Objective To study the anticoagulation effect of low molecular weight heparin ( LMWH) on hemodiafiltration by different forms of administration. Methods Twenty-four uremic patients undertook hemodiafiltration were divided into ia and iv group randomly, acecepted single injection of LMWH. LMWH was administered to 12 patients by arterial injection ( predialyzer), while in the other 12 patients by venous injection (postdialyser). The APTT were measured before treatment and at 1 h,2 h,3 h time points after treatment in all patients. The dialysis fluid and blood levels of LMWH were measured at 2 minutes,5 minutes,1 h,2 h,3 h time points after the treatment started. Results The LMWH levels during hemodiafiltration were significantly higher in iv group than ia group (0.457 ± 0.073 ) U/ml vs. (0. 217 ± 0. 053 ) U/ml, t = 9. 702, P = 0. 001 ). However there were no significant APTT, dialyzer residual substance differences between two groups (P ＞ 0. 05 respectively )Conclusions Different ways of drug administration resulted in significantly different blood levels of LMWH, but did not affect the anticoagulant effect during hemodiafiltration, which would be related to LMWH absorption on dialysis membrant.

Objective To investigate the causes of non-union and delayed union of fractures and to report the surgical techniques and outcomes of the treatments. Methods 107 cases of non-union, 54 cases of delayed union and 2 cases of congenital non-union of tibia were treated between July 1990 and December 2004 in our hospital. The treatments were evaluated retrospectively to analyze the causes of the disorder and the treatment outcomes at the follow-up. 18 cases of delayed union were treated conservatively while the other 145 cases in this series underwent surgery. Results Except in the 2 cases of congenital non-union of tibia, iatrogenic factors were found to be responsible for nonunion or delayed union in all the other 161 cases. 153 cases were followed up for an average of 17 (6 to 28) months only to reveal bone union in all the cases with a mean healing time of 10 (6 to 14) months. All the limbs regained good function. Conclusion Since development of non-union and delayed union of fractures chiefly result from iatrogenic technical defects, satisfactory results can be achieved as long as appropriate treatments are performed according to different etiological factors.

Small molecule compounds have distinct effects in the targeted anti-tumor field,which can kill tumor cells efficiently and selectively,reduce normal tissue damage,and especially can overcome the poor specificity and serious adverse reaction of the traditional chemotherapy drugs.So small m,olecule compounds play an important role in recent clinical therapy.

The two hybridoma cell lines secreting antikeratin monoclonal antibodies (McAb)were obtained from fusion between NS_1 myelema cells and spleen cells of BALB/cmice immunized with keratin prepared from human callus.The two cell lines(AF_2and AF_5)have a chromosome number of 97 and 96 respectively.By immunodiffusion,both AF_2 and AF_5 McAb belong to mouse IgG_1 subclass.They have been successivelypassaged for over six months in vitro,and can grow well in the peritoneal fluid ofBALB/c mice,both produce high titer of specific antibodies. To determine their specificity with keratin of epithelia,AF_2 and AF_2 McAbwere used to stain various human normal and neoplastic tissue sections by the ABC(Avidin-Biotin peroxidase complex)immunohistochemical techniques.The results showthat AF_2 and AF_5 McAb can stain a series of normal epithelial tissues(in epidermis,positive for cells above the basal layer)and epithelial tumor tissues.No staining wereobserved in nonepithelial normal and tumor tissues.These results suggest that the twoMcAb are quite specific for a definite number of cytokeratins and promise to be use-ful in the differential diagnosis of tumors.

@@

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of ultrashort wave combined with dephlogisticate cholagogue table in treating patients with chronic cholecystitis.Methods One hundred and forty-four patients with chronic cholecystitis treated from January 2009 to October 2011 were randomly divided into 2gtoupe by mechanical sampling method.Treatment group (76 cases) was treated with ultrashort wave and dephlogisticate cholagogue table.Control group (68 cases) was treated with dephlogisticate cholagogue table.The therapeutic effect and the incidence of ache and fever and B-type ultrasonography between two groups were compared.Results The total effective rates were 89.5％ (68/76) in treatment group and 67.6％(46/68) in control group.There was significant difference (P ＜0.01).The incidence of ache and fever,positive rate of B-type ultrasonography in tneatment group [10.5％(8/76),5.3％(4/76),10.5％(8/76)] were significantly lower than those in control group [32.4％ (22/68),14.7％ (10/68),33.8％(23/68)] (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ultrashort wave combined with dephlogisticate cholagogue tabble is an effective method for treating chronic cholecystitis.

Small intestinal submucosa has been applied in a variety of areas of basic and clinical study with its Characteristics of anti-infective and Low immunogenicity and so on.However,it is common to find the shrinkage and other problems in some tissue repair,and affects the functional recovery of repaired tissue to a certain extent.Thus,it is still a question to be resolved that how to avoid the shrinkage and other adverse effects after tissue repair.This paper provides a reliable basis for further correct understanding of the SIS's capacity of tissue repair by reviewing and summarying its characteristics and present situation of tissue repair,especially put forwarding the shrinkage problem.

Objective To investigate the morphology and the cause of the ascending aortic aneurysm induced by ascending aorta banding. Methods Forty young Wistar rats were divided into two groups:the control group (10 rats) and the experiment group (30 rats).The rat models induced by ascending aorta banding were made.The ascending aortas were taken after operation in 3-5 months,and special staining and immuohistochemical staining technique were performed and observed under light microscope. Results The ascending aortic aneurysms were induced by ascending aorta banding of the young Wistar rats 3-5 months after operation.The occurrence of the aneurysm is 63.3%,and the occurrence of dissecting aneurysms is 36.7%.The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-3 is strong in the ascending aortic aneurysm.Conclusion The occurrence of ascending aortic induced by banding ascending aorta of the young Wistar rat is high,and the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-3 is strong.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of Sanjin tablets in the treatment of urinary tract infection. METHODS: Retrieved from electronic databases and references literatures by on-line or manual way, RCTs about Sanjin tablets in the treatment of urinary tract infection were collected. Related data were obtained and analyzed with evidence-based medical software statistically. RESULTS: 1 046 patients in 13 studies with were included. Two studies showed that Sanjin tablets had better effect than amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and norfloxacin in the treatment of urinary tract infections. One study showed there was no significant difference in efficacy of Sanjin tablets and Modified juling tang. Other trials showed that there was no difference in efficacy between Sanjin tablets and Chinese herbal medicine, antibiotics. Three trials showed Sanjin tablets combined with Chinese herbal medicine or antibiotics had the same effect with antibiotics alone in the treatment of urinary tract infection. No severe ADR induced by Sanjin tablets was found in included studies. Funnel plot which assumed asymmetry indicated the existence of publication bias and unsatisfactory methodological quality. CONCLUSION: Few trials show efficacy of Sanjin tablets are better than antibiotics. Most of studies show that there is no significant difference between Sanjin tablets and antibiotics. At present no evidence indicate that efficacy of Sanjin tablet is superior to other drugs. The methodological quality of clinical trials of Sanjin tablets for urinary tract infections should be improved.

Facing the diverse social environment and development, several aspects of higher clinic medical education,such as educational philosophy,personnel cultivating goal and mode,are undertaking all kinds of shift,which can be embodied in the medical curriculum reform.