Effects of cutting the ventral trunk of abtominal vagus nerve of rats. and stimulating its central end on the somatostatin concentration in amygdala, hy-pothalamic nuclei and stomach were studied by radioimmunoassay.Following section of the vagus nerve, the somatostatin concentration of amygdaloid nuclei was not changed, that of lateral preoptic area, hyopthalamic ventromedial nuclei and paraventricular nuclei was reduced, and that of mucosal and muscular layers of antrum and corpus of stomach was also decreased, indicating the tonic influence of the vagus nerve impulses on hypothalamic and gastric somatostatin concentration. Electrical stimulation of the central end of the vagus nerve decreased the somatostatin concentration of medial, lateral and central amygdala, increased that of lateral preoptic area, hypothalamic ventromedial and paravcntricular nuclei, and also increased that of mucosal and muscular layers of gastric antrum, suggesting that somatostatin in amygdala and hypothalamic nuclei plays a role in central integration of visceral afferent information.

The effects of somatostatin and cysteamine injccted into the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) on somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) concentration in the gastric antral mucosa and portal vein plasma as well as the gastric acid secretion were studied in anesthetized rats. The SLI concentration in the gastric antral mucosa and portal vein plasma and the gastric acid output were significantly increased one hour after injection of somatostatin (o. 5 ?g/0.5 ?l) into the VMH. Four hours later, the SLI concentration in the mucosa was still higher than the control level, while the SLI level in the plasma and the acid secretion were close to those of controls. On the contrary, the SLI concentration in the mucosa and plasma and the acid output were markedly decreased at four hours after injection of cysteamine (15?g/0.5?l) into the VMH. The present results suggest that both exogenous and endogenous somatostatin in the VMH have a facilitory action on the gastric somatostatin concentration and its release as well as on the gastric acid secretion, thus providing evidence for hypothalamic control of gastric somatostatin and acid secretion.

Antiplatelet therapy is a major strategy with a growing body of evidence in management of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.This article introduces the mechanism of currently available antiplatelet drugs as well as their practice guidelines and evidence from clinical trials.There is currently no robust evidence to support the use of venous antiplatelet agents.Aspirin is the sole evidence-based antiplatelet drug for treatment of acute ischemic stroke.Aspirin,dipyridamole and clopidogrel are effective in secondary stroke prevention.Combination therapy using aspirin plus extended-release dipyridamole is the only combination approach to demonstrate additive benefit.

The brain edema is a secondary cerebral injury in intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) and one of the main causes of deterioration and death.The toxic effect of blood clots is involved in the formation of brain edema.The article reviews the commonly used antiedema drugs including mannitol,glycerol,hypertonic saline,furosemide,albumin,glucocorticoids,sodium aescinate and aprotinin,and introduces such hopeful drugs as edaravone,deferoxamine,argatroban and celecoxib in the treatment of ICH.

BACKGROUND: Exercise-induced myocardial cell apoptosis and signal transduction and regulation mechanisms of sports medicine research have become an important issue, but remain poorly understood. Studies concerning the protective effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the exercise-induced myocardial cell apoptosis are rarely conducted.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the protective effect of MSCs on myocardial apoptosis and the exercise-induced myocardial cell apoptosis, so as to explore the pathological cause of exercise-induced myocardial apoptosis and the protective effects of MSCs on myocardial cell apoptosis induced by hypoxia, ischemia, and oxidative stress.METHODS: A computer-based online search of articles was performed in Medline database (1994-01/2009-09) with "Mesenchymal stem cells, Excessive exercise, Cardiomyocyte, Apoptosis" as key words and Chongqing PubMed Result NCBI database (1994-01/2009-09), Tsinghua Tong Fang database (1994-01/2009-06), with "bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, over-training, myocardial cells, apoptosis" as key words. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 365 articles on stem cells and exercise-induced myocardial apoptosis were collected, including 120 Chinese and 245 English. Outdate, repetitive and similar studies were excluded, and 68 were included. MSCs display a protection to myocardial cell apoptosis induced by hypoxia, ischemia and oxidative stress caused by high-intensity or overload exercise training, thereby contributing to the improvement of heart function and early rehabilitation of exercise-induced myocardial tissue diseases.

