Objective To explore propofol dosage difference between in morning and at after-noon undergoing gynecological clinic short operation.Methods One thousands and nine hundred fifty eight female patients,aged 1 6-50 yr,of ASA physical status Ior II,undergoing gynecology clinic short operation,according to the operation time,were divided into two groups,Group morning (8:30-1 1:30,n =1047)and group afternoon (14:00-1 7:00,n =91 1).Each patient was intravenously injected fentanyl 0.01 μg/kg,and then propofol 2.5 mg/kg.When the observer’s assessment of alertness/se-dation (OAA/S)scores reached 0 score,the operation began.If the body moved,the surgery was stopped and 25 mg propofol was intravenously injected quickly.After 10 seconds observation,if the body movement existed,25 mg more propofol was performed,until the movement disappeared.Re-cord patients’year,height,weight,body mass index,and the heart beat,blood pressure of pre-op-eration,the number of times of cervix uteri expansion per vagina,the history of labor per vagina,the total dosage of propofol and the time length of sedation.Results The dosage of group afternoon (1 52.1 6±65.90)mg was higher than group morning’s (135.69±37.67)mg (P <0.05).There was no significant difference of time lengths of sedation between the two groups.Additional use of propofol in the afternoon group 387 (42.5%)was higher than group morning’s 1 99 (23.5%)(P <0.05).Conclusion In gynecological clinic short operation,the propofol dosage in afternoon was higher than that in the morning group.But the sedation time length in afternoon was not longer than that in the morning.

Objective To investigate HIV high risk population size estimation method,analyze the epidemic situation in China and offer scientific evidence for policy making. Methods Appropriate methods to estimate different type high risk populations were ascertained by experimental study. Results Size estimation methods and procedures for different type high risk population were formed.Epidemic estimation and parameters fit for China were ascertained.HIV epidemic situation and characteristics were stated. Conclusion Methods formed in the study are the key points for the understanding of number of PLWHA,for the exact judgment of HIV epidemic,for the improvement of inspection system and examination work,for the formation of "Four Free and One Care".

Some HIV infectors/AIDS patients make use of people′s horror of AIDS to commit crime,and law enforcement agencies are faced with a series of problems.Based on analyzing the reasons and harm of the issues,the article made some suggestions including cracking down on such crimes legally,strengthening multi-department coordination,unifying relative legal system and regulations,providing AIDS knowledge training for law enforcement agencies,establishing AIDS occupational exposure compensation mechanism,and improving the management modes for the AIDS criminals in jails.

Objective To investigate the serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels in sepsis caused by the bacteria,virus and mycoplasma and explore the role of PCT in etiology diagnosis of sepsis in children.Methods Three hundreds and thirty critically ill children with sepsis caused by bacteria,virus and mycoplasma admitted in PICU of Hunan Children' s Hospital from Feb 1,2011 to Sep 1,2012 were reviewed and analyzed.The PCT levels were measured at admission and day 3.The differences in accidence of sepsis caused by bacteria,viruses and mycoplasma according to different serum PCT levels were analyzed.The differences of PCT levels at admission and day 3 in sepsic children caused by bacteria,viruses and mycoplasma were analyzed.Results The level of serum PCT in sepsis caused by bacterial infection were distinctly increased,caused by virus and mycoplasma infections was not obvious but the increases of serum PCT [0.71 (8.14)ng/ml,0.15 (1.68) ng/ml,0.28 (1.89) ng/ml].According to various PCT levels(0.05 ～ ng/ml,0.5 ～ng/ml,2 ～ ng/ml,10 ～ 300 ng/ml),the differences of accidence of sepsis caused by bacteria,virus and mycoplasma were also statistically significant(x2 =84.50,P ＜ 0.01).The PCT level of septic children caused by bacterial infection in day 3 was significantly decreased compared with that at admission [0.32 (5.68) ng/ml vs 0.71 (8.14) ng/ml] (U =19.34,P ＜0.05).Conclusion PCT plays a certain role in etiology diagnosis of sepsis in children.The increased PCT levels which can be reduced by anti-inflammatory treatment indicate the likelihood of bacterial infection and sepsis.The increase of PCT induced by viral and mycoplasma infections is not obvious,but bacterial infection can not be completely ruled out.

