Objective To establish an accurate method for estimating the indoor gamma dose rate from decorative stones.Methods Combining a room model with decorating conditions,the gamma dose rates and dose rate conversion factors (DCF) at 1 m above the floor in the room center were calculated with the Monte Carlo simulations,and the calculation results were verified through experiments.Based on the results,the limit of radionuclide contents in stone materials was further discussed.Results The DCF increases with the increase of area or thickness of decorative stones in the same room.The increase of DCF with the thickness of decorative stone is approximately linear.The DCF also increases with the area of decorative stones,but the increasing trend slows down.For the same decorative stones,the smaller the room,the larger the increase of gamma dose rate.Experimental results were consistent with the simulation results within ± 20％.Conclusions The increase of indoor gamma dose rate depends not only on the radionuclide contents,but also on the area and thickness of the decorative stones as well as the room size.The method used in this study can be used to estimate,more accurately than ever,the additional external exposure to residents due to decorative stones,and it provides a theoretical basis for revising the limit standard on radionuclide contents in decorative materials.

Objective This paper explored the effect of the early clinical exposure in im-proving medical students' cognitive aspects of the doctor-patient relationship. Methods (1)From 280 undergraduate students of Grade 2010 who participated in early clinical exposure of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine and 280 undergraduate students of Grade 2011 who did not participate in the early clinical exposure, we selected 140 students respectively to conduct a simple random sam-pling survey. The results were analyzed by SPSS after using Microsoft Excellsoftware for entry. Statis-tical methods selected χ2-test/Fisher exact test(P<0.05). (2)We had an interview to students,teachers leading the project, instructor,experts engaging in the study of the doctor-patient relationship by using focus group discussion and in-depth interview, and then using thematic analysis to analyze the data. (3)The main aspects of questionnaires and interviews were: details, activity participation/interest, general cognitive on the doctor-patient relationship, passion for profession, choice of career, the effect in improving medical students' cognitive aspects of the doctor-patient relationship and the suggestions and comments. Results The effective questionnaires collected from Grade 2010 were 134, and124 from Grade 2011.The participation rate of the undergraduates of Grade 2010(participating group) was 94.0%(126/134), while the interest rate of undergraduates of Grade 2011 (control group) was only 76.6%(95/124). Participating group had a better cognitive understanding of doctor-patient relationship than control group(P=0.0192). The activities had significant effects on choice of career(P=0.0002), and no effect on passion for profession(P=0.7372). There was statistically significant difference on their views of employment(P=0.0002). The key words for the interview were: not enough preparation before activity, not reasonable timing, teachers leading the project, stimulation of professional pride. Conclusions Early clinical exposure activities can be effective in improving medical students' awareness of the current doctor-patient relationship. Still we have some shortages in the activity, some more exploration and amelioration should be made in late stage.

Objective To investigate the impact of prior cerebral infarction (PCI) on in-hospital mortality in patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI).MethodsA retrospective analysis of documents of a total of 3572 consecutive patients with AMI admitted to Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from 2002 Jan.1 to 2009 Dec.31 were performed.Results There were 564 patients ( 15.8% )with PCI.Compared with the group of without PC1,the group with PCI were substantially older[(69.4 ±9.9) vs (64.2 ± 12.9)years,P =0.000],and had a higher prevalence of hypertensive disease,diabetes mellitus,prior myocardial infarction (MI) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI)( respectively,71.0% vs 57.3%; 41.0% vs 25.7%,12.9% vs 9.5%; 14.9% vs 10.7%,P ＜ 0.01 ),and a higher in-hospital mortality ( 16.5% vs 10.0%,P= 0.000).Univariate analysis demonstrated that in-hospital mortality associated with age,gender,extensive anterior MI,anterior MI,diabetes mellitus,prior cerebral infarction,prior myocardial infarction,coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention.Logistic regression analysis found that risk factors were age,extensive anterior MI,anterior MI,diabetes mellitus and prior cerebral infarction,and protective factors were coronary angiography and percutanous coronary intervention.PCI was independently associated with in-hospital mortality,OR 1.368,95% CI 1.047-1.787,P = 0.022.Conclusion In patients with acute myocardial infarction,the presence of PCI increases the risk of worse in-hospital outcome.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of E2F-1-silencing lentivirus vector on the growth and chemoresistance of subcutaneous human gastric cancer in nude mice.

METHODSThirty-six nude mice were inoculated subcutaneously with chemoresistant SGC-7901/DDP cells to establish subcutaneous tumor models of gastric carcinoma. The mice were randomly divided into E2F-1/RNAi-LV group, LV-scrRNAi group and PBS group (n = 12). E2F-1/RNAi-LV, LV-scrRNAi or PBS (0.1 ml per time) was injected into the mice, respectively, every two days. The nude mice received an intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (25 mg/kg) every two days. The tumor volume was measured and histopathological changes of the tumors were observed by HE staining. The expressions of E2F-1, c-Myc, survivin, MDR1 and MRP were detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. Apoptosis in tumor xenografts was determined by in situ TUNEL labeling technique.