Objective To study the psychological intervention of patients with schizophrenia using olanzapine treatment. Methods A total of 336 patients with schizophrenia from February 2015 to October 2016 were selected as the study subjects,randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group,each with 168 patients.Control group patients with olanzapine treatment,on the basis of the experimental group patients given psychological intervention,pay attention to the psychological state of the patients,strengthen the communication and exchanges with the patient,the treatment of patients with increased confidence and treatment compliance.The therapeutic effect of the experimental group and the control group was compared. Results After the corresponding treatment,7 patients in the experimental group showed a nursing dispute,which was 4.17％. In the control group, 46 patients had nursing disputes, accounting for 27.38％.However,the probability of nursing dispute in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group,with statistical difference(P<0.05).The effective number of patients in the experimental group was 168.The effective number of patients in the control group was 120,and the proportion was 71.43％,with statistical difference(P<0.05). Control patients satisfaction with nursing cases for 130 cases,38 cases of patients are not satisfied,70 patients were generally satisfied with,is satisfied with 60 patients,patient satisfaction and nursing satisfaction rate of 77.38％ significantly lower than that of the experimental group(100％),with statistical difference(P<0.05). Conclusion Psychological intervention with olanzapine in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia better clinical effect, can significantly improve the treatment efficiency,further promotion of clinical significance.

Objective To explore the predictive factors of death in patients with AMI after emergency PTCA Methods PTCA were performed in 43 patients with AMI from June 1996 to March 2001, including 30 males and 13 females with aged 27-80 (mean 60 5?12 6) years old 7 Patients died inhospital Results The mortality of patients with killip 3-4, cardiogenic shock (58 3%, 44 4%) is higher than that of patients without such complications Compared with the patients without total occlusion, the patients with total occlusion have higher mortality (20 6% vs 0%) The mortality of patients with acute thrombolysis during PTCA is higher than that of patients without acute thrombolysis (40 0% vs 9 1%) Conclusion Killip 3～4, cardio genic shock, total occlusion, acute thrombolysis are the predictive factors of in hospital death in patients with AMI after PTCA

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of coincident vesical transitional cell carcinoma and prostatic cancer. Methods 8 cases of coincident vesical transitional cell carcinoma and prostatic cancer were evaluated clinically. Results All the 8 were diagnosed as vesical transitional cell carcinoma on cystoscopy and biopsy.Whereas on needle biopsy of the prostate,prostatic cancer was diagnosed in 7 and BPH in 1 but turned to be prostatic cancer on pathological study after cystoprostatectomy.4 patients underwent transurethral resection of the bladder cancer and bilateral orchiectomy with bladder instillation of MMC or BCG and oral flutamide for prostatic cancer.1 patient underwent partial cystectomy,bilateral orchiectomy and external radiotherapy for prostatic cancer.3 underwent radical cystoprostatectomy.2 cases were lost to follow up.In the other 6,3 survived less than 1 year because of wide metastasis.The other 3 have been followed up for 1.5 to 4.0 years,remained well and tumor free. Conclusions PSA detection together with rectal palpation,biopsy,transrectal ultrasonography and cystoscopy played the important role in the diagnosis of coincident vesical transitional cell carcinoma and prostatic cancer.Radical cytoprostatectomy yields a better outcome.

Objective To expore the method of clinical application and the final result of pedicled flap supplied by radial osteo cutaneous branch of anterior interosseous artery Methods Basing on the anatomic basis that the osteo cutaneous and myocutaneous branches of the anterior interosseous artery have constant collateral anastomoses which can give forth a large size dorso radial flap on dorsum of the forearm Four cases of skin defect of first web had been reconstructed by this flap Results All 4 cases were successful with good functional and cosmetic results Conclusion Reconstruction with dorso radial flap of forearm is simple,reliable procedure which bring minimum trauma to the patient and is an ideal alternative operation

Objective To describe the method and review the outcome of reconstruction ofⅠandⅡdegree defect of thumb and finger by p artial transplantation of distal to e tissue from the great and /or second toe.Methods A series of 65cases with 71ⅠandⅡdegree thumb and finger defect were r econstructed.Of those,49were thumb defect,12index finger,5middle finger and 5ring fin ger.In 6cases,two digits were reconstructed simultaneously at th e same setting.For thumb reconstruction,the donor transplants were har-vested from great toe in 14cases,fro m 2nd toe in 35cases.All finger recon struction cases were taken from2nd toe.Results Postoperative arterial crisis occu rred in 10digits and venous crisis in4.All digits survived after operative and medication trea tment.Twenty digits underwent seco ndary plastic operation for better c os-metic effect.Forty-two digits in 38cases followed-up from 6months to 13years revealed good pulp pinch function.Sensation recovery to S3 + and above in 30cases(34digits)and two-point discrimination from 6-8mm in 30digits.The patients were satisfied with the appearance of the reconstructed thumb and fingers.There were no major complication in the don or toes.Conclusion The defect of distal segment and finger tip of thumb and /or finger can be reconstru cted by transplantation of partial t issues from the great,2nd or /and 3rd toe.The operation will not be influenced by anomaly of the blood vessels.Both ultimate function and cosmetic effect can meet the patientsdesire.[