Visual cognition is a comprehensive procedure of information processing from eyes,visual pathway through cerebral cortex.Visual function covers down multiple concepts of ocular structures,psycophysics,photochemistry and photoelectric information transformation,reflecting visual acuity,contrast visual acuity,visual field,color vision,binocular vision,visual perception and many other detailed parameters.Ocular abnormal status is reflected to certain visual function while visual function is various and anfractuous from kinds of ocular problems.These complex networks lead to some misunderstanding of research in the filed of visual function concept.An expatiation of the diversified visual function is helpful for us to integrate visual function and ocular ailment process.This paper tried to explicit some misconceptions,and accentuated the importance of clinical research around visual function for the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases and nervous system diseases.

[Objective] To summarize the clinical experience on treating thoracic spinal little joints disorder by manipulation of embracing cervical and extracting chest. [Method] To col ect and analyze the theory and methodology of Pro.Fan's clinical treatment on thoracic spinal little joints disorder. [Result]Professor Fan has rich clinical experience for many years in the study and treatment of spinal diseases. He puts forward theories of“close relationship between symptoms with etiology”and“correct spinal little joints disorder”, that is to say, considering symptoms to detect it's etiology, thinking etiology to find out it's dislocation, the method of treatment is removing pathogeny, etiology is removed, symptoms are removed. Based on the theory, Pro.Fan invents the manipulation of “embracing cervical and extracting chest”to treat thoracic spinal little joints disorder.And this manipulation has significant effect on clinic. [Conclusion] Pro.Fan has great innovation on treatment of thoracic spinal little joints disorder and the manipulation of“embracing cervical and extracting chest”has significant effect on clinic.

BACKGROUND: Researchers in China and abroad have done a lot of experiments to study the bond strength of dentine adhesives from generation one to six,which have received satisfied results. However,there are still no reports about the bond strength of the seventh generation adhesive (Adper EasyTM one). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bond strength of the Adper EasyTM one to normal dentine and caries-affected dentine,and to compare the results with total-etching adhesives. METHODS: A total of 12 healthy posterior teeth were randomly divided into group A and B; 12 posterior teeth with chronic occlusal caries were divided into group C and D. Adper EasyTM one was applied for group A and C,while Single bond 2 for group B and D. The modes of group A,B,C,D were subjected to microtensile bond strength test. Interfacial morphologies were analyzed by Stereo-Microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The microtensile bond strength of group A and B was (21.84±3.98),(27.10±4.85) MPa,which was (16.44±3.46) and (21.48±4.85) MPa in the group C and D. The differences between group A and B,group C and D,group A and C,as well as group B and D were statistical significant (P < 0.05). Failures mostly occur along the resin-dentine interface. The total-etching adhesives performed more effectively to both normal dentine and caries-affected dentine than Adper EasyTM one. For the same adhesive,the healthy dentine yielded higher bond strength than the caries-affected dentine.

Mast cells (MCs) are bone marrow-derived and tissue-homing immune cells which have important functions.Recruitment and activation in tumors are demonstrated to be mainly mediated by tumorderived stem cell factor (SCF) and its receptor c-kit on MCs.The numbers and distributions of MCs in tumors are closely related to the growth of tumors and angiogenesis.MCs can mediate angiogenesis by releasing a series of angiogenesis factors,so as to promote the progress of tumors.

AIM: To study the effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a tea extract, on the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and the possible mechanisms in vitro. METHODS: The expression of MUC1 in breast cancer cells treated with or without EGCG was detected by immunohistochemistry. The effect of EGCG on invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells was evaluated using Transwell chambers attached with polycarbonate filters and reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel). Gelatin zymography was performed to detect the secretion of collagenase-Ⅳ. RESULTS: EGCG reduced the expression of MUC1, significantly suppressed the invasion of tumor cells to basement membrane and reduced the secretion of collagenase-Ⅳ. CONCLUSION: In vitro, EGCG may suppress invasion, metastasis, and collagenase-Ⅳ secretion in MDA-MB-231 cells by inhibiting the production of MUC1.