RESULTSThe mean tumor growth rate of the E2F-1/RNAi-LV group was significantly slower than that of the LV-scrRNAi and control groups (P < 0.05). The tumor volume of the E2F-1/RNAi-LV group was (745.13 ± 154.42)mm(3), significantly lower than that of the LV-scrRNAi and PBS groups (P < 0.05). Compared with that in the LV-scrRNAi and PBS groups, the expressions of mRNA and protein of E2F-1, c-Myc, survivin, MDR1 and MRP were significantly decreased in the E2F-1/RNAi-LV group (P < 0.05). The apoptotic rate in the E2F-1/RNAi-LV treatment group was (27.5 ± 9.7)%, significantly higher than (7.0 ± 1.1)% in the LV-scrRNAi group and (7.3 ± 1.2)% in the PBS group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIntra-tumoral injection of E2F-1/RNAi-LV shows significantly inhibitory effect on the tumor growth and chemoresistance of subcutaneous human gastric cancer in nude mice.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; E2F1 Transcription Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Silencing ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Lentivirus ; genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Repressor Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transfection ; Tumor Burden

OBJECTIVETo investigate the differentiation of bone marrow stem cells in transplanted livers and its impact on the long-term survival of rats with orthotopic liver transplantation.

METHODSTwenty-four female recipient rats with orthotopic liver transplantation were randomized into blank-control group, D-hanks solution group, bone marrow stem cells group with postoperative infusion of stem cells, and the pathological changes of the liver grafts and survival time of the rats were observed. The differentiation of the bone marrow stem cells were assessed 60 days after transplantation using in situ hybridization histochemistry for Sry gene and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSIn rats with postoperative infusion of bone marrow stem cells through the portal vein, the median long-term graft survival time exceeded 180 days, significantly longer than that in the other two groups (P<0.05), and no obvious evidence of acute rejection was observed with positive Sry expression and AFP expression.

CONCLUSIONInfusion of bone marrow stem cells through the portal vein following liver transplantation may alleviate acute graft rejection and promote long-term liver graft survival and AFP expression.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Female ; Graft Rejection ; prevention & control ; Graft Survival ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Transplantation ; Portal Vein ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To clarify which adenosine receptor subtype is the most powerful one on controlling retinal pigment epithelial cell (RPE) binding adenosine, and what is its function in RPE. Methods Total mRNA was isolated, and membrane protein was extracted from in vitro cultured human ARPE-19 cells. For all four kinds of adenosine receptors, ARA1, ARA2A, ARA2B and ARA3, their gene expressions were tested by real-time PCR while their molecules in the membrane protein were detected by Western blot assay. To check the influence of each adenosine receptor subtype on ARPE-19 cell binging ability to adenosine the cultured cells were divided into five groups, named A-E. A group was set up as untreated control, while, groups B-E were separately treated by ARA1 agonist DPCPX (50 nmol/L), ARA2A agonist SCH58261 (100 nmol/L), ARA2B agonist MRS1754 (100 nmol/L) or ARA3 agonist MRS1220 (5μmol/L). H3-adenosine a radioactive ligand binding assay was performed and the maximum binding capacities (Bmax) were calculated in groups A-E of ARPE-19 cells. Then, ARPE-19 cells were all treated by the combination of TNF-αand IFN-γbut with or without CCPA (100 nmol/L), an ARA1 agonist. MCP-1, IP-10, IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β in their mediums were determined by ELISA. Results Either mRNA expression or membrane localization of ARA1, ARA2A, ARA2B and ARA3 were verified by real-time PCR and Western blot assay respectively. For A-E groups of ARPE-19 cells the Bmax of adenosine binding were (2.04± 0.31), (0.44 ± 0.06), (1.82 ± 0.28), (2.01 ± 0.42) and (2.06 ± 0.44) fmol respectively;and which were statistically decreased in group B than those of all other groups (P<0.01). Compared with control RPE, the contents of IL-6, MCP-1 and IP-10 were decreased after treatment with CCPA, and the content of IL-10 increased in RPE group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in TGF-β content between the two groups. Conclusion APRE-19 cells predominantly use ARA1 to absorb adenosine, and the activation of ARA1 in ARPE-19 cells inhibits its IL-6, MCP-1, and IP-10 production, which have potentially immunosuppressive effects to APRE-19 cells.

