OBJECTIVE To investigate the dynamic changes in urine metabolic profiles in rats induced by D-galactose (D-Gal),and to study the correlations between the differential metabolites and behavior indicators using the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)-based metabonomics.METHODS Subcutaneous injection of D-Gal 100 mg· kg-1 for 10 weeks was adopted in the model group.The sample of urine was collected at day 0 (dO),d14,d28,d42,d56 and d70.NMR metabonomics technique was used for acquisition of data,which was analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis.The ability of learning and memory were measured by Morris water maze test from d70.After the behavioral test,the rats were sacrificed and the hippocampus was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.RESULTS Principal component analysis (PCA) results revealed that there was considerable difference between the model group and the normal control group at d70.According to the varible importance plot (VIP) calculation and S-plot scores,a total of 12 metabolites were screened and identified as potential biomarkers at d70.The differences of metabolites and Morris water maze test were subjected to correlation analysis,and the results showed that the levels of choline,lactate and dimethylglycine in the model group were significantly increased and negatively correlated with the times of crossing the platform (r =-0.90,-0.50 and-0.52;n=10).Formate was significantly negatively correlated with the time spent in the target area (r =-0.51,n=10),but choline and formate were significantly positively correlated with the escape latency (r =0.72 and 0.53;n=10).However,the levels of creatine and taurine decreased in the model group,which was significantly positively correlated to the times of acrossing platforms (r =0.89 and 0.71;n=10),while alanine was significantly positively correlated to the time spent in the target area(r =0.74,n=10).Taurine,alanine and creatine were significantly negatively correlated with the escape latency (r =-0.66,-0.50 and-0.85;n=10).The correlations between the differential metabolites and the behavioral indicators were further proved.CONCLUSION The metabolic profile changes in urine from D-Gal induced aging model rats are significantly correlated with impairement of ability in learning and memory.1H-NMR metabonomics in urinary metabolic profile changes may be used as an evaluation index in the D-Gal induced aging rats model.

Objective To study the changes in interleukin-32 (IL-32) in rats with Klebsiella bacillus pneumonia and approach its significance. Methods Seventy-two Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were divide into control group,model group and experimental group by the method of random digits table,then the experimental group was subdivided into 4 hours and 1,3 and 5 days experimental subgroups(each n=6). The rat model of Klebsiella bacillus pneumonia was established by injection of 0.3 mL Klebsiella bacterial suspension into the trachea. Before the establishment of the model in the experimental group,IL-32 inhibitory agent,protease activated receptor-2(PAR2) was injected into the abdominal cavity. After model establishment,at different time points,blood was collected via tail vein to observe the changes in serum levels of IL-32,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),IL-6 and IL-8 in all the groups. The lungs were removed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin(HE)method to investigate the histopathological changes of the lung tissues under the light microscope. Results Compared to the control group, with the prolongation of time the levels of IL-32,TNF-α,IL-8 and IL-6 were increased gradually in the model group,and reached their peaks at 3 days〔IL-32(ng/L):84.40±28.24 vs. 18.57±3.86,t=5.544,P=0.002;TNF-α(ng/L):79.27±14.64 vs. 17.82±3.86, t=9.994, P=0.000;IL-8(ng/L):55.85±10.90 vs. 16.66±3.76,t=8.544, P=0.000;IL-6(ng/L):56.65±2.57 vs. 28.48±2.11,t=19.693,P=0.000〕;PAR2 could inhibit above indexes significantly,there was statistical difference at 3 days compared with the model group〔IL-32(ng/L):54.13±6.68 vs. 84.40±28.24,t=2.560,P=0.046;TNF-α(ng/L):49.12±3.56 vs. 79.27±14.64,t=4.901,P=0.003;IL-8 (ng/L):22.95±2.52 vs. 55.85±10.90,t=7.204,P=0.000;IL-6(ng/L):36.49±2.63 vs. 56.65±2.57,t=13.443, P=0.000〕. Under the light microscope,the inflammatory changes in the lung tissue in experimental group were milder than those in the model group. Conclusion As a pro-inflammatory cytokine,IL-32 can induce the production of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-8,and the inhibition of IL-32 production may play a role in suppression of the development of Klebsiella bacillus pneumonia.

