Objective:In order to improve operator’s cognitive level for standardized disinfection, this paper will focus on analyzing and interpreting the disinfection procedures for some common dialysis machines.Methods: This paper will interpret and compare the disinfection procedures for three brands of dialysis machines in the following aspects: the choice of the disinfectant, the disinfection method, the concentration of the disinfectant and the injected volume of the disinfectant, etc.Results: The procedures of hot disinfection with citric acid were used completely in those three brands of dialysis machine, and the procedure of sodium hypochlorite need been used periodically to remove the proteins and other organic matter.Conclusion:Although the dialysis machines provide almost complete and efficient disinfection procedures, but the operator should need to select the most suitable procedures according to their practical situation. If the operators cannot master the disinfection procedures and have not noticed the importance of it, the wrong operator will lead to incomplete disinfection, affect the normal operation of the dialysis machines and increase the risk of cross-infection.

Objective:To explore the perioperative treatment principle for arteriovenous fistulas of hemodialysis,the related factors to the success of operations and the intervention measures.Methods:1820 cases in the 2 periods from 1992to 2000 and from 2001 to 2008 were selected,and the relation of the change of primary diseases,the difference of their blood vessel condition before operation,different operation methods and different treatment after operation to the successful rate of operation and fistulas blood flow was analyzed and statistical analysis was made to the related data.Results:The ratio of secondary renal disease in the second period was much bigger and of significant difference with that in the first period(P

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.An uncommon subset with myc and either bcl-2 or bcl-6 rearrangement,also known as ‘double-hit’ lymphomas,is considered very aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis despite high-intensity chemotherapy.Recently,these lymphomas have received increased attention.This review explores the existing literatures for the involved genes with their functions,clinical features,diagnosis and treatment.

OBJECTIVE To survey the status quo of hospital infection management and countermeasures in township health center. METHODS To adopt a unified examination and assessment survey,the township hospital infection management,including organization,personnel training,monitoring,disinfection and isolation,occupational protection,sterile disposable medical supplies and medical waste management was investigated in 15 Lanxi Town ship Health Centers. RESULTS Only 2 centers had management organizations (13.33%),5 (33.33%) to participate in personnel/training,no one carry out the monitoring of hospital infection,with fuzzy concept about cleaning disinfection and sterilization and poor awareness of occupational protection. CONCLUSIONS Realizing a sound organization improving hospital infection management staff and intensive training,increaseing the investment and strengthening th supervision and inspection are in accordance with the law and guide management of patients in rural areas to be assured of a secure medical establishment.

Objective To evaluate the effect of locking plate in the treatment of proximal humerus fractures and to compare the results of two approaches used for fixation.Methods Surgical treatment of 47 cases of proximal humerus fractures in the elderly in Affiliated Hospital of Yan′an University from September 2014 to September 2015.All fractures were randomly divided into two groups and treated with Phlios plate.Deltoid splitting and deltopectoral approaches were used for fixation respectively 23 cases and 24 cases.Postoperative shoulder function was evaluated according to Neer Score.Results The operation time,length of incision,intraoperative bleeding,fracture healing time,length of hospitalization in thoracic deltoid muscle group were more than deltoid splitting pathway group((90.1±6.3) min vs.(73.0±9.5) min,(10.0±3.5) cm vs.(6.3±2.6) cm,(100.0±30.1) ml vs.(90.6±36.4) ml,(3.2±0.8) months vs.(3.0±0.7) months,(10.3±1.9) d vs.(10.1±1.9) d),the difference of operation time(t=2.133,P=0.042) and length of incision(t=2.236,P=0.036) was statistically significant between the two groups,while the difference of the intraoperative bleeding(t=1.867,P=0.063),fracture healing time(t=1.064,P=0.242) and length of hospitalization(t=0.667,P=0.256) were not statistically significant.Followed up for 6.0-12.0 months,the average was (9.0±2.0) months,all patients achieved the bony healing.During the followed up,5 complication(10.6%) were encountered,including 2 cases of varus malunion,1 case of acromial impingement(115°-124°),1 case of screw cut-out and 1 case of humerus head osteonecrosis.The patients with tow-or three parts fractrues in tow groups,Neer-Score scores were statistically significant ((76.8±2.8) points vs.(76.1±2.6) points,(78.9±2.3) points vs.(77.8±2.4) points,t=2.76,2.58,P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the four parts ((71.9±2.3) points vs.(72.6±2.1) points,t=1.06,P>0.05).The excellent-good rate in triangle muscle splitting approach group was 91.3%(21/23),of thoracic deltoid muscle group was 58.3%(14/24),there were significant different existed in two groups(P=0.023).Conclusion Locking plate for the treatment of proximal humerus fractures has a good effect.Deltoid splitting approach in the prognosis of function recovery has more advantages.

