ml),with 20 rabbits in each group. They were given re-levant medicine,once a day for 2 weeks. The keratopathy of rabbits was observed;the clinical efficacy and keratopathy score were compared. The change of ratina was observed under micrescope. RESULTS:Compared with model group,the keratopathy score de-creased while total effective rate increased in positive control group and gel groups after medication, and the effects of gel high-dose and low-dose groups were significantly lower than that of positive control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). The retina of rabbits had not affected by the experiment. CONCLUSIONS:Ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic gel has protective effect against S. aureus corneal ulcer in rabbits.