AIM: To investigate the effect of advanced glycosylation end products(AGEs) modified protein on morphological changes of actin cytoskeleton in primary endothelial cells and the role of MAPK signaling pathways in this pathological procedure.METHODS: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) were incubated with AGEs modified human serum albumin(AGE-HSA) at concentrations of 12.5,25,50,and 100 mg/L,respectively,for 2,4,8,12 and 24 hours.The cells were treated with different chemical compounds of inhibitors,or adenoviral deliver approach(either dominant positive or negative adenoviral constructs) of MAP kinases to specifically block or activate certain signal transduction pathways under above situations.As control,HSA of the same concentration was administered to cells at the same time.The treated cells were incubated with FITC-phalloidin to stain F-actin.RESULTS: F-actin in HUVECs was rearranged greatly by AGEs in a concentration and time-dependent manners.The unmodified HSA did not influence Factin distributions.The AGEs-induced changes were blocked by pretreatment with SB203580,PD98059 for 30 min,or pre-infection with recombinant virus of dominant negative form of MKK 6b [MKK6b(A)],MEK1 [MEK1(A)] for 24 h,while SP600125 and dominant negative form of MKK7 [MKK7(A)] failed to inhibit the effects of AGEs.Furthermore,the infection of recombinant virus of constitutive active form of MKK6b [MKK6b(E)] or MEK1 [MEK1(E)] could also induced re-arrangement of F-actin,respectively,while the effect elicited by [MKK6b(E)] was abolished by co-infection with recombinant adeno-virus of dominant negative p38?. CONCLUSION: AGEs-induced morphological changes of F-actin in endothelial cells are mediated by p38-and ERK MAPK signal pathways.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of long-term external use of Goupi Gao on renal function and lead accumulation in rats.

METHODRats were externally administered with Goupi Gao at different doses (7, 3.5 and 1.75 g x kg(-1)) for 90 d. At 45 days and 90 days after administration, the renal indicator, levels of blood urea nitrogen (BU) and creatinine (Cr) in serum, beta2-microglobulin (beta2-MG) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in urine were determined. Lead content in kidneys was detected by atomic absorption spectrometry.

RESULTA 90-day administration with Goupi Gao significantly enhanced the renal indicator, levels of NAG in urine and lead content in renal, when compared with the normal rats. However, the levels of BUN and beta2-MG as well as renal pathology in Goupi Gao treated rats were not obviously changed.

CONCLUSIONConsecutive administration of Goupi Gao for 90 days can increase the renal indicator and levels of NAG in urine, enhance the accumulation of lead in renal, but with no effect on excretory function of kidneys and organic changes.

Acetylglucosaminidase ; urine ; Animals ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Creatinine ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; toxicity ; Female ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lead ; analysis ; metabolism ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; beta 2-Microglobulin ; urine

OBJECTIVETo observe dynamic changes of blood lead concentration in rats with long-term toxicity test with Goupi Gao by the flame atomic absorption spectrometry, in order to provide reference for safe administration of Goupi Gao.

METHODThe rats were administered with Goupi Gao by high-dose (7 g x kg(-1)), medium-dose (3.5 g x kg(-1)), low-dose (1.75 g x kg(-1)) by external use for consecutively 90 days. Then, the blood samples were collected from the rats before the administration and at 10, 30, 45, 52, 60, 90 d after the administration respectively, as well as 16 d and 28 d after the drug withdrawal. The samples were dispelled with microwave digestion system and then were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for blood lead levels.

RESULTAccording to methodological study, the standard curve regression equation in this experiment was A = 0.004 9X + 0. 017, r = 0.999 5, with the detection limit up to 0. 380 microg x L(-1). The RSD was 1.4% by precision checks. Blood lead level of mixed blood samples was 175.77 microg x L(-1), whose RSD was 6. 0%. Blood lead concentration gradually increased after low-dose and medium-dose administration to rats and became stable at the 10th day and the 30th day by high-dose. Dose is directly related to blood lead concentration. Meanwhile, the blood lead concentration decreases after the drug withdrawal.

CONCLUSIONThe method of determination in this experiment is so accurate and reliable that it can be used for the determination of blood lead. Long-term and high-dose external use of Goupi Gao can increase blood lead.

Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; toxicity ; Female ; Lead ; blood ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; methods ; Time Factors ; Toxicity Tests

External treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a common treatment for lumbar disc herniation, which mainly includes fumigation and washing of TCM, and hot ironing therapy. It can cooperate with oral administration of TCM, Tuina, acupuncture and other therapies to play a synergistic effect and enhance the efficacy. External application of TCM in the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation is effective with long duration, easy-operated and safe It has showed curative effect in alleviating clinical symptoms and improving lumbar function. Its mechanism mainly includes regulating nerve inflammatory reaction, improving hemorheology and exerting analgesic effect.

