Numerical simulation is one of the most significant methods to predict the temperature distribution in high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy. In this study, the adopted numerical simulation was used based on a transcranial ultrasound therapy model taking a human skull as a reference. The approximation of the Westervelt formula and the Pennes bio-heat conduction equation were applied to the simulation of the transcranial temperature distribution. According to the temperature distribution and the Time Reversal theory, the position of the treatable focal region was corrected and the hot spot existing in the skull was eliminated. Furthermore, the influence of the exposure time, input power and the distance between transducer and skull on the temperature distribution was analyzed. The results showed that the position of the focal region could be corrected and the hot spot was eliminated using the Time Reversal theory without affecting the focus. The focal region above 60 degrees C could be formed at the superficial tis sue located from the skull of 20 mm using the hot spot elimination method and the volume of the focal region increases with the exposure time and the input power in a nonlinear form. When the same volume of the focal region was obtained, the more power was inputted, the less the exposure time was needed. Moreover, the volume of the focal region was influenced by the distance between the transducer and the skull.
Computer Simulation ; High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; therapy ; Skull

Objective To investigate the clinical treatment of nonpenetrated cornea trauma caused by crops. Methods Clinical data of 128 cases of nonpenetrated cornea trauma caused by crops were retrospectively analyzed. According to the interval time between occurrence of trauma and clinic visiting, the patients were divided into 3 groups:group A (33 cases,<24 h), group B (72 cases, 24 h≤interval time<1 week) and group C (23 cases, ≥ 1 week). The therapeutic effects and prognosis were analyzed. Results There was statistical difference in the incidence of corneal ulcer among group A, group B and group C: 6.1% (2/33), 62.5% (45/72) and 100.0% (23/23), χ2= 52.32, P<0.01. In group B, 12 cases were treated with conjunctival flap covering, 2 cases received keratoplasty and 2 cases undertook enucleation. In group C, 10 cases were treated with conjunctival flap covering, 4 cases received keratoplasty and 2 patients undertook enucleation finally. All the other patients were cured with local debridement and medical treatment. Conclusions Patients with nonpenetrated cornea trauma caused by crops may develop infectious keratitis, and prompt and proper treatment can avoid the secondary infection and improve the outcome. Local debridement in combination with iodophors disinfection can prevent the incidence of infectious keratitis. Conjunctival flap covering is an effective technique in the treatment of corneal ulcer caused by nonpenetrated cornea trauma.

Objective To investigate the roles of Arsenic Trioxide to the lupus nephritis in MRL/ lpr mice and the effect on the expression of TGF-pl in the renal tubule. Methods 45 MRL/lpr mice were chosen for such experiment, then separated in 3 different groups, including arsenic trioxide ( ATO) group, cyclophosphamide (CYC) group and sodium chloride (NS) group. Urine of these mice was kept after the treatment to detect the urine protein levels. The pathological changes and the expression of IgG were observed , and the complement 3 of the nephridial tissue as well as the TGF-pl were detected by immunohisto-chemistry. Result The levels of urine protein in ATO group and CTX group were lower than NS group after the treatment ( P <0.05). The expression of IgG along the glomerular mesangium and capillary loop in ATO and CTX groups was less than NS group ( P <0.05). The expression of C3 had no significant difference within three groups ( P > 0.05). The glomcrulus spherulous cells and the integral of activity in ATO group and CTX group were less than that in NS group ( P <0.05). TGF-β1 wildly presented in the epithelial cells endochylema of the nephric tubule, but it was rarely seen in glomcrulus in NS group. The expression in the nephric tubule of ATO group was less than NS group (20.28 ± 1. 90 vs 68. 23 ± 2. 87, P < 0.01) , and the expression in the nephric tubule in CTX group was less than that in NS group (23. 26 ± 1.71 vs 68. 23 ±2. 87, P <0. 01). Conclusion TGF-pl may take part in the immunopathogenesis of lupus nephritis in MRI/lpr mice. ATO can relieve the inflammation of nephric tubule by down regulation the expression of TGF-β1. ATO can also relieve the tissue damage of kidney in lupus nephritis through reducing the inflammation of glomcrulus and interstitial substance,as well as the expression of the immunocomplex.

