Objective:To explore the communication problems among nursing students in early clinical prac-tice, and to provide reference for clinical nursing education .Methods:Introspecting diary of the clinical communi-cation in nursing students were classified and analyzed by using qualitative research method .Results:5 themes were extracted as following: barriers for communication between nurses and patients , reflection on patient , nurse occupation , clinical teaching and critical reflection on public opinion .Conclusion:Introspecting diary is important to help teachers in teaching , to guide and cultivate nursing students to develop their interpersonal communication competence .

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving practical teaching system of biomedical specialty talents training. METHODS:Based on the present situation of practical teaching system in higher vocational education,combined with the develop-ment of biomedicine industry,referring to foreign experience about vocational education mode,using the elements of the practice teaching system as the breakthrough points,hardware and software of practical teaching were highlighted and strengthened;the practical teaching system was established fromability oriented,practical teaching as the leadingpractical ability of vocational stu-dents and vocational ability talent training mode. RESULTS:The practical teaching system of biomedical specialty talents training was established on the basis ofthree-capacity,one body two wingspractical teaching target system,three standards,hierarchi-cal and modularpractical teaching content system,system and institutions,hardware and software managementstandard man-agement system,progressive training base platform,dual-level teaching staff,practical teaching supporting system of talented teacher group. CONCLUSIONS:The practical teaching system strengthen comprehensive practice ability training, can realize win-win between college and government,and of society. It can provide reference for improving practical teaching system of bio-medical specialty talents training.

Objective To analyze the relationship between the genetic polymorphisms of uridinediphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 (UGT1A9) and mycophenolic acid (MPA)pharmacokinetics in Chinese kidney recipients.Methods Gene mutations (C-440T/T-331C,C-2152T,T-275A,T98C) were detected in 196 recipients by PCR-LDR.On the 28th day after transplantation,the plasma samples which were obtained at the time points of predose,0.5 h and 2 h after administration were measured by an immunoassay method (Emit Mycophenolic Acid Assay,Dade Behring).MPA-AUC0-12 was calculated based on these three data.Correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and MPA pharmacokinetics was analyzed.Results C-2152T,T-275A and T98C genotypes of UGT1A9 were not found in 196 recipients.The frequency of C-440T/T-331C gene mutation was 14.29% (28/196).The mean value of MPA-AUC0-12 was 40.6±11.8 wild genotype,respectively (P＞0.05).Conclusion C-2152T,T-275A and T98C genotypes of UGT1A9 are scarce in Chinese kidney recipients.In this study,there is no distinct relationship between -440/-331 SNPs and MPA pharmacokinetics in Chinese allograft recipients.

Objective To investigate the differences in visceral fat area measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis in different sex and age groups, and explore the relationship between visceral fat area and other metabolic risk factors. Methods This study enrolled 72 in-patients in the department of cardiology in Peking University First Hospital between August, 2014 and October, 2014. The visceral fat area and the subcutaneous fat area were measured by DUALSCAN HDS-2000 in all patients. Results were compared between different sex and age groups and the relationship between visceral fat area and metabolic risk factors were analyzed. Resu1ts Male had larger visceral fat area than female [ ( 114. 04 ± 38. 27 ) cm2 vs. (92. 09 ±30. 57)cm2, P=0. 019], while female had larger subcutaneous fat areas than male [(223. 92 ± 73. 58)cm2 vs. (270. 35 ± 82. 13) cm2, P =0. 019] . Subcutaneous fat area and visceral fat area were positively correlated in both male ( r=0. 777, P﹤0. 001) and female ( r=0. 601, P=0. 002). There were no significant differences in visceral fat area among different age groups (P=0. 582). And visceral fat area had a positive correlation with body mass index (r=0. 748, P﹤0. 001), waist-hip ratio (r=0. 577, P﹤0. 001), abdominal circumference (r =0. 752, P ﹤0. 001) and HbA1c levels (r =0. 413, P =0. 001). Conc1usions There are sex differences in visceral fat area and subcutaneous fat area. The visceral fat area max be related to blood glucose levels and presence of diabetes.

