Indirect ELISA was employed to monitor the serum anti-UEA(urea soluble egg antigen of Schistosoma japonicum )antibody level of mice immunized by a. UEA pulsed macrophage (M + ); b. Cultural supernatant of M+; c. paraformaldehyde fixed M(P -M)pulsed with UEA; d. Ammonium chloride treated M0 (NH4Cl-M0) pulsed with UEA, e. P -M0 pulsed with trypsin digested UEA (T-UEA ); f. NH4C1-M pulsed with T-UEA. The normal M its supernatant and the culture media RPMI 1640 acted as the negative control.The results showed : 1. Serum anti-UEA antibody levels of mice immunized by a and b raised markedly, indicating that the immunogenicity of UEA might be kept up after M processing and the antigenic message could be transferred either by the M+ or by its supernatant; 2. Mice immunized by c and d gave similar results, but the anti-UEA antibody level of the former was higher than that of the latter, suggesting that polyformaldehyde could not alter the UEA binding site on the surface of M; 3. In the case of mice immunized by e and f , the antibody levels were much lower than that of mice immunized by c and d, suggesting that UEA binding sites on M surface as well as UEA immunogenicity could be changed by trypsin.

The horseradish peroxidase labeled affinity purified mice anti-UEA (Urea soluable egg antigen of Schistosoma japonicum) antibody was used in enzyme-linked immunoe ectrotransfer blot (EITB) te monitor the changes after UEA being processed by M?.The immune respon-sive peptides were delected in the culture supernatant and homogenate of M? pulsed with UEA in vitro (M?+).After processing by M? the high molecular weight UEA was cleaved into low molecular weight peptides,as shown,by the reactive bands.They markedly differed from that native UEA or trypsin-digested UEA; The bands of M? supernatant and homogenate showed similarity with certain quantitative differences.According to the result described above,we considered: 1.UEA could be processed into smaller pieces by M?,the style of processing is cleavage.2.The processed peptides might be released to extracellular environment.

Objective To map out the binding site of P195,which is the major protein on the surface of P.falciparum merozoites,to human erythrocytes,and offer a basis for designing malaria vaccine to blockade invasion of merozoites into human erythrocytes.Methods Eight proteins derived from P195 were expressed in E.coli,and purified by Ni-chelare affinity chromatography.There after,the eight fragments and rabbit serums immunized by which were added into culture medium of P.fatciparum in vitro respectively.Twenty-four hours later,the invasion of merozoite to erythrocyte was observed.Results The antibodies which were induced by three fragments of P195,M6(Amino Acid,AA384～595),M7(AA 595～897)and M11(AA 1397～1563)could inhibit the invasion of P.falciparum merozoite into human erythrocytes.Especially,one fragment of P195,M6,had the ability to inhibit the invasion of P.falciparum merozoite into human erythrocytes.Conclusion M6,a fragment of P195 on the merozoite of P.falciparum may contain a domain thought to be involved in the recognition of human erythrocyte.The domain can be used as a candidate antigen for a malaria vaccine.

AIM:To understand the interaction between a195- kilodalton protein,P195, on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite and human erythrocyte.METHODS:P195 was expressed in eight fragments in E.coli.After being refolded,the expressed proteins were la- belled with12 5 I,and incubated with human erythrocytes.RESULTS:According to binding assay, three fragments of P195:M3,M6,M9were found to have ability to bind to human erythrocyte. M6,which is equal to amino acid( AA) sequence from384 to595,could bind to human erythro- cytes but not to trypsin treated human erythrocytes,and the binding could be eluted by low p H buffer solution. M3( AA 12 3to 30 2 ) and M9( AA 10 78to 12 51) also have the ability to bind to human erythrocytes,but the binding was not affected by trypsin treatment and low p H buffer elu- tion. CONCL USION:The binding site of M6might be a surface protein receptor of human ery- throcytes,while the binding site of M3and M9might be an intracellular componentof human ery- throcyte.

Objective To study dynamic change for the prevalence of the hyperlipidemia and the plasma lipids level of staff and workers in group in China Ocean Petroleum so as to provide the evidence for the prevention of the patients suffered from hyperlipidemia. Method Four thousand eight hundred and nin-ty-nine workers fmished blood fat test and blood fat data separately for two times in 1998 and 2004. Results The TC average value of males rose to (5.68 ± 0.99) mmol/L from (5.46 ± 1.08) mmol/L and the TC av-erage value of females rose to (5.79 ± 0.99) mmol/L from (5.42 ± 1.04) mmol/L,both were statistical sig-nificant difference(P < 0.01 ).The TG average value of males rose to ( 1.65 ± 1.31 ) mmol/L from ( 1.48 ± 1.29) mmol/L and the TG average value of females rose to (1.46 ± 1.09) mmol/L from (1.28 ± 1.17) mmol/L,both were statistical significant difference (P < 0.01 ). The gross hyperlipidemia,HTC,HTG rate rose to 58.9%,45.1%,32.4% from 46.2%,32.1%,25.7% for the males and those rose to 58.0%,49.6%,26.2% from 42.0%,31.2%,19.3% for the females ,all were statistical significant difference (P < 0.01 ).After 6 years,the males control rate of the HTC and HTG were 27.5% and 29.9%,the females control rate of the HTC and HTG were 25.1% and 34.0%. Conclusions The staff and workers suffered from high hyperlipidemia and lipid level is higher in man group in China Ocean Petroleum and also faster. Treatment control rate of hyperlipidemia was very lower .Therefore,the prevention measure must be taken as fast as possible to reduce lipid level and hyperlipidemia patient's rate actively and improve control rate.

Purpose:To study HER-2/neu gene amplification and expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and their clinical significance.Methods:HER-2/neu gene amplification and expression in NPC tissues were detected with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH,Vysis PathVysion TM kit) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immounhistochemistry (IHC,DAKO Herceptin Test TM kit).Results:No HER-2/neu gene amplification but gene overexpression was detected in NPC. HER-2/neu overexpression was caused by mRNA overexpression.Conclusions:HER-2/neu gene has not been amplified,but overexpressed,thus HER-2/neu gene overexpression did not show prognostic significance in NPC.

Objective:To introduce the Australian Life Saving Drugs Program ( LSDP) and provide references for medical assistance system for the rare diseases in China. Methods:The main content and characteristics of LSDP were analyzed and compared with the Chinese status quo valuation. Results:Through the orphan drug designation and cost-effectiveness evaluation, eligible drugs are included in LSDP and funded to the rare disease patients. LSDP stip-ulated the strict funding criteria and conditions, established the Guidelines and Disease Advisory Committees, and processed the post-market reviews program in order to guarantee the medication requirements of the patients. Conclu-sions:The Australian experience is worth learning and China should implement a country-led management system for the rare disease and orphan drugs, and explore a medical assisstance system in line with the Chinese national condi-tion based on the catastrophic medical insurances.

BACKGROUND:The development of minimaly invasive technology significantly reduces the occurrence of surgical complications due to spinal metastases. Currently, the minimaly invasive treatment basicaly has three broad categories: vertebral cement augmentation, radiofrequency ablation combined with vertebroplasty, intraoperative radiotherapy combined with vertebroplasty. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research progress of three kinds of minimaly invasive treatments for spinal metastases. METHODS:PubMed and Wanfang databases were searched using the keywords of spinal metastases, vertebroplasty, radiofrequency ablation, radiotherapy in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Vertebral cement augmentation with good analgesic effect has been used widely, and the efficiency is up to 80%-90%. But its effect to kil tumors is very limited that is unable to control tumor growth. Radiofrequency ablation and radiation can kil the tumor, but cannot rebuild the vertebral stability. Therefore, the combination of different technologies can improve the therapeutic effect on spinal tumors. In recent years, intraoperative radiation and implantation of radioactive particles or radioactive bone cement have been developed as new technologies. However, there is no conclusion that these new technologies have better outcomes than the vertebral cement augmentation because of less reports and lack of long-term folow-up. Especialy in the metastatic patients with damaged vertebral posterior wal and tumors invaded into vertebral canal, the risk of nerve function damage caused by bone cement leakage is stil very high, even after many attempts. Above al, there is no a perfect minimaly invasive treatment for spinal metastases.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of the serial position effect combined with delayed recall of auditory verbal learning test in diagnosing the elderly patients with different levels of cognitive impairment.Methods:A total of 310 subjects were enrolled and divided into three groups: the normal control group(NC group, n=128), the mild cognitive impairment group(MCI group, n=133)and the mild Alzheimer's disease group(mild AD group, n=149)matched for gender, age and education level.Comprehensive neuro-psychological tests were performed on all subjects, and the Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Huashan version(AVLT-H)was used to analyze the serial position effect.Results:There were significant differences in the primacy effect of the second and third time of immediate recall, short-term and long-term delayed recall among the three groups( P<0.05), but no difference was found in the recency effect between the MCI and mild AD groups( P>0.05). The long-term delayed primacy effect combined with the short-term delayed recall showed a better validity to distinguish those elderly subjects with different levels of cognitive impairment than other memorial indexes, and the correlative sensitivity and specificity were 83.21% and 71.43%(NC group vs.MCI group), 85.71% and 92.86%(NC group vs.mild AD group), 66.67% and 75.57%(MCI group vs.mild AD group), respectively. Conclusions:The long-term delayed primacy effect combined with the short-term delayed recall can assist in distinguishing elderly patients with different levels of cognitive impairment.

Objective To investigate the mRNA level of glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the plasma protein level of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to analyze their association with glucocorticoid (GC) resistance.Methods One hundred and six patients with SLE and thirty-eight healthy controls were enrolled in this study.Transcription levels of GRα and HSP90 were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the protein level of plasma MIF.The association between these parameters and GC resistance was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis.The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for GC resistance.Results The mRNA level of GRα and HSP90 in GC resistance group was significantly lower than that in GC sensitive group [10.18(3.12,17.20) vs 16.83(12.01,24.18), P =0.001;18.46(14.77,26.45) vs 25.84 (17.97,35.90), P =0.005].MIF protein level in GC resistance group was significantly higher than that in GC sensitive group [(23.21 ±7.98) μg/L vs (18.34 ±6.29)μg/L;P =0.013].The mRNA level of HSP90 in the high MIF group was significantly lower than that in the low MIF group [23.67 (13.84,28.32) vs 26.64 (23.61,47.16);P =0.001], as well as HSP90/GRαratio(P =0.008).Additionally, the plasma protein level of MIF was negatively correlated with HSP90 (r =-0.275, P =0.004) and HSP90/GRα ratio(r =-0.341, P ＜ 0.001).SLE activity index score in GC resistance group was significantly higher than that in GC sensitive group [(12.23 ±2.86) μg./L vs (9.63 ± 3.48) μg/L;P =0.003].Logistic regression model indicated that disease activity was an independent risk factor for GC resistance (OR =17.481, 95％ CI 1.747-174.903, P =0.015).Conclusions Our preliminary findings suggest that low mRNA level of GRα and HSP90 and high protein level of MIF are associated with GC resistance.Elevated MIF level in SLE patients may play an important role in the development of GC resistance through down-regulating HSP90 and destabilizing the balance of HSP90/ Grα.Disease activity is the risk factor for GC resistance, which might be the viable evidence of therapy response.