Since the chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) can cause serious disease burden and consume huge amounts of health resources to human life,research on CKD received increasing attention.For the particularity of the elderly,whether the current definition,stages and renal function assessment of CKD should be distinguished from the adults has been controversial.We conducted a comprehensive review on these issues.Furthermore,the studies on the epidemiologic status,trends,and characteristics of CKD for the elderly were summarized,and possible reasons for the differences between the various studies were analyzed.

Objective To evaluate the effect of the assessment of intervention of rational use and special initiative of antineoplastic Chinese patent medicine in tumor ward of Nantong First People’s Hospital (hereinafter referred to as “the hospital”); To facilitate the rational use of medicine in clinical setting. Methods Medical records of discharged patients in April and October 2015 were collected, and various types of irrational use of Chinese patent medicine was analyzed and put into statistical analysis. Results The proportion of medical records of irrational use of Chinese patent medicine declined from 39.45% to 18.49%; the percent of irrational prescription order sheet declined from 11.49%to 3.45%;the differences of variors irrational medicine use before and after the intervention were statistically significant. Conclusion The status of the rational use of antineoplastic Chinese patent medicine in tumor ward is improved after half-year special intervention and correction initiative.

Objective To explore the effects of ziprasidone and clozapine on serum cholinesterase (CHE) concentration in schizophrenia patients. Methods 126 schizophrenia patients were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group. The observation group was treated with ziprasidone. The control group received clozapine. The serum CHE concentration was assayed at 7, 14 and 28 days after treatment. Results ① The PANSS scores in both groups were significantly reduced after treatment, while the control group was lower than the observation group (PANSS score for positive symptoms: 15.3±4.7 vs 22.4±4.8, P<0.01; negative symptoms: 14.6±4.5 vs 21.8±5.2, P<0.01; general psychiatric symptoms: 13.3±3.4 vs 19.2±3.9, P<0.01). ② CHE levels were decreased in both groups after treatment. The control group exhibited greater decrease than the observation group. ③ The observation group had lower adverse reaction rate (34.9%) compared to control group (71.4%). Conclusion ziprasidone has weaker inhibitory effect on CHE activity compared to clozapine. This may explain that ziprasidone has lower therapeutic efficacy and better safety profile.

Coupled magnetic nanoparticles in the microcapsule structure, such as magnetic microcapsules, can be delivered in specific organism or tissues under magnetic field exposure. Thus, the microcapsules can achieve active targeting functions by manipulat-ing the magnetic field. Based on the magnetic microcapsules, the antitumor drugs can also be loaded to realize magnetic response, which gives microcapsules sustained and controlled release advantages. To date, the drug microcapsules carrying magnetic nanoparti-cles have become promising novel delivery carriers for the treatment of tumor diseases. This paper mainly reviews the method of prepa-ration of the magnetic nanoparticle-coupled microcapsules, including liposomes, polyelectrolyte microcapsules, and polymer micro-spheres. The basic research progress of these microcapsules as anticancer drug carriers for the tumor therapy was also reviewed.

To explore the current status of occupational hygiene habits and Helicobacter pylori(Hp) infection of domestic service personnel in a Shanghai community and propose the community control measures.A total of 76 domestic service personnel and employers were selected into the investigation and control groups.And they answered questionnaire and received 14C-urea breath test.The career duration of 65％ domestic service personnel were over 3 years.Home-based services accounted for 45％.The number of 49％ part-time service accounted for two or more.And 84％ of them dined together with service families.The difference of occupational hygiene habits and awareness of Hp infection had no statistical significance (P ＞0.05).The rate of Hp infection of domestic service personnel was 50％ vs.38％ for control group (x2 =2.162,P =1.141).Their consistent rate was 62％ (Kappa =0.237).A high risk of Hp infection spread within or between the families is correlated with the professional behaviors of domestic service personnel.Eradication therapy for an existing patient should be started as early as possible and occupational practices standardized.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) system in the process of production of Loratadine tablets. METHODS:Taking wet granulation and tableting technology of Lorata-dine tablets as an example,and through the introduction of the concept of HACCP,the basic theory and method of HACCP were applied for hazard analysis on each production link to find critical control points and set critical limits for production quality man-agement. RESULTS:By HACCP analysis,three links namely drying,granules fitting and mixing,internal and external packaging were finally determined as the critical control points in the process of production of Loratadine tablets,thereby critical control lim-its were set for monitoring. After effective control over the risks in the process was ensured,HACCP work plan was made and veri-fied,and the results showed that HACCP system could effectively control and reduce the risks in the process of production and en-sure quality safety. CONCLUSIONS:Application of HACCP system to wet granulation and tableting technology of Loratadine tab-lets can fully embody its feasibility and effectiveness.

Objective To explore a new way to improve the repairing effect of tendon allograft by pretreatment with ethyldimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide (EDC) cross-linking. Methods Rabbits' tendon allografts were obtained by lyopyilization.The allografts were then cross-linked and heparinized by EDC and N-hydroxy-succinimide (NHS) respectively.The degradation rate,cytotoxicity and histocompatibility of the cross-linked allografts were detected and compared with those of untreated at different time points.The injured anterior cruciate ligaments (ACL) were repaired by tendon allografts with and without cross-linking pretreatment in rabbits.The tendon-bone healing was observed and compared by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 1,3,6 months. Results The degradation rate of the pretreated tendon allografts [(6.26 ± 3.16)％] was significantly lower than that of the unpretreated [(30.70 ± 10.24)％]( t = 14.200,P = 0.025 ).The pretreated tendon allografts were atoxigenic and produced significantly lower inflammatory reaction ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The pretreated tendon allografts also showed more powerful capability of repairing ACL injury and shorter time of tendon-bone healing. Conclusion Tendon allografts cross-linked and heparinized by EDC/NHS may promote tendon-bone healing with improved stability,degradation and biocompatibility.

Objective To explore the different effects on the bleeding after the surgery of minimally invasive intracranial haematoma with drainage method.Methods The cases with minimally haematoma invasive operation were divided into A and B group.Group A simply used the liquefaction agent for blood clots( urokinase mixed with hyaluronidase),without washing step,and Group B used saline water to wash repeatedly and then use liquefaction agent to divert.Results The hematoma clearance rate of A group equal to that of B Group,while the rate of re-bleeding was ( 3.8 ％ ) obviously lower than than of B Group ( 22.7％ ) ( x2 =4.594,P ＜ 0.05 ).Condusion For many cases who have experienced the minimally invasive intracranial operation,the simple use of liquefaction agent can divert haematoma,and the risky rate of re-bleeding was obviously lowered.

Objective To provide histological evidence for clinic tendon reconstruction on severe medial collateral ligament injury in rabbits. Methods Medial collateral ligaments of two knee joints were completely incised to create own control model of MCL rupture. The operation group intimated the procedure of human being MCL reconstruction with semitendinous tendon. In the 4th,12th,16th,24th weeks, healing of MCL was observed by anatomy and the picrosirius-polarization method. Results In the 4th week, the MCL healing tissue of ex-periment group is more than control group. The average ratios of type Ⅲ collagen to Ⅰ, Ⅲ collagen in the experiment group [(0.263±0.075), (0.235±0.041), (0.210±0.045), (0.197±0.029)] were significantly lower than those in control group [(0.310±0.072), (0.286±0.045), (0.261±0.046), (0.236±0.043) ] in the 4th, 12th, 16th, 24th weeks, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusions The semitendinons tendon reconstruction can improve MCL healing in early and middle period after injury.