Aged ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; virology

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Baichanting Compound (BC) on dopamine (DA) in striatum of Parkinson's disease (PD) mice, and to screen the optimal component proportion.

METHODSThe PD model was established in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced C57BL/6 mice. By using uniform design, they were intervened by three extracts of BC in different proportions [Acanthopanax senticosus extract (X1): white peony root extract (X2): Uncaria rhynchophylla extract (X3) = 30.00: 34.92: 82.50, 48.00: 19.98: 72.19, 18.00: 44.88: 61.88, 36.00: 29.94: 51.56, 54.00: 15.00: 41.25, 24.00: 39.90: 30.94, 42.00: 24.96: 20.63). Equal volume of 5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium was administered to mice in the model group and the normal group by gastrogavage. All medication was lasted for 20 successive days. The dopamine (DA) content was determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Except 10 in the normal group, 20 PD model mice were screened and divided into the model group and the BC group (with the optimal proportion) according to random digit table. BC extract in optimal proportion was administered to mice in the BC group by gastrogavage, while equal volume of 5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium was administered to mice in the model group and the normal group by gastrogavage. All medication was lasted for 20 successive days. Praxiology was observed in each group. DA content in striatum was also detected. Results Compared with the normal group, the DA content in striatum decreased significantly in the model group (P < 0.01), suggesting a successful PD modeling. Compared with the model group, the DA content in striatum increased significantly in 1 and 2 groups (P<0.05). According to results of quadratic polynomial stepwise regression statistics, the regression equation obtained was: Y = 0.265 + 0.026 X 2 - 0.056 X 3 + 0.334 x 10(-3) x X1 x X3 + 0.691 x 10(-3) X X3(2). X3 extract was the main factor influencing the effectiveness (P < 0.01). The optimal proportion of BC was predicted by the regression equation: X1 = 54.00 mg/(kg x d), X2 = 44.88 mg/(kg x d), the X3 = 82.50 mg/(kg x d). The pole climbing time was shortened, times of autonomic activities increased, DA content was elevated, all with statistical difference in BC groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBC could increase DA content in PD model mice with the optimal proportion as 54.00: 44.88: 82.50.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dopamine ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Mass Spectrometry ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Motor Activity ; Parkinson Disease ; drug therapy ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe effects of different interference orders of acupuncture and exercise therapy on the therapeutic effect.

METHODSThe patients of hemiplegia after stroke in the stage of recovery were randomly divided into two groups: raising handclasp of Bobath after electroacupuncture at Quchi (LI 11) and Hegu (LI 4) on the affected side or electroacupuncture at Quchi (LI 11) and Hegu (LI 4) on the affected side after raising handclasp of Bobath. The changes of SEP on the affected side were recorded and compared.

RESULTSSEP on the affected side significantly increased in the patients after treatment of simple electroacupuncture or exercise therapy (P < 0.01), with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was a very significant difference in SEP on the affected side between the group of exercise treatment after electroacupuncture and the group of electroacupuncture after exercise therapy (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONBoth electroacupuncture and exercise therapy can immediately improve SEP of the patient in the recovery stage, and the groups of the different interference orders of electroacupuncture and exercise have different effects on SEP, and raising handclasp of Bobath after electroacupuncture is better for improvement in cerebral function of the patient.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; Exercise Therapy ; Female ; Hemiplegia ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stroke ; physiopathology ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical and pathological features of IgG4-related disease (IgG4RD).

METHODSThe clinical data, laboratory profiles, radiological, pathological and therapeutic features of eight cases of IgG4RD were analyzed. This cohort included two cases of common bile duct and partial hepatectomy specimens, two of submandibular gland excision specimens, one from lung biopsy specimen, one from open lung biopsy specimen, one from renal biopsy specimen, and one from renal excision specimen. In all cases, adequate lesion tissues were obtained. They were paraffin embedded, HE stained, and additional special stains and immunohistochemistry performed (MaxVision method).

RESULTSThis series consisted of five males and three females, with a mean age of onset of 60 years. Five cases were suspected to be malignant pre-operatively, including two cases suspected of common bile duct carcinoma, two suspected of salivary gland tumor, and one suspected of renal pelvic carcinoma. Elevated serum levels of IgG4 and IgE were detected in five cases and eosinophilia in four cases. Multi-organ involvement was noted in four cases. The major histopathological features associated with IgG4-RD were: dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, with lymphoid follicle formation. Extensive eosinophilic infiltrate (> 10/HPF) was seen in four cases; fibrosis that was arranged at least focally in a storiform pattern was also noted. The numbers of IgG4 positive plasma cells were > 20-50/HPF, while the IgG4 to IgG ratio was more than 40%. Obliterative phlebitis was present in four cases. Other pathological changes such as necrotizing vasculitis or lymphoma were not found. Five patients responded well to glucocorticoids.

CONCLUSIONSIgG4RD has relatively specific histopathological features; accurate evaluation of the absolute and relative number of IgG4 positive plasma cells in lesional tissue, combining with clinical examination and exclusion of other causes of elevated IgG4, allows the diagnosis of IgG4RD. IgG4RD has complicated clinical manifestation, and glucocorticoids therapy is efficacious.

Biopsy ; Common Bile Duct Neoplasms ; blood ; pathology ; Female ; Fibrosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney Neoplasms ; blood ; pathology ; Kidney Pelvis ; pathology ; Lung ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plasma Cells ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms ; blood ; pathology

Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Immunohistochemistry ; Spectrum Analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathologic features and 19q13.42 gene changes in embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes (ETMR).

METHODSImmunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed in three ETMRs.