Objective Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Reinhartdt and Sea Capsule (RSC) combined with donepezil (experimental group) compared with donepezil (control group) in treatment of Alzheimer's disease.Methods The randomized controlled trials (RCT) of reinhartdt and sea capsule combine with donepezil in treatment of Alzheimer's disease were searched from Pubmed,VIP,CNKI,CBM,and Wangfang detabase by computer.Deadline from January 2000 to February 2017.References of included studies were also retrieved,extracted data,and assessed the methodological quality.Then,Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0 software.Results A total of eight RCTs were included,including 605 patients with insomnia.Meta-analysis results showed that compared with control group,experimental group MMSE score [P＜0.001,MD=2.69,95％CI(1.46,3.92)],ADAS-Cog score [P＜0.001,MD=-4.54,95％CI(-5.64,-3.43)] and ADL score [P＜0.001,MD=-3.60,95％CI(-4.53,-2.66)],the difference was statistical;There was no signficant difference between two group in the incidences of adverse effect [P=-0.94,OR=1.02,95％CI(0.63,1.66)].Conclusion RSC combined with donepezil showed better efficacy for Alzheimer's disease,yet without increasing adverse effect rate as compared with donepezil alone.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biological behaviors and chemosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line A549 after IGF-IR gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) in vitro.

METHODSTwo plasmids siRNA 1 and 2 expressing IGF-IR siRNA with human U6 promoter were constructed,and an unrelated siRNA was used as negative control. NSCLC A549 cells were transfected with sequence-specific siRNA or unrelated siRNA as control. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of IGF-IR. NSCLC A549 cells were transfected with siRNA and treated with DDP. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to assess the effects of IGF-IR silencing on tumor cell proliferation and chemosensitivity.

RESULTTransfection of NSCLC cells with siRNA resulted in reduction of IGF-IR mRNA expression by 78.9 % and protein production by 89.8%. The decrease in IGF-IR levels caused significant growth inhibition of A549 cells both at 48 h and at 72 h, and decrease of the IC50 of DDP at 24 h, 48 h and at 72 h. Flow cytometry showed that 77.5% of A549 cells retained in G0/G1 phase.

CONCLUSIONThe sequence specific suppression of IGF-IR gene expression by RNAi enhances sensitivity to DDP in NSCLC cell.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Plasmids ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Receptor, IGF Type 1 ; metabolism ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-interleukin-17 antibody in the treatment of plaque psoriasis.

METHDOSRandomized controlled trials (RCT) of anti-interleukin-17 antibody (Secukinumab, Brodalumab, and Ixekizumab) in the treatment of plaque psoriasis published between January, 2000 and March, 2017 were searched from PubMed, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, EMbase, CBM, CNKI, VIPdetabase, and Wangfang database. The quality of the retrieved trials was evaluated and the results of studies were analyzed using RevMan 5.0 software.

RESULTSThirteen RCTs were included involving a total of 11 203 patients. Meta-analysis showed a significant differences between anti-interleukin-17 antibody and placebo (or positive drug) in terms of PASI75 and sPGA (P<0.05). The total incidence of adverse events differed significantly between anti- interleukin-17 antibody and placebo, but no significant differences were found between them in the incidence of serious adverse events and discontinuation rate due to adverse events (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONAnti-interleukin-17 antibody is safe and effective for treatment of plaque psoriasis.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of adenovirus vector-mediated gene transfer of ICOSIg fusion protein on experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in Lewis rats.

METHODSExpression vector containing ICOSIg (p-Adeno-ICOSIg) was constructed by fusion of human ICOS and IgGFc segment. Adenovirus vector was digested by PacI enzyme and transfected into HEK 293 cells. Adenovirus expressing ICOSIg was produced. EGFP was constructed into adenovirus vector and used as control. EAM was induced in Lewis rats by injection of porcine cardiac myosin. All immunized Lewis rats were divided into 4 groups. Group A (n = 15) and B (n = 15) received adenovirus containing ICOSIg on day 0 and day 14 respectively to study the effects of costimulatory molecules gene therapy on T cell activation and inflammation; group C (n = 10) and group D (n = 10) received adenovirus containing EGFP on day 0 and day 14 respectively as controls. Group E (n = 10) was normal controls that did not receive immunization. On day 28, all rats were killed after echocardiography examination. Histopathological examination was performed to observe myocardial inflammation. Protein levels of ICOS, ICOSL, B7-1 and B7-2 were detected by Western blot. INF-gamma, IL-2 and IL-4 mRNA were determined by realtime RT-PCR.

RESULTSOn day 28, cardiac function was significantly improved and myocardial inflammation significantly attenuated in group B compared to group A, C and D (all P < 0.05). B7-1 expression at protein level was significantly lower in group B than that of group C (P < 0.05). ICOS and ICOSL expressions at protein level were significantly decreased in both group A and B compared with group C and D (P < 0.05). IFN-gamma mRNA level significantly decreased and IL-4 mRNA significantly increased in group A and B compared to group C and D (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSBlockade of costimulatory pathway with gene therapy of ICOSIg alleviated autoimmune inflammatory damage and improved cardiac function in Lewis rats with EAM. Down-regulated costimulatory molecules in the myocardium and reduced inflammatory cytokine secretion might be responsible for the beneficial effects of ICOSIg in this model.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Animals ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte ; genetics ; Autoimmune Diseases ; immunology ; pathology ; therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments ; genetics ; Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein ; Male ; Myocarditis ; immunology ; pathology ; therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Lew ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics