Objective To investigate the change of dendritic cells (DCs) in rats with hepatic carcinoma treated by radiofrequency ablation (RFA),and to explore the mechanisms of anti-tumor immune response to RFA. Methods Forty healthy SD rats with established animal model of hepatic carcinoma were randomly divided into control group (n = 10) ,RFA 7 d group (n = 16) and RFA 14 d group (n = 14). The rats of control group were killed without treatment. The other rats were killed in 7 d and 14 d after RFA treatment respectively. Peripheral blood, liver tissue around the ablation area and spleen were taken out. The OX62,OX6,CD86 of DCs were analyzed with flowcytometry. Results ①OX62 cells accounted for (0.45 ± 0.19)% of mononuelear cells in peripheral blood in control group. The account of OX62 cells increased to (0.78 ± 0.30)% and (1.53 % 0.80)% in RFA 7 d and 14 d groups respectively. There were significant differences between control and RFA 7 d group, control and RFA 14 d group (P<0.05). ②OX62 cells accounted for (18.91 ± 4.58)% of mononuclear cells in liver tissue around the tumor in control group. The account of OX62 cells increased to (24.49 ± 4.59)% in RFA 7 d group (P<0.05). The expression of OX6 on DCs in liver tissue was (15.29 ± 4.59)% and increased to (34.2 ± 11.62)% and (39.18 ± 9.14)% in RFA 7 d and RFA 14 d group respectively (P<0.05). ③OX62 cells accounted for (11.69 ± 4.39)% of mononuclear cells in spleen in control group which increased to (15.10±2.37)% in RFA 14 d group (P<0.05). Conclusions The precursor DCs in peripheral blood and DCs in liver and spleen increased significantly after RFA. The expressions of OX6 on DCs in liver and spleen increased after RFA. RFA can promote the differentiation and maturation of DC. The increased function of antigen presenting may contribute to the anti-tumor responses after RFA.

Objective To investigate the changes of chemokines related to dendritic cells in liver and spleen in rats with hepatic carcinoma treated by radiofrequency ablation (RFA),and to explore the mechanism of anti-tumor responses to RFA.Methods Forty healthy SD rats with established animal model of hepatic carcinoma were randomly divided into control group (n=10),RFA 7d group (n=16) and RFA 14d group (n=14).The rats of control group were killed without treatment.The other rats were killed in 7d and 14d after RFA treatment respectively.Spleen and liver tissue around the ablation area or around the tumor were taken out.The expressions of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1a in liver tissue and MIP-3β in spleen were analyzed by ELISA.Results The expression of MIP-1a in liver tissue was (232.92±54.5B)ng/L in control group,which enhanced to (499.38±15.14)ng/L and (495.90±9.94)ng/L in RFA 7d and 14d groups respectively.There were significant differences between control and RFA 7d group,control and RFA 14d group(P＜0.05).The expression of MIP-3βin spleen was (70.08±2.67) ng/L in control group,which enhanced to (151.57±48.48)ng/L and (154.57±18.25)ng/L in RFA 7 d and 14 d groups respectively.There were significant differences between control and RFA 7 d group,control and RFA 14 d group (P＜0.05).Conclusions The expressions of MIP-1a in liver tissue and MIP-3β in spleen increase significantly after RFA.These changes will promote recruitment and migration of dendritic cells and may contribute to the anti-tumor responses after RFA.