Objective To study the development of self-concept and parental rearing style in primary and secondary school students and the relationship between them.Methods A stratified cluster sample of 319 students from fourth grade in primary school to first grade in high school,9～16 years of age,were investigated with the Piers-Harris Children's self-concept Scale (PHCSS) and the EMBU.Results Inter-grade differences existed in the total score of self-concept and its subscales except popularity (F=2.170～4.288,P＜0.05),as well as in the most factors of parenting except father's intrusiveness,father's overprotection,mother's intrusiveness and overprotection,and mother's punishment (F=2.449～7.596,P＜0.05),with the maxima of self-concept (total score 61.05±9.00,behavior 13.85±1.94,intellect status 11.48±3.10,physical appearance 8.33±2.50,lack of anxiety 10.13±2.39,happiness 8.38±1.23) and the minima of father's punishment and rejection and mother's rejection (15.08±2.80,7.33±2.23,10.43±3.26) both in the sixth grade pupils (P＜0.05).Parental emotional warmth was positively correlated to self-concept (r=0.188～0.389),while parental punishment and mother's rejection was negatively correlated to (r=-0.112～-0.540),and father's rejection was also negatively correlated to (r=-0.160～-0.420) except physical appearance.All of these correlations were significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Self-concept of primary and secondary school students and parental rearing style interact with each other,and develop curvily with children's growing.

Adjuvants, Immunologic ; therapeutic use ; Astragalus Plant ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nucleic Acids ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy ; Pneumonia ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Recurrence ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Tyrosine ; therapeutic use

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on the apoptosis and respiratory burst of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in vitro. Methods The peripheral venous blood was collected from healthy volunteers. Isolation of PMN was performed by using the discontinuous plasma-Percoll gradient technique. PMN was randomLy divided into four groups: control group and three different concentrations of Dex (1 ng/mL,10 ng/mL,100 ng/mL) groups. PMN was cultured in enriched RPMI-1640 media at 2 × 106/mL for 24 h. The caspase-3 activity, apoptosis rate and respiratory burst of PMN were detected at 2 and 24 h. Results Compared with the control group, the PMN which was treated with three different concentrations of Dex showed no significant difference in caspase-3 activity, apoptosis rate and respiratory burst of PMN after 2 h of incubation. Compared with the control group, 1 ng/mL concentration of Dex did not affect the caspase-3 activity, apoptosis and respiratory burst of PMN cultured for 24 h. However, 10 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL concentrations of Dex promoted the caspase-3 activity, increased apoptosis rate and reduced the respiratory burst of PMN after 24 h of incubation. Compared with 10 ng/mL Dex group, 100 ng/mL concentrations of Dex promoted the caspase-3 activity, increased apoptosis rate and reduced the respiratory burst of PMN after 24 h of incutation. Conclusion Clinically relevant concentration of Dex does not affect apoptosis and respiratory burst of PMN, while high concentration of dexmedetomidine can induce apoptosis of PMN.

Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of combination of rh-endostatin (Endostar) with docetaxel treatment on patients of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who presented progressive disease (PD) after first-1ine chemotherapy.Methods From Janury 2010 to March 2013,76 patients with stage Ⅲ B/ Ⅳof NSCLC experienced previous chemotherapy of one-regimen were screened for this trial.Given docetaxel combined with recombinant human endostatin (combined group, 38 cases) and docetaxel (chemotherapy group, 38 cases) to continue treatment.The response, time to progression(TTP) and adverse effects were observed in both groups.Results The objective response rate (ORR) and clinical benefit rate (CBR) were 0 and 63.2％ (24/38) in the combined group, along with 0 and 52.6％ (20/38) in the single docetaxel group, with a nonsignificant difference between the two groups (P =0.712).The median TTPs in the combined and single docetaxel groups were (2.6±0.4) months and (2.0±0.8) months respectively (P =0.083).The median TTPs of the patients with SD after therapeutic cycles in the combined and single docetaxel groups were (6.2±0.4) months and (3.2 ± 0.8) months respectively (P =0.038).The differences between two groups were nonsignificant in adverse, serious adverse and cardiovascular adverse effects(P＞0.05).Conclusion Endostar may prolong TTP in patients with advanced NSCLC benefited from docetaxel treatment without increased toxicities.