OBJECTIVE: To offer reference for Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises in formulating a physicians' prescription behavior-based marketing strategy. METHODS: A survey and analysis was carried out by reviewing pertinent literature and interviewing experts. RESULTS: Physicians' prescription behavior was influenced by many factors. Most pharmaceutical enterprises had inertia thinking in formulating marketing strategies in that they put an emphasis on the quantity rather than the quality of information available to physicians, which has caused the unsatisfactory sales performance. CONCLUSIONS: The pharmaceutical enterprises could improve the efficiency of sales performance by analyzing physicians' prescription behavior, getting rid off inertia thinking and taking corresponding strategies.

Objective To evaluate the change of the amount of collagen in the viemedic RF ASC01IC non-ablative photorejuveantion,in order to provide reference for effective clinical treatment.Methods Twenty rats were randomly divided into two groups,with ten rats in each group.The rats'skin was dividied into two areas by spine.The left side was used as control,and the right side was experiment side,which was treated with RF by viemedic RF ASC011C for five times at interval of seven days,and ten minutes in each time.The content of collagen in the dermis was measured by immunohistochemical method,the thickness of collagen bundles in the dermis was measured under HE staining and the quantity of collagen fibers was compared by collagen fibers staining.Results Epidermis was more smooth,the collagen fiber was thicker and the content of fibroblasts,collagen was higher in experiment side.Image quantitative analysis showed significant improvement in area density of collagen fibers.Conclusions RF is a very safe and effective method for non-ablative photorejuvnation.

Aged ; Cytoplasm ; Cytoplasmic Granules ; Female ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; pathology ; Plasma Cells ; pathology

Colonoscopy has been accepted as the standard method for evaluation of colon and rectum,its success rate depends on the quality of bowel preparation. Aims:To evaluate the cleanliness and tolerance of fractionated dose versus single dose polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution( PEG-ES) bowel preparation regimens for colonoscopy. Methods:A total of 427 consecutive asymptomatic individuals undergoing colorectal cancer screening were enrolled and randomly assigned into 2 groups. Subjects in group A drank 1. 5 L PEG-ES on the eve and 4 hours before colonoscopy, respectively;subjects in group B received a single dose of 3 L PEG-ES 5 hours before colonoscopy. Score and degree of Boston bowel preparation scale(BBPS)and PEG-ES related adverse effects of the two groups were assessed and compared. Results:There were no significant differences in gender,age and cecal insertion rate between group A and group B(P ﹥ 0. 05). Score of BBPS was significantly higher in group A than in group B(P ﹤0. 01). Both regimens met the requirement of conventional colonoscopy,however,the cleanliness of colon was graded as excellent in more subjects of group A( P ﹤ 0. 01),and less subjects of group A complained PEG-ES related nausea(P ﹤0. 05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the PEG-ES drinking pattern was associated with cleanliness of colon and occurrence of nausea( P ﹤ 0. 05). Conclusions:Fractionated dose PEG-ES regimen provides a better colonic cleansing quality and tolerance for bowel preparation of colonoscopy,which is superior to that of single dose regimen.

Objective To investigate the role of S100B protein in the pathogenesis of patients with Japanese encephalitis (JE).Methods A total of 45 patients were enrolled in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from August 2013 to October 2013,who were diagnosed as JE on the basis of clinical features and positive IgM antibodies against JE virus measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from the Center of Disease Control of Shijiazhuang.The JE patients were divided into initial phase group,acute phase group and convalescence group based on the course,mild JE group,moderate JE group and severe JE group based on the severity,MRI-no-lesion group and MRI lesions group based on the imaging findings of JE.Twelve cases with no evidence of infection in central nervous system in the meantime were chosen as control.The S100B protein was measured by ELISA.Results The content of S100B protein in cerebrospinal fluid was as follows:522.76 (393.35,620.37) pg/ml in mild JE group (acute phase group:609.77 (549.27,779.71) pg/ml,convalescence group:420.48 (344.36,453.19) pg/ml),792.09 (705.47,1 108.96) pg/ml in moderate JE group (acute phase group:770.19 (646.31,1 069.54) pg/ml,convalescence group:803.45 (602.90,1 396.84) pg/ml),and 1 021.94 (680.84,1 302.15) pg/ml in severe JE group (acute phase group:981.82 (680.84,1 826.28) pg/ml,convalescence group:989.00 (553.62,1 207.67) pg/ml).The S100B protein content was 561.52 (454.36,814.56) pg/ml,803.45 (602.90,1 104.01) pg/ml,762.22 (594.95,1 044.97) pg/ml,581.76 (442.51,1 069.10) pg/ml in MRI-no-lesion group,MRI lesions group,total acute phase group and total convalescence group,respectively.While in control group,the S100B protein content was 266.71 (205.72,390.05) pg/ml.The contents of S100B protein in moderate JE group,severe JE group,total acute phase group,total convalescence group,MRI-no-lesion group,MRI lesions group were higher than that in control group (H =4.864,5.497,5.075,3.918,2.971,4.981,P =0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.009,0.000).The contents of S100B protein in mild JE group was lower than that in moderate JE group and severe JE group (H =-2.786,-3.514,P =0.032,0.003).Conclusions The level of S100B protein in cerebrospinal fluid is related with the severity,duration and imaging presentation of JE patients.The dynamic monitoring of S100B protein levels is of great significance for assessment of the patients' condition and curative effect.

