Objective: To assess the relationships between nutritional risks, nutritional support, and doctors' knowledge related to nutritional risks. Methods: 217 pre-operative patients and 41 doctors in the same general surgical wards were surveyed by using NRS2002 and self-developed questionnaires in a Beijing hospital. Results: The overall prevalence of pre-operative nutritional risks was 15.7%. Patients with gastrointestinal and/or malignant diseases had higher risks than others(P values were both less than 0.001). The nutritional support rates were 14.7% among patients with nutritional risks, and 2.2% among those without risks. The EN: PN ratio was 1∶ 2. A majority of doctors had misconceptions in nutritional risk screening and the effectiveness of nutritional supports. Their clinical practices were not consistent with their knowledge. Related trainings were required. Conclusions: Patients with gastrointestinal and/or malignant diseases have higher possibilities of nutritional risks. The nutritional supports rates are generally low. Doctors' knowledge related to nutritional risk screening is insufficient. More training opportunities are suggested to enhance the application of NRS2002 and appropriate nutritional supports.

Objective To evaluate the preoperative undernutrition, nutritional risks, and nutritional support in general surgical wards. Methods The nutritional risks of 217 new in-patients in general surgical wards in a Beijing-based hospital were assessed using nutrition risk screening 2002 ( NRS 2002 ) and the medical records were reviewed. Results The overall prevalence of preoperative undernutrition and nutritional risks was 7.4% and 14.7% respectively, most of which occurred in patients with gastrointestinal diseases and malignant diseases. Nutritional supports were provided to 18.8% of patients with undernutrition, 12.5% of patients with nutritional risks,3.0% of patients without undernutrition, and 2.7% of patients without nutritional risks. The enteral nutrition:The application of nutritional support should be further improved in general surgical wards.

Objective To explore methods of culturing peritonealdialysate pathogen in patients with peritoneal dialysisrelated peritonitis, providing reliable basis for more effective clinical treatment. Methods 235 patients with peritoneal dialysis related peritonitis were selected from the Department of Nephrology of Xijing Hospital Affiliated to the Air Force Medical University from January 2015 to December 2018, and they were randomly divided into four groups. Group A (traditional group,n=58): 10 ml peritoneal dialysate were directly extracted and then injected into blood bottle culture. Group B (suspension group,n=58):10 ml extracted peritoneal dialysate were placed for 1 hour then injected into blood bottle culture. Group C (centrifugation group,n=59): 50 ml extracted peritoneal dialysate were centrifuged for 15 min, and whose supernatant sediment was suspended by 5 ml sodium chloride solution of 9% and then injected into the blood culture bottle. Group D (suspension+ centrifugation group,n=60): After the dialysate were given to patients and placed for 1 hour, 50 ml peritoneal dialysate was extracted and centrifuged for 15 min, and whose supernatant sediment was suspended by 5 ml sodium chloride solution of 9% and then injected into the blood culture bottle. The positive culture rates were observed and compared in these four groups. Results There was a statistically significance in the differences of the positive culture rates of the 4 groups, which were 55.2 %, 70.7 %, 76.3 %, and 86.7 %, respectively(χ2=15.233,P＜ 0.01). Further pairwise comparison indicated that the positive culture rates of centrifuge culture group and suspension + centrifuge culture group was significantly higher than that of traditional culture group(χ2=5.787, 14.262;P＜ 0.01). Conclusions The positive culture rate of peritoneal dialysate pathogen would be increased through the culturing method of suspension + centrifugation, providing basis for the subsequent treatment and estimation of peritonitis.

Objective:To design a multifunctional peritoneal dialysis specimen device box for peritoneal equilibration test (PET) and retention of adequacy specimens for convenient clinical use.Methods:The convenient sampling was used to select 90 patients who planned to perform PET and dialysis adequacy assessments in Department of Nephrology in Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University of PLA from January to December 2018 as research objects. They were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, with 45 cases in each group. Patients in the observation group used a multifunctional peritoneal dialysis specimen retention device to retain and transport peritoneal dialysate specimens, while the control group used traditional methods to retain and transport specimens. The time-consumption, satisfaction rate and specimen error rate of PET and adequacy specimen collection operation were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 82 PET specimens were collected in the observation group and 80 PET specimens were collected in the control group. The time-consumption of specimen of the observation group was shorter than that of the control group, the error rate was lower than that of the control group, and the satisfaction rate was higher than that of the control group. The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . A total of 158 dialysis adequacy specimens were collected from 45 patients in the observation group and 161 dialysis adequacy specimens were collected from 45 patients in the control group. The specimen time-consumption of the observation group was shorter than that of the control group, the error rate was lower than that of the control group, and the satisfaction rate was higher than that of the control group. The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The multifunctional peritoneal dialysis specimen retention device has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient operation and low cost, which saves the operation time of nurses, reduces operation and transportation errors, avoids specimen contamination and has a positive effect on evaluation of clinical peritoneal transport function and adequacy of dialysis and guiding the formulation of dialysis prescriptions.

BACKGROUND: Adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment may provide the metabolic fuel or signal transduction through media and other means to promote a variety of malignant proliferation and invasion, of tumor cells, but their role in lung cancer progression is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adipocytes on lung cancer cell biology. METHODS: 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were induced into mature adipocytes. The cell morphology was observed by microscopy and Oil Red O staining. MTT assay, colony formation assay, wound-healing and Transwell methods were used to detect lung cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability. The content of triglyceride in cells was determined by colorimetry. RESULTS: The morphology of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells became more slender after co-culture with mature adipocytes, and the proliferation and cloning ability were significantly enhanced (P<0.05). In addition, mature adipocytes can also promote the migration ability (P<0.05), invasion ability (P<0.01) and accumulation of intracellular lipid (P<0.05) of A549 cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that adipocytes in tumor microenvironment can promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, which may be related to lipid metabolism.
A549 Cells ; Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Adenocarcinoma of Lung ; Adipocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Mice ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Triglycerides ; metabolism ; Tumor Microenvironment

Objective : To investigate the effect of (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP⁃1) on inner ear hair cell injury with noise⁃induced hearing loss and its potential mechanism in rats. Methods : Twenty Specific pathogen⁃free (SPF) Sprague⁃Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control group and noise exposure group. The rats of noise exposure were exposed to 4 kHz at 101 dB sound pressure level (SPL) for 8 h. Auditory brainstem responses(ABR) were measured in animals before noise exposure and 24 h after noise exposure. Surface preparation , transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry were performed on cochlea tissuesto elucidate changes in Epac expression in rat after noise exposure. The expression levels of Epac1、Rap1、CaMK⁃ Ⅱ、Bax、Bcl⁃2、cleaved caspase3(CC3) and cleaved caspase9(CC9) were analyzed using Western blot. Results : There was found a stable temporary threshold shift after noise exposure( P < 0. 05) . The missing of outer hair cells occurred after noise exposure(P < 0. 05) . Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the epidermis plate of HCs was partially dissolved , with loss or fusion of stereocilia , some HC organelles showed serious injuries after noise exposure. Epac1 immunostaining intensities were substantially enhanced in OHCs after noise exposure( P < 0. 05) . The expression levels of Epac1 , CaMK⁃ Ⅱ and Rap1 protein were significantly up⁃regulated after noise exposure(P < 0. 05) . The expression level of Bcl⁃2 was significantly down⁃regulated after noise exposure(P < 0. 05) . The expression levels of Bax , CC3 and CC9 were significantly up⁃regulated after noise exposure(P < 0. 05) . Conclusion Epac1 ⁃Rap1 signaling pathway mediates the early pathological damage in noise⁃exposed cochlea , and participates in the regulation of inner ear hair cells apoptosis. Epac1 ⁃Rap1 pathway is expected to become a new target for intervention in noise⁃induced hearing loss.