AIM To explore the role of nitric oxide (NO) mediators in seizure behavior and the related expression of interlukin 6(IL 6). METHODS The IL 6 immunoreactivity (IL 6 ir) and behaviour were observed in kainic acid (KA) induced seizure following pretreatment with L nitroarginine( L NNA), a inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase(NOS), or the same number of moles of L arginine( L Arg). RESULTS The results showed that time dependent seizures were induced on animals after administration of KA (10 mg?kg -1 ), accompanied by the immediate enhancement of IL 6 ir in hippocampal structure, piriform area and cortex. The behaviors of rats were not markedly altered by chronic pretreatment with L NNA (50 mg?kg -1 ) or L Arg (40 mg?kg -1 ). However, after the administration of KA, the seizure behaviors were obviously different in the group of L NNA and L Arg respectively. Seizure was agrevated in the animals with L NNA pretreatment and many rats died at KA 3 hours, whereas seizure was alleviated after KA in the group of L Arg. IL 6 expression was apparently up regulated in some brain areas such as hippocampus in the group of KA pretreated with L NNA, but opposite effects appeared in the group pretreated with L Arg before KA injection. CONCLUSION These results indicate that endogenous NO mediators may alleviate the seizure behaviors and may down regulated the early expression of IL 6 in KA challenged seizure, but it the mechanism of the early expression of IL 6 with the homeostasis of endogenous NO mediator merits further study.nismoftheearlyexpressionofIL 6withthehome

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constitutes of Acantophora spicifera.

METHODCompounds were isolated by normal phase silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, and reverse-phase HPLC, as well as recrystallization. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.

RESULTSeven compounds were isolated from A. spicifera and their structures were identified as aplysin (1), loloilide (2), (R)-(-)-dehydrovomifoliol (3), uracil (4), thymine (5), 1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl) benzene (6).

CONCLUSIONThe compounds were obtained from this genus for the first time. Compound 6 was firstly obtained from marine organisms.

Chromatography ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Rhodophyta ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Sesquiterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Styrenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Thymine ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Uracil ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect(s) of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) on the activity of human growth hormone (hGH) gene promoter in rat pituitary GH3 cells and the molecular mechanism.

METHODSThe method of luciferase reporter gene was used. We firstly established stable GH3 cell line which contains hGH gene promoter -484-30 bp and luciferase reporter gene. After treating these cells with IL-1beta or IL-1beta plus various signaling transduction inhibitors, the concentration of GH in the medium and lysate of GH3 cells and luciferase activities in GH3 cells were measured to reflect the effect of IL-1beta on secretion and synthesis of GH and the promoter activity of the hGH gene and the molecular mechanism. Results IL-1beta (10-10(4)U/ml) increased secretion and synthesis of GH. IL-1beta at levels of 10(2)-10(4) U/ml promoted the luciferase expression in stable GH3 cells, and the maximal action was 1.61 times of the control (P < 0.001). Among the inhibitors of intracellular signaling transduction pathways, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) inhibitor PD98059 (40 micromol/L) and p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (5 micromol/L) completely blocked the stimulatory effect of IL-1beta, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) inhibitor LY294002 (10 micromol/L) partly blocked the induction of IL-1beta. Neither overexpression of Pit-1 nor inhibiting Pit-1 expression affected IL-1beta induction of hGH promoter activity. The stimulatory effect of IL-1beta was abolished following deletion of the -196 to -132 bp fragment.

CONCLUSIONSIL-1beta increases the activity of hGH gene promoter in rat pituitary GH3 cells. This stimulatory effect of IL-1beta appears to require the intracellular MAPK, p38 MAPK, and PI3-K dependent signaling pathways. The effect of IL-1beta requires the promoter sequence that spans the -196 to -132 bp fragment of the gene, but it is unrelated to Pit-1 protein.