Pathologist Dixit in American Michigan University found a gene induced by cytokine from human umbilical vein endothelial cells in 1990.This gene is increased in a variety of cells rapidly and coded a special kind of the zinc finger protein when being stimulated by interleukin-1 (IL-1),PLS and tumor necrosis factor (TNF).The gene was named as zinc finger protein A20 gene,and its coding protein was named as zinc finger protein A20.A20 is a kind of endogenous regulatory protein,inhibiting the inflammatory reaction and cell apoptosis through the inhibition of NF-kappa B activity.This article mainly reviewed the structure,function and clinical significance of A20.

Objective To compare the difference between linear blending and non-linear blending function for dual-energy CT, and to evaluate the effect on CT image quality. Methods The model was made of a piece of fresh pork liver inserted with 5 syringes containing various concentrations of iodine solutions ( 16.3,26.4,48.7,74.6 and 112.3 HU). Linear blending images were automatically reformatted after the model was scanned in the dual-energy mode. Non-linear blending images were reformatted using the software of optimal contrast in Syngo workstation. Images were divided into 3 groups, including linear blending group, non-linear blending group and 120 kV group. Contrast noise ratio (CNR) were measured and calculated respectively in the 3 groups and the different figure of merit (FOM) values between the groups were compared using one-way ANOVA. Twenty patients scanned in the dual-energy mode were randomly selected and the SNR of their liver, renal cortex, spleen, pancreas and abdominal aorta were measured. The independent sample t test was used to compare the difference of signal to noise ratio (SNR) between linear blending group and non linear blending group. Two readers' agreement score and single-blind method were used to investigate the conspicuity difference between linear blending group and non linear blending group.Results With models of different CT values, the FOM values in non-linear blending group were 20. 65 ±8.18,11.40±4.25, 1.60±0.82,2.40±1.13, 45.49±17. 86. In 74. 6 HU and 112. 3 HU models, the differences of the FOM values observed among the three groups were statistically significant ( P＜0.05),which were 0.30±0. 06 and 14. 43 ±4. 59 for linear blending group, and 0. 22 ±0. 05 and 15.31±5.16 for 120 kV group. And non-linear blending group had a better FOM value. The SNR of renal cortex and abdominal aorta were 19.2±5.1 and 36. 5 ± 13.9 for non-linear blending group, while they were 12.4 ±3.8 and 22.6±7.0 for linear blending group. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups. The conspicuity scores of different organs in non linear blending group were far higher than those in the linear bending group. The Kappa value was 0. 64, showing good consistency. Conclusion Compared to the linear blending method, the non-linear blending method was a better option, especially in improving SNR and conspicuity.

Objective To discuss the influence of conbercept intraocular injection to vitrectomy on diabetic retinopathy.Methods patients (100 cases) with diabetic retinopathy were divided into two groups according to whether use intraocular injection drug or not.The injection group (49 cases) was given conbercept intraocular injection before vitrectomy.The control group (51 cases) was only given vitrectomy.The influence of conbercept intraocular injection to vitrectomy on diabetic retinopathy was evaluated by surgery,prognosis,visual acuity before and after surgery.Results The surgery time of the injection group was shorter than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).There were six bleeding cases in the injection group and 20 cases in the control group.The number of bleeding of injection group was shorter than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the electric coagulation,silicone oil use,iatrogenic macular holes number of injection group was smaller than of that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).During 1 month follow-up,the number of small bleeding and large bleeding cases of injection group was smaller than of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistical significance on vision between two groups.After 1 month surgery,the vision of two groups were increased.And the vision of injection group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In summary,conbercept intraocular injection could help vitrectomy.It could reduce the difficulty of surgery and shorten the surgery time.It could reduce the bleeding symptoms during and after surgery.It could improve the vision of patients.

Radiotherapy has become one of the most important treatments for cervical carcinoma. In recent years,because of the organ motion,anatomical changes and setup errors et cetera,the accurate external beam radiotherapy( EBRT)may regard to the difference between the actual dose delivery and the pre-treatment plan,which not only causes target less,but also brings additional doses to the organs at risk( OAR). By using of image guidance and individual modelling,adaptive radiotherapy( ART)can analyze the parameters of target position,volume and dose and adjust optimized plans for the follow-up treatment based on aforesaid feedbacks and enable the enhancement of the local control rate while reducing the incidence of the side reaction.

The low sensibility of MR molecular imaging to signals makes signal amplification exceptionally important.This paper reviews the strategy of the reporter gene signal amplification in MR molecular imaging.