CH2—O—CH—CH_3

The effect of propylene oxide on the liver of rats was studied. The result showed that propylene could elevate the level of sGPT and sGOP. Under a light microscope the hepato-pathohistologic lesion was observed.

The principle of Endoscopic Ultrasonography (EUS) is similar to abdominal ultrasonography. The difference between them is the installment of a high-frequency ultrasound miniature probe at the tip of the endoscope for real-time ultrasound scanning. The pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ. The insertion of the ultrasonic endoscope into the stomach and duodenum can clearly demonstrate the structure of the pancreas on ultrasound scanning. With the extensive application of EUS and development of endoscopic accessories, EUS is becoming more important and it plays an important role in the minimally invasive treatment of pancreatic diseases. EUS-FNA and injection technique, EUS-CPN,EUS-guided radiation seed implantation, endoscopic ultrasound-guided puncture and drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst broaden the application of EUS techniques. EUS will become another important minimally invasive endoscopic treatment for pancreatic diseases following ERCP.

With the development of minimally invasive management,laparoscopic operation has become more and more prevalent.As a surgical procedure,a serial of events,such as psychological damage,fasting,bleeding,hypothermia,pain,introduce of cathartic,gastric tube,urinary catheter and aggressive resuscitation of crystal fluid,can produce stress and delay the rehabilitation. Evidence-based medicine has demonstrated that during the laparoscopic surgery,alleviating these events is associated with milder stress reaction and fast recovery.The focus of minimally invasive surgery should be shifted from the local injury to the stress of the whole body,from the wound size to the psychological,physiological and pathological changes of the whole body,from the technique of operation to the comprehensive management during perioperative period.In summary,the minimally invasive surgery focuses more and more on minimizing the stress influence on the whole body rather than merely on the minimal incision.It is reasonable to conclude that this kind of research will bring significant innovation in minimally invasive surgery in the future.

Burns ; complications ; Humans ; Multiple Organ Failure ; etiology ; prevention & control

Objective To explore the change patterns of microcirculation in congested flap. Methods A congested flap model for long-term microeirculation observation was set up, and the mi-crocireulation of the congested tissues was observed carefully. Results Following congestion, the number of the capillaries in the congested flap were decreasing, the velocity of the bloodstreams were getting slower, and the aggregation of the red blood cells and the formation of the white thrombus were becoming more serious. About 72 hours later, the original microcirculation system of the flap was nearly exhausted. About 36 hours later, the neogenetie capillaries could be observed, with clear neogenetie capillaries observed at 48 hours. The congested tissues with nascent capillaries survived, while the capillaries without nascent formation suffered from necrosis in the end. Conclusions If the cause is not removed, the microcirculation status of the congested flap would get worse irreversibly, and the nascent capillaries would play an important role in the survival of congested tissues.

Objective To explore the effect of liensinine on cortical EEG of epileptic rats induced by lithium chloride-pilocarpine,and investigate the effective spectrum of liensinine on epilepsy.Methods 32 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:low dose of liensinine group(2.5 mg/mL, 10μL),high dose of liensinine group(5 mg/mL,10μL),the normal saline group(10μL)which was negative control group,levetiracetam group (100 mg/mL,10μL)which was positive control group,8 rats in each group.Electrocorticogram of rats was recorded after chloride lithium-pilocarpine model was induced.The anesthetic rats were fixed on stereotaxic apparatus after the epilepsy model was confirmed by ethology.A trochar was put into the left lateral ventricle.Rats were implanted with epidural recording electrodes.After the cortical EEG was recorded about 30 minutes, liensinine (at concentration of 2.5,5 mg/mL),levetiracetam and 0.9% sodium chloride was injected into lateral ventricle.Electrocorticogram was recorded about 150 minutes again.The frequency of epileptic discharge was observed every 30 minutes.The differences of frequency in the same group and the different change of frequency between groups at the same period were compared.Results The frequency of epileptic discharge decreased in low dose of liensinine group,high dose of liensinine group and levetiracetam group after administration ,there was significantly statistical difference in low dose of liensinine group after administration about 60 minutes(P<0.01 ),there was significant statistics difference in high dose of liensinine group after administration about 30 minutes(P<0.01),and the same change in levetiracetam group within 30 minutes after administration(P<0.01);the change of frequency of epileptic discharge was no significantly statistical difference between pro-and post-administration in the normal saline control group.The difference of the frequency change in epileptic discharge at the same period between liensinine group and levetiracetam group was observed ,there was statistic difference between low dose of liensinine group and levetiracetam group at the period of thirty to sixty minutes after administration,there was no statistic difference at other periods;there was no statistic difference between high dose of liensinine group and levetiracetam group at every period.Conclusion Liensinine could inhibit the epileptic discharges in acute model of epileptic rats induced by chloride lithium-pilocarpine.

Public-private partnership(PPP)serves as a useful attempt for an adjustment of existing number of public hospitals and incremental development of private hospitals in an effort to implement policies of the health reform and optimize the allocation of medical resources.Investment-OperationTurnover(IOT) is a way to introduce the PPP practice,regarded as an institutional innovation in reforming public hospitals.This paper traced back the IOT model in its development and analyzed its connotation and form,as well as its strengths and weaknesses in a feasibility study,and presented the existing IOT projects in China for reference and open discussion.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficiency of glucocorticoids in treatment of severe hepatitis.Methods A systematic review on the efficacy of glucocorticoids in treatment of severe hepatitis was conducted.Relevant literatures were searched in PubMed (1966-2011),EMCC (1995-2011),Springer,CNKI,Wanfang Database and CBM.The retrieved literatures were screened according to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.RevMan 5.0 statistical software was used for Meta-analysis.The mortality was evaluated by relative risk (RR),while the total bilirubin (TBil),ALT and prothrombin activity (PTA) were evaluated by weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95％ confidential interval (CI).The publication bias and sensitivity about the data were measured by forest plot and funnel plot.Results Twenty-three papers involving a total of 1457 patients were included in the study.Compared to control group,the mortality in glucocorticoids-treated group was lower (RR =0.39,95％ CI:0.32-0.47,Z =9.75,P＜0.01); and the TBil (WMD=-88.03,95％CI:-112.80-63.26,Z=6.97,P＜0.01),ALT (WMD=-25.04,95％CI:-42.23-7.84,Z=2.85,P＜0.01) and PTA levels (WMD=21.56,95％ CI:6.52-36.60,Z=2.81,P ＜0.01) in glucocorticoids-treated group were improved.Conclusion Glucocorticoids can effectively improve TBil,ALT and PTA levels,and reduce the mortality of patients with severe hepatitis.

Objective:To explore the influence of chaperone tapasin on HLA E expression on cell surface.Methods:The infection method was used to transfer the recombinant retrovirus expression vector which was constructed with HLA E molecules on target cells was detected with FACS technique.Results:Exogenous HLA E expression on T2 cell surface was detected with 74.13% and no HLA E expression was detected on control cells and that was transfected with empty vector.Conclusion:It is possible that the expression of HLA E molecules on cell surface involves in TAP independent mechanism.