Objective To investigate the role of hippocampal cyclophilin D (CypD) in sepsis-associated encephalopathy in rats.Methods A total of 36 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 3-4 months,weighing 300-400 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (Sham group),sepsis group (S group),and sepsis + CypD inhibitor cyclosporin A group (CsA group).Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).Cyclosporin A 6 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before CLP in group CsA.All the animals underwent Morris water maze test on 4th day after CLP.The animals were sacrificed after the test,and the hippocampus was isolated for determination of the expression of cytochrome c (Cyt c),CypD,caspase-3,brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF),phosphorylated protein kinase A (p-PKA),and phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (p-CREB).Results Compared with group Sham,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the space exploration time was shortened,the expression of Cyt c,CypD,caspase-3,p-PKA and p-CREB was up-regulated,and the expression of BDNF was down-regulated in S and CsA groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group S,the escape latency was significantly shortened,the space exploration time was prolonged,the expression of Cyt c,CypD,caspase-3,p-PKA and p-CREB was down-regulated,and the expression of BDNF was up-regulated in group CsA (P＜0.05).Conclusion Hippocampal CypD may be involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of sepsis-associated encephalopathy,and the downstream mechanism is probably related to promotion of activation of PKA/CREB signaling pathway in rats.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and awareness rate of adult diabetes mellitus and the risk factors in Liaoning Anshan. Methods A cross-sectional population survey was performed among residents in Liaoning Anshan and 2 500 subjects participated. Subjects whose fasting plasma glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/L were confirmed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Results The standardized prevalence of adult diabetes mellitus over the age of 20 in Liaoning Anshan was 8.2%, and the standardized prevalence of pre-diabetes mellitus was 14.8%. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus increased with age (P<0.05). The awareness rate of diabetes mellitus in Liaoning Anshan was 52.3%(125/239), and the awareness rate of pre-diabetes mellitus was 8.7%(35/402). Logistic regression indicated that age, family history of diabetes, overweight or obesity, waist circumference, hypertriacylglycerolemia was the risk factors (P<0.05), while regular exercise was protective factor (P<0.05). Conclusions The current prevalence of diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes mellitus in Liaoning Anshan is higher, and the awareness rate is lower.

To present a case of systemic lupus erythematosus patient complicated by diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and severe immune deficiency. To improve the knowledgement of physicians about severe cases of SLE.

In recent years, people have paid more attention to the spermatogonial stem cells that have the capacity for self renewal and multilineage differentiation and produce daughter cells that can expand and differentiate into spermatozoa under the adjustment of self genes and external signal. This article reviews recent advances in studies of enrichment and original selection of the spermatogonial stem cells. This review also summarizes some control factors in proliferation and transplantation techniques.
Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Spermatogonia ; cytology ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells ; cytology

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to determine the expression of genes of the oligodendrocyte lineage-myelin basic protein (Golli-MBP) in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) in oral lichen planus (OLP) and to further understand the pathogenesis of OLP.

METHODSPBMC was obtained by density gradient centrifugation, and the expression of Golli-MBP in PBMC was investigated in erythematous/erosive OLP (20 cases), reticular OLP (16 cases) and normal controls (19 cases) using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot methods.

RESULTSRT-PCR results showed that Golli-MBP mRNA was overexpressed in erythematous/erosive and reticular OLP as compared with normal control group (P < 0.01). Western blot assay indicated that erythematous/erosive and reticular OLP patients had a higher expression level of Golli-MBP protein in PBMC than normal controls (P < 0.01). However, there were no significant differences between erythematous/erosive and reticular groups in Golli-MBP mRNA and protein expression (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe data accumulated here strongly indicate that Golli-MBP was involved in the pathogenesis of OLP.

Objective To investigate a simple and efficient fluorescence in situ hybridization method for prenatal diagnosis.Methods Thirty-six cases of chorionic villus samples were hybridized with probes 18/X/Y,13/21 by using traditional cuhure methods and modified three-step methods in controlled experimentation during 2012 to 2013.The hybridization rate and fluorescence signals were analyzed.Results A total of 72 hybrid zone were detected.Probe 21/13 hybridization rate and fluorescence signals of three-step modified methods were higher than that of traditional methods(99.72％ ±0.42％ vs 85.90％ ±4.15％,t =20.4,P ＜0.01; 2.58 ±0.50 vs 1.52 ± 0.55,t =7.53,P ＜0.01).Probe 18/X/Y has the same hybridization rate and fluorescence signals between three-step modified methods and traditional methods (99.57％ ±0.53％ vs99.70％ ±0.42％,t=1.30,P＞0.05; 2.22±0.42 vs2.36±0.48,t=1.57,P＞0.05).The coincidence rate of two methods was 100％ (36/36).Conclusion The modified fluorescence in situ hybridization three-step methods in the study was simple,rapid,effective and environment-friendly.At the same time,it has some defects such as the signals of 18/X/Y was not concentrated enough.Further exploration is needed.