BACKGROUND: Nasal alar cartilage constitutes the main component of the lower 1/3 of the nose, that is, nose tip, nose wing, and nasal columella, its structure has a decisive role on the nose shape, especially the tip of the nose shape. The intensive study on nasal alar cartilage will help deepen our understandings of nasal alar cartilage morphology, structure and function, and help clinicians to correctly handle the lesions of nose and the lower part and to carry out medical beauty. OBJECTIVE: By observing external nasal anatomy, to clarify the histological role of nasal alar cartilage on nose shape, especially the nasal tip shape.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Experimental observation of repeated measurement was conducted at the Laboratory of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from September 1~(st) to 26~(th), 2006.MATERIALS: Well-preserved bodies of 15 fresh adult, containing 10 males and 5 females were used in this study.METHODS: To fully observe the fine structure of external nose, 30 sides of 15 external noses were dissected, and autopsy started from the medium dorsum of nose, layered anatomy, to observe various layers and the characteristics of the layers with blood vessels, focusing on observation of in vitro pre - and free post-nasal alar cartilage morphology, and measurement and recording were performed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Big foot medial alar cartilage, lateral feet and the angle of inside and outside legs were measured.RESULTS: Alar cartilage was open for a pair of backward "u"-shaped thin cartilage plate, and lateral nasal cartilage was located below and anteriomedialis the nose, was composed of medial and lateral crus and fornix, with thin body shape, unfixed structure. The shape of fornix was difficult to accurately describe; most presented wavy or folded. Lateral crus presented diamond-shaped or long strip, (16.21±2.71) mm in length, (8.45±1.72) mm in width, (1.09±0.18) mm in thickness. Cephalic rim intersected lower edge of lateral nasal cartilage, and slightly covered the lower edge of the lateral nasal cartilage, so that the two were overlapped, but also only the intersection without overlapping. Lateral crus constituted the base of nasal wings. Narrow medial crus formed nasal tip and the frame of front nasal columeila, showing posteroinferior curve or S shape, (13.06±2.16) mm in length, (3.79±0.58) mm in width, (1.02±0.18) mm in thickness. The left and right medial crus in the middle were connected by connective tissue, and in the same way connected to the anterior margin of the lateral nasal cartilage. Medial and lateral crus in the nasal tip showed an acute angle intersection, its angle (75.25±11.17)°. The medial and lateral crus intersected in the nasal tip and formed the fomix of the greater alar cartilage. The bilateral cornix constituted the frame of the nasal tip. CONCLUSION: Meager nasal alar cartilage is composed of the medial crus, lateral crus and fornix, which determined the nose shape, especially the nasal tip shape. External nose plastic surgery should pay attention to the protection of nasal alar cartilage.

Objective To understand the relationship between age and chronic complications in hospitalized aged patients with hypertension, to provide evidence for hypertension prevention and control. Methods To retrospectively analyze the clinical and laboratory data on 17,682 patients with essential hypertension during Jan 1st,1993-Dee 12th, 2008 in PLA general hospital. Results 1)Among all of the inrolled cases, those aged 60-64 account for 27.87%, 65-69 years group account for 26.55%, 70-74 years group accounted for 23.96%, 75-79 years group accounted for 14.14%, 80-84 years group accounted for 5.26%, 85-89 years group accounted for 1.69%, > 90 years accounted for 0.41%. 2) The prevalence rate of chronic complications in 60-69 years group were 31.3-31.2% for diabetes and,22.6-27.0% for cerebrovascular disease, 9.5-11.1% for myocardial infarction, 6.7-9.1% for heart failure, 5.8-6.0% for renal dysfanction 4.9-6.8% for atrial fibrillation, 0.1-0.3% for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in the elderly(P <0.05 ). 3) The first four complications of hypertension were diabetes(33.5%), cerebrovascular disease (31.9%), myocardial infarction(13.2%) and heart failure(12.3%) in 70-74 years group (P<0.05), cerebrovascular disease (42.8%), diabetes (32.8%), heart failure (16.5%) and myocardial infarction(15.9%) in 75-79 years group (P<0.05), cerebrovascular disease (45.4%), diabetes (35.0%), heart failure (21.1%) and myocardial infarction(15.9%) in 80-84 years group (P<0.05), cerebrovascular disease(42.5%), diabetes (35.8%), heart failure (23.1%) and renal dysfanction (17.7%) in 85-89 years group(P<0.05 ),and cerebrovascular disease (45. 2%), heart failure(31.5%), diabetes (26.0%) and renal dysfanction (20.5%) in patients more than 90 years group (P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence rate and kinds of chronic complications in hospitalized aged patients with hypertension were changed with the increasing age, and the first kind of complication is cerebrovascular disease. It is of more importance to prevent the occurrence of renal dysfanction and heart failure in those hypertension patients who were more than 80 years old.