Objective:To clone the human cell death-inducing DFF45-like effectors 3(CIDE3) full length cDNA for construction the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.l(+)-CIDE3 and to study its bioactivity.Methods:① Total RNA was extracted from human white adipose tissues and the desired cDNA fragment was obtained by RT-PCR.After the fragment had being inserted into an eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.l(+),the resulted recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.l(+)-CIDE3 was transformed into DH5?.The positive clone was selected and confirmed to contain full length of CIDE3 cDNA by agarose gel and DNA sequence analysis.②After the pcDNA3.l(+)-CIDE3 plasmid was transfected into HeLa cells under lipofectamine mediation,the effect of target gene expression on growth of HeLa cells was analysed by TUNEL staining. Results:① The recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.l(+)-CIDE3 was constructed successfully and the sequence of CIDE3 was consistent with that of genebank.②After transfected pcDNA3.l(+)-CIDE3,HeLa cells presented distinguished apoptosis(about 15%),compared with that of transfected plasmid pcDNA3.l(+)(

BACKGROUND:There are reports concerning differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(ADSCs)into chondrocytes using gene transfection technique.However,the transfection of adenovirus and adeno-associated virus into ADSCs is various.It is controversial whether adeno-associated virus(AAV)can transfect ADSCs.OBJECTIVE:To observe the enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP)expression following Ad5-EGFP and rAAV2-EGFP transfection into ADSCs,and investigate the cell proliferation ability following transfection.METHODS:ADSCs were isolated from the adipose tissue,which was from 6-month-old New Zealand albino rabbit back and neck by mechanical digestion and enzyme digestion,then ADSCs were cultured and amplified in vitro.ADSCs were infected with Ad5-EGFP and rAAV2-EGFP,and the EGFP expression was observed.A total of 2 μL sodium butyrate(1 mol/L)was added into the medium after rAAV2-EGFP transfection.MTT assay was used to detect the gene transfection effects on reproductive activity of ADSCs.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:ADSCs isolated and cultured in vitro were flat,long-spindle and amplified stabry.The cell morphology was uniform.Many green fluorescent cells were observed in Ad5-EGFP and rAAV2-EGFP groups.Transfection efficiencies were about 88% and 83%.Adenovirus and adeno-associated virus vector can be transfected with ADSCs,and transfection efficiency is high.Adeno-associated virus needs sodium butyrate to increase its level of gene expression.

Objective The expression of TNF-α was detected in sera of rabbits treated by ulinastatin with acute lung injury in duced by underwater explosion.Methods Rabbits were randomly divided into two groups such as the injured group and ulinastatin therapy group.Established underwater explosion device was used to cause acute lung injury in rabbits.TNF-α in sera of the rabbits were measured by ELISA at 4,12 and 24 hours after the explosion.The SPSS17.0 software was used to analyze the data and P＜0.05 was considered to be significant.Results There was no significant difference between the concentrations of TNF-α in the sera of rabbits in the injure group (538.20±201.43 ng/L) and that of in the ulinastatin group (386.90± 109.22 ng/L,t=2.088,P=0.051) at 4 hours after burst.However,there was evidently decreased in the level of TNF-α in the ulinastatin group (400.60 ± 78.98 ng/L) compared with the injury group (573.80 ± 178.24 ng/L,t =2.809,P =0.012) at 12 hours after burst.Moreover and TNF-α in the ulinastatin group (356.10 ± 130.99 ng/L) was also decreased compared to the injure group (552.30± 169.64 ng/L,t=2.895,P=0.010) at 24 hours after burst.Conclusion The TNF-α expression in sera of the rabbits in ulinastatin group were dramatically decreased than thai of in injury group at 12 hours after burst,which may be benefit to rabbits with acute lung injury induced by underwater explosion.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of probiotics supplementation on the natural killer T cell (NKT cell) and inflammatory factors in children with sepsis and its protective effect on long-term lung function. METHODS: A total of 100 children with sepsis admitted to the department of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Henan Provincial People's Hospital from March 2021 to May 2022 were selected as the research objects. The children were randomly divided into placebo group and probiotic group, 50 cases in each group. In addition to the conventional treatment, the probiotic group was given oral or nasal administration of 0.5 g probiotics, three times a day for 30 days, and the placebo group received oral placebo. 40 healthy children were selected as the healthy control group. The levels of interleukins (IL-4, IL-10), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and immunoglobulin E (IgE), percentages of NKT cell in blood and induced sputum, lung function of the two groups of children with sepsis were measured before treatment, 7 days after treatment, and during follow-up. All these data were compared with those of healthy children. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare the incidence of cough varied cough (CVA) between the two septic groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influence of various factors on the proportion of NKT cells in induced sputum. RESULTS: In the placebo group, 2 cases died and 4 cases were lost to follow-up. In the probiotics group, 3 cases died and 5 cases were lost to follow-up. All the inflammatory factors of two groups decreased slowly after 7 day after treatment. There was no significance in the parameters of the two groups, but the levels of probiotic group declined more evidently. During the follow-up, a further decrease of inflammatory factors in probiotic group could be found, the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly different from those in the placebo group [IL-4 (ng/L): 20.3±9.3 vs. 27.6±11.9, IL-10 (ng/L): 23.1±6.8 vs. 14.4±4.4, both P < 0.05], with a significant decrease in IgE level (μg/L: 53.0±15.6 vs. 64.2±16.9, P < 0.05]. The results of flow cytometry showed that the percentage of NKT cell in peripheral blood in two septic groups decreased gradually, and the proportion of peripheral blood NKT cells in the probiotics group was significantly lower than that in the placebo group after 7 days of treatment [(4.2±0.9)% vs. (5.3±1.2)%, P < 0.05]. In the follow-up, the level of NKT cell in peripheral blood and induced sputum in probiotic group were lower than the placebo group [peripheral blood: (0.024±0.009)% vs. (0.029±0.008)%, induced sputum: (0.025±0.008)% vs. (0.035±0.01)%, both P < 0.05], which were similar to those in the healthy control group. Meanwhile, the percentage of predicted peak expiratory (PEF%) and ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) of probiotic group were higher than those in the placebo group [PEF%: (91.3±4.8)% vs. (85.8±8.6)%, FEV1/FVC ratio: (91.8±4.7)% vs. (87.2±7.4)%, both P < 0.05]. Although there was no significance in the incidence of CVA between two septic groups according to the Kaplan-Meier curve analysis, multiple linear regression analysis showed mechanical ventilation and allergic history were the risk factors for the increase of NKT cells [β values were 0.584, 0.601, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were 0.069 to 1.099, 0.011 to 1.192, P = 0.027, 0.046], and probiotics was an independent protective factor for the relieve of increase in NKT cells (β value was -0.984,95%CI was -1.378 to -0.591, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Application of probiotics to septic children early could promote the recovery of NKT cell and inflammatory factors, and alleviate the lung function injury induced by them during follow-up, which is helpful to improve the long-term prognosis of the patients.
Child ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-4 ; Sepsis ; Probiotics/therapeutic use* ; Lung ; Cough ; Immunoglobulin E