RESULTSThe average age of the patients were 34 months. Imaging revealed huge masses with inhomogeneous enhancement and two cases showed cystic lesions. Follow-up data showed 14 and 38 months survival in two children, the third had a recurrence 4 months after operation. Morphologically, the tumor was mainly composed of dense small primitive neuroepithelial cells in patchy or multilayer rosettes within a background of advanced neuronal differentiation, containing neurocytes, ganglion cells, and neuropil-like background. Immunohistochemical staining showed the neuronal marker, synaptophysin, was positive in differentiated areas. Nestin as a neural stem cell marker was immunoreactive in the primitive neuroepithelial cells including multilayered rosettes. Neurons with positive expression of NeuN were observed occasionally. Ki-67 index was up to 40%-80% in the undifferentiated cells and rosettes, but was only 1%-3% in the differentiated areas. CD99 was positive in perivascular papillary pattern areas in one case. 19q13.42 amplification was detected in more than 30% of tumor cells in all cases.

CONCLUSIONSETMR is a unique entity with distinctive clinical and pathological features. Chromosome 19q13.42 abnormality is valuable for confirming the diagnosis and for further treatment research.

Antigens, Nuclear ; genetics ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 ; genetics ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; genetics ; pathology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; genetics ; Neuropil ; pathology ; Synaptophysin ; genetics

The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) family mainly includes CGRPα, CGRPβ, adrenomedullin, calcitonin and amylin. The members of CGRP family and their receptors are widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Studies show that members of CGRP family such as CGRP and adrenomedullin play important roles in the transmission of nociceptive information. At spinal level, CGRP promotes the transmission of nociceptive information, spinal morphine tolerance, migraine, inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. At superspinal level, CGRP suppresses the transmission of nociceptive information. Adrenomedullin is a pain-related neuropeptide which has recently been demonstrated. It facilitates the transmission of nociceptive information and is involved in the development and maintenance of opioid tolerance. The involvement of amylin and calcitonin in pain is not clear yet.
Adrenomedullin ; physiology ; Analgesics, Opioid ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; physiology ; Drug Tolerance ; Humans ; Islet Amyloid Polypeptide ; physiology ; Nociception ; Pain ; physiopathology

BACKGROUNDIgA nephropathy is the major cause of end-stage renal failure in patients with primary glomerular diseases. Tumor suppressor cylindromatosis (CYLD), the recently identified member of the deubiquitinating enzymes, has been actively involved in regulation of inflammation. This study was undertaken to investigate the CYLD expression profile in IgA nephropathy and identify factors associated with CYLD expression.

METHODSForty-one cases of IgA nephropathy were selected. CYLD expression in the kidney biopsy tissue was measured by immunohistochemical staining. Relevant clinical and pathological data were analyzed, and Logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with CYLD expression.

RESULTSCYLD was specifically expressed in renal tubular epithelial cells in 70% of the studied patients with IgA nephropathy. All patients with positive CYLD staining had proteinuria, while only 72.7% of patients with negative CYLD had proteinuria (P = 0.003). Among studied proteinuric patients, those with positive CYLD had significantly less tubulo-interstitial lesions and higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels when compared with those patients showed negative CYLD results. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the urinary protein excretion and eGFR were identified as predictors for the CYLD expression.

CONCLUSIONCYLD is expressed in renal tubular epithelial cells and appears to be associated negatively with tubulointerstitial lesions, however, its exact functional role remains to be clarified in further experiments.

Deubiquitinating Enzyme CYLD ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney Diseases ; metabolism ; Logistic Models ; Proteinuria ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; metabolism

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Exons ; Factor VIII ; genetics ; Hemophilia A ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation

BACKGROUNDEndogenous estrogen plays a very important role in the carcinogenesis and progression of breast cancer. The enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of estrogen have been proposed to contribute to this effect. To examine this hypothesis, we conducted a case-control study to investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of genes responsible for estrogen biosynthesis (CYP17, cytochrome P450c17a and CYP19, aromatase cytochrome P450) and estrogen sulfation of inactivation (SULT1A1, sulfotransferase1A1) and the risk of breast cancer in Chinese women.

METHODSThis study involved 213 breast cancer patients and 430 matched controls. PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and short tandem repeat polymorphism (STRP) assays were used to detect the mononucleotide transition of CYP17 and SULT1A1 and tandem repeat polymorphism of CYP19. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine OR and 95% CI of each and all three high-risk genotypes, of all three genotypes combined, and of estrogen exposure factors. The relationship between each high-risk genotype and clinicalpathological characteristics were also assessed.

RESULTSThe frequency of A2 allele of CYP17 was 49.8% in cases and 49.1% in controls (P = 0.82). The frequency of His allele of SULT1A1 was significantly higher in cases (13.6%) than in controls (9.5%) (P < 0.05). There was also significant difference of the (TTTA) 10 allele of CYP19 which was 12.4% in cases and 8.2% in controls (P < 0.05). When the CYP17 A2 allele, CYP19 (TTTA) 10 and SULT1A1 His allele were considered as the "putative high-risk" genotype, there was an increased risk of breast cancer with the number of high-risk genotypes in a dose-response effect (trend, P = 0.05). In multivariate analysis, the SULT1A1 genotype remained the most significant determinant for breast cancer, with OR = 2.37 (95% CI 1.23-4.74), followed by CYP19, with OR = 1.75 (95% CI 1.27-3.56). The (TTTA) 10 allele of CYP19 was associated with tumor size, and the His allele of SULT1A1 associated with status of lymph node metastasis.

CONCLUSIONSThis study supports the hypothesis that breast cancer can be initiated by estrogen exposure and that estrogen metabolizing genes are involved in this mechanism. This multigenic model is useful for identifying individuals who are at higher risks of breast cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Aromatase ; genetics ; Arylsulfotransferase ; genetics ; Breast Neoplasms ; etiology ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Estrogens ; metabolism ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Risk Factors ; Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase ; genetics