Depression is a complex mental disease with polygenic inheritance and a high incidence.Our understanding of the clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of depression has recently improved.Continuous progress in gene-editing technologies has increased the construction efficiency and reduced the cost of gene-knockout animals,leading to their increasing use in the fields of basic research and drug development for depression and providing a powerful tool for revealing the pathogenesis of depression.In this review,we summarize recent progress in understanding the roles and mechanisms of candidate genes in depression using knockout model mice.

Objective To explore methods of culturing peritonealdialysate pathogen in patients with peritoneal dialysisrelated peritonitis, providing reliable basis for more effective clinical treatment. Methods 235 patients with peritoneal dialysis related peritonitis were selected from the Department of Nephrology of Xijing Hospital Affiliated to the Air Force Medical University from January 2015 to December 2018, and they were randomly divided into four groups. Group A (traditional group,n=58): 10 ml peritoneal dialysate were directly extracted and then injected into blood bottle culture. Group B (suspension group,n=58):10 ml extracted peritoneal dialysate were placed for 1 hour then injected into blood bottle culture. Group C (centrifugation group,n=59): 50 ml extracted peritoneal dialysate were centrifuged for 15 min, and whose supernatant sediment was suspended by 5 ml sodium chloride solution of 9% and then injected into the blood culture bottle. Group D (suspension+ centrifugation group,n=60): After the dialysate were given to patients and placed for 1 hour, 50 ml peritoneal dialysate was extracted and centrifuged for 15 min, and whose supernatant sediment was suspended by 5 ml sodium chloride solution of 9% and then injected into the blood culture bottle. The positive culture rates were observed and compared in these four groups. Results There was a statistically significance in the differences of the positive culture rates of the 4 groups, which were 55.2 %, 70.7 %, 76.3 %, and 86.7 %, respectively(χ2=15.233,P＜ 0.01). Further pairwise comparison indicated that the positive culture rates of centrifuge culture group and suspension + centrifuge culture group was significantly higher than that of traditional culture group(χ2=5.787, 14.262;P＜ 0.01). Conclusions The positive culture rate of peritoneal dialysate pathogen would be increased through the culturing method of suspension + centrifugation, providing basis for the subsequent treatment and estimation of peritonitis.

Objective:To design a multifunctional peritoneal dialysis specimen device box for peritoneal equilibration test (PET) and retention of adequacy specimens for convenient clinical use.Methods:The convenient sampling was used to select 90 patients who planned to perform PET and dialysis adequacy assessments in Department of Nephrology in Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University of PLA from January to December 2018 as research objects. They were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, with 45 cases in each group. Patients in the observation group used a multifunctional peritoneal dialysis specimen retention device to retain and transport peritoneal dialysate specimens, while the control group used traditional methods to retain and transport specimens. The time-consumption, satisfaction rate and specimen error rate of PET and adequacy specimen collection operation were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 82 PET specimens were collected in the observation group and 80 PET specimens were collected in the control group. The time-consumption of specimen of the observation group was shorter than that of the control group, the error rate was lower than that of the control group, and the satisfaction rate was higher than that of the control group. The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . A total of 158 dialysis adequacy specimens were collected from 45 patients in the observation group and 161 dialysis adequacy specimens were collected from 45 patients in the control group. The specimen time-consumption of the observation group was shorter than that of the control group, the error rate was lower than that of the control group, and the satisfaction rate was higher than that of the control group. The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The multifunctional peritoneal dialysis specimen retention device has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient operation and low cost, which saves the operation time of nurses, reduces operation and transportation errors, avoids specimen contamination and has a positive effect on evaluation of clinical peritoneal transport function and adequacy of dialysis and guiding the formulation of dialysis prescriptions.

The clinical practice guidelines for prevention and treatment of postoperative gastrointestinal disorder with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (2023) issued by the Anaesthesia Committee and Perioperative Medicine Committee of the Chinese Society of Integrative Medicine is the first evidence-based guideline for postoperative gastrointestinal disorder in China. It covers the definition, aetiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of postoperative gastrointestinal disorder. Compared with previous expert consensus, this guideline has advantages in terms of scientific and rigorous methodology and is quite representative. Interpreting this guideline can help strengthen clinicians′ understanding of postoperative gastrointestinal disorder and enhance clinical practitioners′ understanding of the methodology of this guideline, thus enabling a better integration of recommendations and evidence for clinical practice and hastening the implementation of the guidelines. It also accelerates the dissemination of the methodological development of guidelines in China, helps clinicians understand the connotation and value of the guidelines, and provides methodological guidance and references for formulating clinical practice guidelines based on the current situation in China and involving other clinical disciplines.