Objective To investigate the symptom clusters and their effect on daily life among the adolescents with osteosarcomaduring chemotherapy. Methods A total of 127 adolescents with osteosarcoma undergoing chemotherapy were enrolled and investigated by using the Chinese version of the M.D.Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI-C).Then exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis were used to identify symptom clusters and the associations of symptom clusters and daily life respectively. Results For adolescents with osteosarcoma during chemotherapy, the high incidence of symptoms are loss of appetite[96.06％(122/127)], nausea[94.49％(120/127)] and fatigue[91.33％(116/127)], the severe sympyoms are loss of appetite[4.00(3.00,5.00) points], fatigue [4.00(3.00,5.00) points] and nausea[3.5(3.00,5.00) points]. Four symptom clusters were identified: gastrointestinal symptom cluster, pain-related symptom cluster, respiratory symptom cluster and neuro symptom cluster. Symptom clusters except neuro symptom cluster were predictors of distress in daily life. Conclusions The incidence of symptoms in adolescents with osteosarcoma during chemotherapyis high. Several symptom clusters significantly affect their daily life . Medical staff should pay attention to the symptom clusters and provide effective symptom management to improve patients'quality of life.

OBJECTIVETo observe dynamic changes of blood lead concentration in rats with long-term toxicity test with Goupi Gao by the flame atomic absorption spectrometry, in order to provide reference for safe administration of Goupi Gao.

METHODThe rats were administered with Goupi Gao by high-dose (7 g x kg(-1)), medium-dose (3.5 g x kg(-1)), low-dose (1.75 g x kg(-1)) by external use for consecutively 90 days. Then, the blood samples were collected from the rats before the administration and at 10, 30, 45, 52, 60, 90 d after the administration respectively, as well as 16 d and 28 d after the drug withdrawal. The samples were dispelled with microwave digestion system and then were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for blood lead levels.

RESULTAccording to methodological study, the standard curve regression equation in this experiment was A = 0.004 9X + 0. 017, r = 0.999 5, with the detection limit up to 0. 380 microg x L(-1). The RSD was 1.4% by precision checks. Blood lead level of mixed blood samples was 175.77 microg x L(-1), whose RSD was 6. 0%. Blood lead concentration gradually increased after low-dose and medium-dose administration to rats and became stable at the 10th day and the 30th day by high-dose. Dose is directly related to blood lead concentration. Meanwhile, the blood lead concentration decreases after the drug withdrawal.

CONCLUSIONThe method of determination in this experiment is so accurate and reliable that it can be used for the determination of blood lead. Long-term and high-dose external use of Goupi Gao can increase blood lead.

Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; toxicity ; Female ; Lead ; blood ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; methods ; Time Factors ; Toxicity Tests

The onset of depression is related to many factors such as biological, psychological and social environment, and more and more studies have shown that early life adversity is a risk factor for depression. Patients with depression who have early life adversity have different clinical characteristics, such as greater cognitive impairment and higher risk of suicide, which may be related to changes in cognitive patterns. In addition, early life adversity can cause endocrine, immune and nervous system specific changes in depressed patients. This article reviews the relationship and mechanism between various types of early life adverse and depression, explores the onset of depression and provides theory evidence for early intervention.