Animals ; Cell Line ; Chromones ; pharmacology ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Genes, Reporter ; Growth Hormone ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Interleukin-1 ; pharmacology ; Luciferases ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Morpholines ; pharmacology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Pituitary Gland ; cytology ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

Objective To investigate the effects of hemiarthroplasty with different hip prostheses on the prognosis of unstable osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients.Methods A retrospective case series study was conducted on the clinical data of 556 elderly patients with unstable osteoporotic femoral intertrochanteric fractures treated with hemiarthroplasty from January 2008 to December 2014.There were 142 males and 414 females,aged (83.1 ± 6.9) years (range,75-103 years).The T value of bone mineral density was-3.5--2.5 SD [(-2.8 ± 0.2) SD].There were 306 cases of type A2.2 and 250 cases of type A2.3 according to AO classification.There were 296 cases of cement type and 260 biological type according to prosthesis type.Operation time,blood loss,time for ambulation,Harris hip score,and incidence of perioperative major complications were used to compare the therapeutic outcomes between the two types of prostheses.Results The operation time [(75.5 ±9.2) minutes],blood loss [(992.9 ± 94.2)ml],and time for ambulation[(7.1 ± 1.8) days] in cement type group were all less than those [(86.1 ± 9.3) minutes,(1 139.5 ± 96.0) ml,and (8.6 ± 2.1) days]in biological type group,but the lung infection rate (19.9％),incidence of cardio-cerebrovascular complications (15.9％) and total death rate (7.1％) in cement type group were significantly greater than the those (13.5％,8.8％ and 1.9％) in biological type group (P ＜ 0.05).There was nosignificant difference in Harris score (73.6％ vs.82.7％) between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions In the treatment of unstable osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients by hemiarthroplasty,the use of cement type prosthesis can reduce operation time,blood loss and bed rest time,but it will lead to significant increases of cardio-cerebrovascular complication and overall mortality.The prosthesis type has no significant effect on the improvement of hip function.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of pulmonary infection at different stages after renal transplantation.Methods Medical records of 61 patients with pulmonary infection after renal transplantation from January 2003 to July 2008 in our hospital were reviewed in this retrospective study. According to stages of infection onset, we divided all patients into two groups, early onset group (43/61, 70.5%, ≤12 months after transplantation) and late onset group (18/61, 29.5%, >12 months after transplantation). Clinical manifestations and prognosis were compared between the two groups.Results In the early onset group, the radiographic manifestation suggested diffuse interstitial changes of bilateral lungs. Combination of anti-infective therapy and early mechanical ventilation was preferred. While in the late onset group, unilateral pulmonary lesions were seen in most cases. More patients showed cardiac and gastrointestinal complications in this group, the mortality of which was much higher. Conclusions Pulmonary infection is a major complication of renal transplantation. The etiology, clinical characteristics and prognosis of infection varies with the stage after transplantation. Effective preventive and therapeutic measures should be applied more vigorously in patients with pulmonary infection, especially early onset ones.

AIM To observe the expression of inducible nitric ox ide synthase (iNOS) in the rats' hippocampus of kainic acid (KA) induced-seizur es and the effect of L-arginine(L-Arg) or L-nitroarginine(L- NNA) chronic intervention before KA. METHODS The expression of iN OS mRNA by RT-PCR and behaviour were observed after administration of convulsan t dose of KA (10 mg?kg -1 ) and pretreatment with NO predecessor (L-Ar g, 40 mg?kg -1 ) or a inhibitor of NOS(L-NNA, 50 mg?kg -1 ) befo re KA. RESULTS The time-dependent seizures were induced on rats after giving KA, and were improved and serious in the animals with L-NNA pr etreatment, but they were alleviated by L-Arg pretreatment before KA. Compa red with control, iNOS mRNA expression was feebly at KA 3 h, continuative improv ement accompanying KA time prolonged, and it was markedly enhanced at KA 24 h. I t couldn't be examined at KA 2 d or 3 d, and was obviously improved at KA 7 d a gain. iNOS mRNA appeared weak in the rats hippocampus with L-Arg pretreatme nt after KA 1 h, whereas it wasn't found in L-NNA pretreatment animals. CONCLUSION iNOS mRNA expression appeared in the hippocampus of seizu re rats at a few time after KA, and L-Arg chronic intervention before KA ha s a little effect on it.