Objective To study the methods and efficacy of selective or superselective renal artery embolization for renal neoplasms,abcesses and bleeding. Methods Sixty cases of renal carcinomas and 4 cases of abcesses were all treated with selective renal artery embolization before surgery,and 3 cases of advanced renal carcinomas were treated with selective renal artery embolization alone.Embolization materials for carcinoma and abcesses were mainly gelfoam.Nine cases of renal angiomyolipomas,23 of traumatic renal hemorrhages,1 undergoing extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and 2 nephrolithotomy,all of whom had severe hematuria,were treated with selective or superselective renal segment artery embolization.Embolization materials for hemorrhages were mainly self-blood clots and(or) gelfoam,and the materials for angiomyolipoma were pure alcohol and(or) gelfoam. Results The sizes of carcinomas and abcesses were decreased in all of the 60 cases of renal carcinomas and 4 cases of renal abcesses.The edema around the carcinomas and abcesses became obvious,and bleeding was reduced,which were convenient for operation and prolonged survivals.All the renal bleeding were cured with selective or superselective renal artery embolization except for one traumatic case treated by operation for continuous bleeding.All these cases were followed up for 1 month to 18 years.One case had mild atrophy of kidney and in one case IVU didn't develop.All the others were in good condition. Conclusions Selective or superselective renal artery embolization is a safe,effective approach with less complications and most probability to preserve the diseased kidney. Renal artery embolization as a valuable treatment should be studied and widely applied.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have found that the basement membrane matrix can induced the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels, but there is a wide gap between its mechanical properties and practical application, and further research is needed. OBJECTIVE:To prepare a suitable matrigel/chitosan scaffold that has appropriate mechanical properties and remarkable bioactivity for cartilage repair. METHODS: We selected genipin as cross-linking agent, and mixed Matrigel with cross-linked chitosan at different ratios (2:1, 1:1, 1:3). Then rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels were seeded on different scaffolds and cultured for 14 days. The mechanical properties of materials were measured by DMA. Cel counting kit-8, FDA staining, ELISA kits and Alcian blue staining were used to measure the bioactivity of materials. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The storage modulus of scaffolds was raised from 0.48 kPa to 1.78 kPa with increase ratio of chitosan. Cels spread wel in the early period on al scaffolds, and then the cels on the chitosan scaffold showed reduced chondrogenic activity, but cels on the scaffolds with matrigel could maintain chondrogenic differentiation. The matrigel/chitosan scaffold at a ratio of 1:1 had appropriate mechanical properties and higher levels of colagen II and colagen X at 14 days. The prepared matrigel/chitosan scaffold with decent mechanical performance can promote the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels into chondrogenic lineages, which can be used in cartilage tissue engineering.

Objective To explore the different effects on the bleeding after the surgery of minimally invasive intracranial haematoma with drainage method.Methods The cases with minimally haematoma invasive operation were divided into A and B group.Group A simply used the liquefaction agent for blood clots( urokinase mixed with hyaluronidase),without washing step,and Group B used saline water to wash repeatedly and then use liquefaction agent to divert.Results The hematoma clearance rate of A group equal to that of B Group,while the rate of re-bleeding was ( 3.8 ％ ) obviously lower than than of B Group ( 22.7％ ) ( x2 =4.594,P ＜ 0.05 ).Condusion For many cases who have experienced the minimally invasive intracranial operation,the simple use of liquefaction agent can divert haematoma,and the risky rate of re-bleeding was obviously lowered.

Objective The retrograde isolated hepatic perfusion (RIHP) model was used to compare with the isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) model in reducing the rate of normal hepatic tissue toxicity and peripheral drug leakage during chemotherapy in rat liver. Methods A total of 90 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 300-350 g were randomized into 3 groups with 30 rats in each. Group A: perfusion with Lactated Ringer'S Solution through arteria hepatica (RA) and portal vein (PV),the inferior vena cava was used as an outflow tract of perfusate. Group B: For isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP), Fluorouracil (5-FU) was added into the perfusate at a dose of 350mg/kg and introduced in to the liver through arteria hepatica, portal vein was perfused by Lactated Ringer'S Solution, and the inferior vena cava was used as an outflow tract of perfusate. Group C: by using retrograde isolated hepatic perfusion (RIHP), the solution which contains 350 mg/kg Fluorouracil (5-FU) was also introduced through arteria hepatica, the inferior vena cava was introduced with Lactated Ringer'S Solution;the portal vein was used as an outflow tract of the perfusate. On day 1, 3, 5 and 7 after the perfusion in all groups, blood serum ALT test and liver histopathology test were performed. The peripheral blood drug levels were measured with high performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC) system in group B and group C. Results The survival rate was 90%, 86.7% and 90% in group A, B and C,respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed in the survival rate among the 3groups. In all the three groups, serum ALT levels were the highest on the first day after IHP: (481.6±207.6)μmol/LingroupA;(1641. 6±658.0) μmol/LingroupBand( 913. 0±353. 5)μmol/Lin group C. Significant higher serum ALT levels were observed by comparing group B and C with A(P＜0. 05). Meanwhile, the serum ALT levels were significantly higher in group B than in group C (P＜0.05). The peaks of peripheral blood drug concentration during the perfusion were 131.2±29.4μg/ml in group B and 65.3±28. 4μg/ml in group C. Significant difference was observed (P＜0. 05). Liver biopsies of group A showed mild changes on the first day after IHP and returned to normal after 7 days. Group B showed severe changes on the first day after IHP and local necrosis still existed after 7 days. Group C showed moderate changes as compared with group B on the first day after IHP and also returned to normal after 7 days. Conclusion Retrograde isolated hepatic perfusion (RIHP) can reduce the liver toxicity compared to isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP). Hopefully, RIHP will be considered as a safer way in regional chemotherapy in liver cancer.

Objective To evaluate out-patient individual health education prescription by diabetes nurse specialist on related knowledge of type-2 diabetes mellitus and blood glucose.Then combined with patient satisfaction surveys to explore the intervention value of out-patient individual health education prescription.Methods 100 out-patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus were chosen,and gave them individual health education prescription by evaluate individual condition and existing problems with previous treatment protocol unchanged,the prescription content included individual condition,diet,exercise,medication instructions and disease condition monitoring.The grasp of related knowledge of type-2 diabetes mellitus and satisfaction degree with diabetes nurse specialist were investigated by questionnaires.Results 3 months after individual health education,The grasp of related knowledge of type-2 diabetes mellitus,blood glucose and 2 hours' postprandial blood glucose greatly alleviated.Total satisfaction degree of patients reached 94%.Conclusions Paying attention to individualized instruction and out-patient individual health prescription in prevention and treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus accords with humanization of nursing service,and is a powerful measure to improve health education quality.

The effects of betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic lupane-type triterpene, on the cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis in human leukemia K562 cells were investigated. The effects of BA on the growth of K562 cells were studied by MTT assay. Apoptosis was assayed through Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double-labeled cytometry. The effects of BA on the cell cycle of K562 cells were studied by a PI method. The expression of Bax and capase-3 was detected by using Western blot. The results showed that BA was cytotoxic to K562 cells with an IC(50) of 21.26 mug/mL at 24 h. After treating K562 cells with 10 mug/mL BA for 72 h, the number of cells was reduced by 58%. BA induced apoptosis of K562 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The proportion of cells in G(0)/G(1) and G(2)/M phases was decreased and that in S phase was increased after K562 cells were treated with BA for 24 h. BA treatment also increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3. It suggested that BA could inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells through the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The antitumor effects of BA were related with up-regulation of the expression of Bax and caspase-3 proteins. BA may qualify for the development of new therapies for leukemia.

Objective To investigate the hemodynamics and structural effect of rat endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) transplant on pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) induced by monocrotaline(MCT) in rats.Methods EPCs were identified and marked.Twenty-one days after injection of EPCs,the pulmonary hemodynamic parame- ters,average pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP),right heart index were determined.The vascular endothelial cells and pulmonary vascular structural changes were verified by fluoresccuse microscope.Results Compared with the model,EPCs treatment(n=10) decreased mPAP significantly (mPAP,EPCs:25.9?0.7 mmHg vs model group:29.3?2.2 mmHg,P

Objective To determine if nitric oxide(NO)is involved in the protective effect of propefolpretreatment(PP)against ischemia-reperfusion injury(I/R).Methods Eighteen male SD rats weighing 250-350 gwere randomly divided into 3 groups(n=6 each):A normal control;B I/R and C PP+I/R.The animals werekilled by a knock on the head.Hearts were immediately removed and passively perfused in a Langendorff apparatusat 37℃ with oxygenated(95% O_2,5% CO_2)Krebs-Hensleit(KH)solution at 90 cm H_20.In group B and C thehearts were subjected to 35 min global ischemia by suspension of perfusion followed by 120 min reperfusion.Ingroup C the hearts were perfused with KH solution containing 50 ?mol?L~(-1) propofol for 10 min followed by 10 minpropefol wash-out before I/R.At the end of reperfusion myocardial specimen was obtained from left ventricle andhomogenized for determination of the activities of total NOS(iNOS+cNOS)aand SOD and expression of iNOS andheme-oxygenase-1(HO-1)and content of NO,The relationship between the NO content and activity and/orexpression of these protein and enzyme were analyzed by correlation analysis.Myocardium was examined with lightand electron microscope.Results The myocardial NO content,tNOS activity and tSOD activity were significantlylower in group B than in group A and C and there was no significant difference in NO content,and activity of tNOSand tSOD between group A and C.The NO content was positively correlated with tNOS and negatively correlatedwith Mn-SOD aetivety and HO-1 expression.Microscopic examination showed severe cell injury or necrosis in groupB but little injury in group C.Conclusion Ischemia and reperfusion decrease activity of tNOS and SOD butincrease HO-1 expression resulting in decrease in NO content.Propofol pretreatment protects the heart from I/Rinjury through increase in NOS and antioxidases(Mn-SOD,HO-1).

AIM:To investigate the changes of CD27 and CD28 expression on cytokine-induced killer(CIK) cells and natural killer(NK) cells during cultivation.METHODS:The mononuclear cells were treated with interleukin-12(IL-2),IL-7,IL-15,stem cell factor and FLT3 ligand for four weeks. The CD27 and CD28 expression on CD3+CD56+ CIK cells and CD3-CD56+ NK cells were examined by flow cytometric analysis every week during four-week cultivation.RESULTS:The expression of CD27 on CIK and NK cells two weeks after cultivation reached the peak value at(44.57?4.07)% and(51.02?5.20)%,respectively. Then,their expression declined gradually to about 30% in the fourth week. The expression of CD28 on CIK and NK cells reached the peak at the third and the second week,the values were (4.40?0.66)% and (45.14?3.58)%,respectively,decreased rapidly and then were almost completely lost at the fourth week. CONCLUSION:According to the changes of expressions of CD27 and CD28 on CIK/NK cells,optimal harvest time of cultured CIK/NK cells should be at the third week of cultivation.