Objective To summarize the manifestation of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPTP) on ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and to investigate the diagnostic value of CEUS. Methods The ultrasound and CEUS images of six patients with SPTP confirmed by pathology were reviewed. According to CEUS record,the enhanced and wash-out time,enhanced speed and degree of tumor were analyzed. Results On ultrasound, SPTP presented as solid, well-circumscribed masses, usually heterogeneous in echo texture, and some of them contained macro-calcification. On CEUS, the tumor enhanced simultaneously or slightly late compared with normal pancreatic tissues. The contrast agent washed out quickly in all tumors than in normal pancreatic tissues. The enhanced degrees were equal to or less than that of the normal pancreatic tissues. Some tumors showed capsule and septum enhancement. Conclusions The manifestation of SPTP on CEUS had some features and may be helpful for differentiation diagnosis combine with ultrasound.

Objective To estimate the effect of glycyrrhetinic acid on epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced proliferation of HaCaT cells,and to investigate its possible mechanism.Methods Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to evaluate the proliferation of HaCaT cells treated with different concentrations of EGF (0,1,5,10,25,50,100 μg/L) and glycyrrhetinic acid (0,0.1,1.0,10,25,50,100μmol/L) alone,or the combination of 25 μg/L EGF with 25 μ mol/L glycyrrhetinic acid or 10 μ mol/L U0126 (an inhibitor of MEK1/2).Western blot was carried out to measure the protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA),Notch-1,ERK 1/2 and phosphorylated ERK 1/2 in HaCaT cells treated with 25 μg/L EGF,10 μmol/L U0126,25μmol/L glycyrrhetinic acid alone or in combination.Data were statistically analyzed by using t test,analysis of variance and correlation analysis with SPSS 17.0 software.Results EGF of 0-100 μg/L promoted the proliferation of HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner (r =0.798,P ＜ 0.05),and there was a linear correlation between the effect and concentration within the concentration range 0-50 μg/L (r =0.859,P ＜ 0.05).However,glycyrrhetinic acid of 10-100 μmol/L inhibited the proliferation of HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner (r =-0.945,P ＜0.01),and 10 μmol/L glycyrrhetinic acid could suppress the EGF (25 μg/L)-induced proliferation and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in HaCaT cells.Also,both 25 μmol/L glycyrrhetinic acid and 10 μmol/L U0126 could attenuate the increase in PCNA and Notch-1 expression in HaCaT cells induced by 25 μg/L EGF.Conclusion Glycyrrhetinic acid can inhibit the EGF-induced proliferation of HaCaT cells,likely by suppressing the activation of ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Objective To evaluate the effect of curcumin on the proliferation of and apoptosis in HaCaT cells induced by tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α).Methods HaCaT cells were cultured with the presence of different concentrations (0,1,5,10,25,50,100 ng/ml) of recombinant TNF-α,curcumin of 20 μmol/L,or the combination of recombinant TNF-α (25 ng/ml) and curcumin (20 μmol/L),for 24 hours followed by the determination of cell proliferation with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay.Western blot was conducted to measure the protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Notch-1 in HaCaT cells treated with recombinant TNF-α (25 ng/ml) and curcumin (20 μ mol/L) alone or in combination for 24 hours.Flow cytometry using annexin-V/propidium iodine (PI) was performed to assess the early apoptosis in HaCaT cells incubated with recombinant TNF-α of 25 ng/ml and curcumin of 20 μmol/L alone or in combination for 12 hours.Statistical analysis was carried out with one-way analysis of variance.Results Recombinant TNF-α promoted the proliferation of HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner,with the maximum proliferation activity observed in HaCaT cells treated with TNF-α of 25 ng/ml,while curcumin of 20 μmol/L effectively inhibited the proliferation of HaCaT cells induced by TNF-α of 25 ng/ml (P ＜ 0.01).TNF-α of 25 ng/ml had no obvious effect on cell apoptosis,while curcumin of 20 μ mol/L markedly induced the apoptosis in HaCaT cells,and there was a synergy between TNF-α of 25 ng/ml and curcumin of 20 μmol/L in the induction of apoptosis in HaCaT cells,with the apoptosis rate being 2.3％,3.4％,11.6％ and 16.8％ respectively in untreated cells,cells treated with TNF-α,curcumin,and the combination of TNF-α and curcumin,respectively.Conclusions Curcumin could enhance the inductive effect of TNF-α on the apoptosis in,but suppress the promotive effect of TNF-α on the proliferation of,HaCaT cells.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the midterm follow-up results of extended release of posterior clearance in total knee arthroplasty.

