Visual cognition is a comprehensive procedure of information processing from eyes,visual pathway through cerebral cortex.Visual function covers down multiple concepts of ocular structures,psycophysics,photochemistry and photoelectric information transformation,reflecting visual acuity,contrast visual acuity,visual field,color vision,binocular vision,visual perception and many other detailed parameters.Ocular abnormal status is reflected to certain visual function while visual function is various and anfractuous from kinds of ocular problems.These complex networks lead to some misunderstanding of research in the filed of visual function concept.An expatiation of the diversified visual function is helpful for us to integrate visual function and ocular ailment process.This paper tried to explicit some misconceptions,and accentuated the importance of clinical research around visual function for the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases and nervous system diseases.

Mast cells (MCs) are bone marrow-derived and tissue-homing immune cells which have important functions.Recruitment and activation in tumors are demonstrated to be mainly mediated by tumorderived stem cell factor (SCF) and its receptor c-kit on MCs.The numbers and distributions of MCs in tumors are closely related to the growth of tumors and angiogenesis.MCs can mediate angiogenesis by releasing a series of angiogenesis factors,so as to promote the progress of tumors.

BACKGROUND: Researchers in China and abroad have done a lot of experiments to study the bond strength of dentine adhesives from generation one to six,which have received satisfied results. However,there are still no reports about the bond strength of the seventh generation adhesive (Adper EasyTM one). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bond strength of the Adper EasyTM one to normal dentine and caries-affected dentine,and to compare the results with total-etching adhesives. METHODS: A total of 12 healthy posterior teeth were randomly divided into group A and B; 12 posterior teeth with chronic occlusal caries were divided into group C and D. Adper EasyTM one was applied for group A and C,while Single bond 2 for group B and D. The modes of group A,B,C,D were subjected to microtensile bond strength test. Interfacial morphologies were analyzed by Stereo-Microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The microtensile bond strength of group A and B was (21.84±3.98),(27.10±4.85) MPa,which was (16.44±3.46) and (21.48±4.85) MPa in the group C and D. The differences between group A and B,group C and D,group A and C,as well as group B and D were statistical significant (P < 0.05). Failures mostly occur along the resin-dentine interface. The total-etching adhesives performed more effectively to both normal dentine and caries-affected dentine than Adper EasyTM one. For the same adhesive,the healthy dentine yielded higher bond strength than the caries-affected dentine.

Objective To study the development of self-concept and parental rearing style in primary and secondary school students and the relationship between them.Methods A stratified cluster sample of 319 students from fourth grade in primary school to first grade in high school,9～16 years of age,were investigated with the Piers-Harris Children's self-concept Scale (PHCSS) and the EMBU.Results Inter-grade differences existed in the total score of self-concept and its subscales except popularity (F=2.170～4.288,P＜0.05),as well as in the most factors of parenting except father's intrusiveness,father's overprotection,mother's intrusiveness and overprotection,and mother's punishment (F=2.449～7.596,P＜0.05),with the maxima of self-concept (total score 61.05±9.00,behavior 13.85±1.94,intellect status 11.48±3.10,physical appearance 8.33±2.50,lack of anxiety 10.13±2.39,happiness 8.38±1.23) and the minima of father's punishment and rejection and mother's rejection (15.08±2.80,7.33±2.23,10.43±3.26) both in the sixth grade pupils (P＜0.05).Parental emotional warmth was positively correlated to self-concept (r=0.188～0.389),while parental punishment and mother's rejection was negatively correlated to (r=-0.112～-0.540),and father's rejection was also negatively correlated to (r=-0.160～-0.420) except physical appearance.All of these correlations were significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Self-concept of primary and secondary school students and parental rearing style interact with each other,and develop curvily with children's growing.

Objective We tried to investigate the current status of pediatric nursing post setting and analyze the practical application effect in the clinical working practice for the foundation of readjusting and setting up the pediatric nursing positions.Methods By convenient sampling method,the general condition and current post setting situation in the pediatric wards of 7 hospitals with self-designed questionnaires were investigated.The results underwent analysis Results The nursing post setting in pediatric wards of 7 hospitals were not all the same,nursing posts in the pediatric ward included three categories:management positions,teaching positions and clinical positions.Management positions included the head nurse,deputy head nurse and head nurse assistant; teaching positions included the teaching secretary and clinical total teaching nurse; the seven kinds of clinical nursing positions were office job,day shift,night shift,evening shift,midnight shift,late-morning shift,auxiliary job.Though some nursing jobs differed in the position names and working hours,their job contents were nearly identical.Conclusions Pediatric nursing post setting management in our country is still in the exploratory stage at present,it has not form a unified perfect job management system.Pediatric nursing positions should be set from the perspective of evidencebased theory,satisfying the demands of patients as the guidance,coming from clinical needs as the first principle,in the full implementation of the accountability for nursing and based on comprehensive consideration of various factors,so that the post setting can be scientific and reasonable.

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on the apoptosis and respiratory burst of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in vitro. Methods The peripheral venous blood was collected from healthy volunteers. Isolation of PMN was performed by using the discontinuous plasma-Percoll gradient technique. PMN was randomLy divided into four groups: control group and three different concentrations of Dex (1 ng/mL,10 ng/mL,100 ng/mL) groups. PMN was cultured in enriched RPMI-1640 media at 2 × 106/mL for 24 h. The caspase-3 activity, apoptosis rate and respiratory burst of PMN were detected at 2 and 24 h. Results Compared with the control group, the PMN which was treated with three different concentrations of Dex showed no significant difference in caspase-3 activity, apoptosis rate and respiratory burst of PMN after 2 h of incubation. Compared with the control group, 1 ng/mL concentration of Dex did not affect the caspase-3 activity, apoptosis and respiratory burst of PMN cultured for 24 h. However, 10 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL concentrations of Dex promoted the caspase-3 activity, increased apoptosis rate and reduced the respiratory burst of PMN after 24 h of incubation. Compared with 10 ng/mL Dex group, 100 ng/mL concentrations of Dex promoted the caspase-3 activity, increased apoptosis rate and reduced the respiratory burst of PMN after 24 h of incutation. Conclusion Clinically relevant concentration of Dex does not affect apoptosis and respiratory burst of PMN, while high concentration of dexmedetomidine can induce apoptosis of PMN.

Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of combination of rh-endostatin (Endostar) with docetaxel treatment on patients of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who presented progressive disease (PD) after first-1ine chemotherapy.Methods From Janury 2010 to March 2013,76 patients with stage Ⅲ B/ Ⅳof NSCLC experienced previous chemotherapy of one-regimen were screened for this trial.Given docetaxel combined with recombinant human endostatin (combined group, 38 cases) and docetaxel (chemotherapy group, 38 cases) to continue treatment.The response, time to progression(TTP) and adverse effects were observed in both groups.Results The objective response rate (ORR) and clinical benefit rate (CBR) were 0 and 63.2％ (24/38) in the combined group, along with 0 and 52.6％ (20/38) in the single docetaxel group, with a nonsignificant difference between the two groups (P =0.712).The median TTPs in the combined and single docetaxel groups were (2.6±0.4) months and (2.0±0.8) months respectively (P =0.083).The median TTPs of the patients with SD after therapeutic cycles in the combined and single docetaxel groups were (6.2±0.4) months and (3.2 ± 0.8) months respectively (P =0.038).The differences between two groups were nonsignificant in adverse, serious adverse and cardiovascular adverse effects(P＞0.05).Conclusion Endostar may prolong TTP in patients with advanced NSCLC benefited from docetaxel treatment without increased toxicities.

This paper introduced the concept of wearable medical equipment, the development trend, a parti-cular way of gathering information and privacy protection from residential to people, to the development trend of da-ta-centric. Thus, this paper analyzes the information privacy protection of ethical challenges are: data has been weakened by the autonomy of the parties, the right to self-determination; The double-edged effect of wearable medical equipment increases the difficulty of the privacy protection, Has not been perfect wearable medical equip-ment behavior increase the difficulty of privacy protection. Privacy protection facing the challenge of wearable medi-cal devices for causes mainly include:commercial interests drive;Privacy violation cost greatly reduced. Doctor-patient information asymmetry, the patients privacy protection consciousness is weak. To solve above problems, and puts forward the countermeasures of information privacy protection:perfect wearable medical equipment's ethics and policies and regulations;improve the wearable medical devices the user's ego to protect consciousness;improve the wearable technology protection capabilities of medical equipment.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of baicalin in Yangyin mixture. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of SunFire C18 with mobile phase of methnol-water-phosphoric acid(43∶57∶0.2,V/V/V)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 280 nm, column temperature was 30 ℃,and the volume injection was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range of baicalin was 0.055 75-1.115 μg(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility test were lower than 2%;recovery was 95.39%-98.44%(RSD=1.19%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,rapid and accurate,and suitable for the content determination of baicalin in Yangyin mixture.