METHODSA total of 120 patients with knee osteoarthritis were equally randomly assigned to the experimental group and control group, and underwent unilateral TKA from March 2010 to March 2012. In experimental group, there were 21 males and 39 females with an average age of (62.2±10.9) years old. In the control group, there were 25 males and 35 females with an average age of (64.9±11.4) years old. All the patients were performed using the anterior knee approach. During operation, after osteotomy of the tibia and the femoral condyle, extended release of the posterior knee clearance were taken in experimental group, while only the clearance of osteophyte in the posterior condyle were performed in the control group. The KSS scores including knee functional score and knee clinical score,as well as the range of motion (ROM) of patients, were compared between the two groups at midterm follow-up.

RESULTSTotally 49 patients in the experimental group and 54 patients in the control group were followed up, and the median follow-up time was 46 months. The knee functional score of patients in the experimental group was 91.3±3.4, which was better than 86.4±3.9 of patients in the control group; initiative ROM of flexion of patients in the experimental group was (133.2±5.9)°, which was better than (126.9±7.4)° of patients in the control group. There were no significant difference of knee clinical score between 86.9±4.6 of patients in the experimental group and 85.7±5.1 of patients in the control group, and the initiative ROM of extension between (0.5±1.1)° and (0.3±1.2)°.

CONCLUSIONExtended release of the posterior knee clearance contributes to the knee function and initiative flexion ROM during a midterm follow-up and patients benefit.

Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; methods ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Range of Motion, Articular

OBJECTIVETo optimize the method in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for determining Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.

METHODTanshinone II(A) and salvianolic acid B were selected as the index in optimization of the sample preparation method of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Orthogonal test was used to optimize the extraction process of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and concentration of contents were detected by high performance liquid chromatography method. A detection of using methanol-water (85: 15) at wavelength of 270 nm was employed for tanshinone II(A) and a detection of using methanol-acetonitrile-formic acid-water (30:10:1: 59) at wavelength of 286 nm was employed for salvianolic acid B.

RESULTThe optimized extraction process of tanshinone II(A) and salvianolic acid B was: extracted by 90% methanol and reflux twice (0.5 h each time) at 75 degrees C, extracted by 70% methanol and reflux twice (1.5 h each time) at 75 degrees C, respectively.

CONCLUSIONOptimized extraction and determination methods could be used to reflect the content of tanshinone II(A) and salvianolic acid B in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma more accurately and efficiently.

Benzofurans ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; analysis ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; Temperature

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the precise mechanism and function of miR-16 in heat-denatured primary human dermal fibroblasts. METHODS: Primary human dermal fibroblasts were separated from normal human skin samples. Under heat stress, the levels of miR-16 and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were detected in primary human dermal fibroblasts by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Next, heat-denatured cells were transfected with synthetic scrambled negative control (NC) RNA (NC group), miR-16 mimics, miR-16 inhibitor or miR-16 inhibitor accompanied by small interfering RNA targeting HSP70, then the mRNA level of HSP70 was detected by qRT-PCR, cell proliferation was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and AlamarBlue assay, cell migration was examined by Transwell assay and cell apoptosis was assessed by transferase dUTP (deoxyuridine triphosphate) nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. In addition, cell apoptosis-related proteins, Bax and Bcl-2, were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: Heat stress significantly reduced miR-16 level and increased the mRNA level of HSP70 compared with untreated cells (p < 0.05). Overexpressed miR-16 reduced the mRNA level of HSP70, suppressed cell proliferation (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), migration (p < 0.05), and promoted cell apoptosis (p < 0.001) compared with the NC group. Down-regulated miR-16 exerted an opposite effect on primary human dermal fibroblasts with heat-denaturation. Furthermore, effects of miR16 down-regulation on cell proliferation and migration were reversed by HSP70 silence. CONCLUSIONS MiR-16 might have an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and migration in heat-denatured human dermal fibroblasts, and HSP70 might be associated with the cell proliferation and migration as a target gene of miR-16.