Objective To explore the effect of the improved abdominal rotation card method in insulin injection. Methods A total of 100 hospitalized diabetes patients were randomly divided into control group (n=50) and observational group (n=50) according to the random number method. In the control group, insulin was injected to the subcutaneous tissue of abdomen with traditional method annular rotating method. Insulin was injected using improved abdominal rotation card method in the observational group. Compare accuracy and mastery rate of injection site rotation between the two groups. Compare fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial 2H blood glucose (PBG), HbA1c, the incidence of hypoglycemia and endermic induration between the two groups after three months. Results The nurses in the observation group had higher accuracy rate of the injection site rotation compared to the control group [98.6%(690/700) vs. 38.6%(270/700),χ2=584.66, P<0.01]. Mastery rate of the injection site rotation for the patients in the observation group were significantly higher than the control group [70.0% (35/50) vs. 20.0% (10/50), χ2=25.74, P < 0.01]. The incidence of endermic induration were significantly lower in observation group compared to the control group [2.0% (1/50) vs.16.0% (8/50), χ2=5.98, P < 0.01]. The incidence of hypoglycemia were significantly lower in observation group compared to the control group [4.0%(2/50) vs. 16.0%(8/50),χ2=4.00, P<0.01]. Conclusions The new abdominal rotation method in insulin injection can be a safe and effective therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective To investigate whether there is any difference in aortic stiffness among different hypertension subtypes in patients with chronic kidney disease.Methods Six hundred and twenty-six patients with chronic kidney disease were included in the present analysis.They were classified into four groups:normotension (n =391) with systolic blood pressure (SBP) ＜ 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ＜ 90 mmHg; isolated systolic hypertension (ISH,n =141) with SBP≥ 140mmHg and DBP ＜ 90 mmHg; isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH,n =25) with SBP ＜ 140 mmHg and DBP≥ 90 mmHg; systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH,n =69) with SBP≥ 140 mmHg and DBP≥ 90mmHg.Aortic stiffness was assessed by pulse pressure and pulse wave velocity.Results The IDH group had lower mean age than the other groups(P ＜ 0.01).The percentage of diabetes in the ISH group was higher than that in the other groups.The comparison of aortic stiffness showed that the ISH and SDH groups had higher aortic stiffness than the normotension and IDH groups (P ＜ 0.01),but no significant difference in aortic stiffness was observed neither between the normotension and IDH groups nor between ISH and SDH groups.Conclusion Aortic stiffness is significantly different among different hypertension subtypes,which may be an underlying cause for the different cardiovascular mortality among the hypertension subtypes.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of the completely thoracoscopic lobectomy for clinical N0 and postoperatively pathological N2 non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC).MethodsFrom Sep.2006 to Jan.2010, 216 patients with NSCLC received completely thoracoscopic lobectomy in our center.Two hundred and six patients were clinical N0 preoperatively(103 males and 103 females, median age of 62.3 years, rang 29 to 85 years).They were divided into two groups based on postoperatively pathological staging, pN0 group and pN2 group.Some perioperative factors including age, gender,tumor size,tumor location,pathological type, pathological differentiation,rate of conversion to thoractomy,operation time,blood loss,lymph node dissection, time of drainge, hospitalization and complications were studied and compared between two groups.Results There were 203 cases of lobectomy, 2 cases of composite lobectomy and 1 case of pneumonectomy.All procedures were carried out safely without serious complication except for one operative death result from respiratory failure.There were 168 cases in pN0 group and 38 cases in pN2 group.Age and gender were similar between two groups.The tumor size in pN0 group was smaller than that in pN2 group [ (2.6 ± 1.6) cm vs (3.7 ± 1.9) cm, P = 0.001 ].The tumors in pN0 group were lesser appearance in the bilateral lower lobes (31.0％ vs 50.0％, P = 0.026).There was a approximate proportion of adenocarcinoma in two groups (82.7％ vs 73.7％, P = 0.181), but the proportion of poorly differentiated carcinoma in pN0 group was significantly lower than that in pN2 group(19.0％ vs 42.1％, P = 0.002).There were no differences in the rate of conversion to thoractomy(7.1％ vs 7.9％, P = 1.000), operation time[ (196.1 ± 53.7) min vs (208.6 ± 56.8) min, P = 0.202 ], blood loss[ (253.2 ±247.9) ml vs(279.0±183.3) ml, P=0.475], time of drainage[ (7.7 ±3.2) days vs (9.7 ±6.3) days,P=0.066], hospitalization[ (10.6 ±4.6) days vs (13.0 ±7.6) days, P =0.063]and complications(12.5％ vs 21.1％,P =0.171).The stations of mediastinal lymph node dissection were equivalent in two groups(3.1 ± 1.2 vs 3.3 ± 1.1, P =0.237) , but there were fewer numbers of mediastinal lymph node dissection in pN0 group (9.9 ± 6.8 vs 12.7 ± 8.4, P =0.038).ConclusionCompletely thoracoscopic lobectomy is a feasible surgical therapy for cN0-pN2 non-small-cell lung cancer without loss of curability.

Objective To evaluate the long term effect of video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy for myasth,enia gravis and the influence of concomitant thymoma.Methods 47 cases of myasthenia gravis were retrospectively reviewed who had received video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy from Apr.2001 through Oct.2009.The patients were separated to two groups with or without thymoma.Influence of oncologic factors was carefully studied.Results There were 20 males and 27 females with a mean age of 36.6 yrs.According to the typing system of the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America ( MGFA),the patients belonged to type Ⅰ 18 cases,type Ⅱ a 14 cases,type Ⅱ b 14 cases,and Ⅲa 1 case.22 patients were in the group with thymoma,and the other 25 in the group without thymoma.Until the deadline of follow-up time of Jun.2011,only two cases in non-thymomatous group were lost.Follow-up time was 20 to 122 months,mean 57 months.The complete stable remission rate(CSR),pharmacologic remission(PR),minimal manifestations(MM),worse(W),exacerbation(E) and died of myasthenia gravis(D) in non-thymomatous group were 78.3％,13.0％,4.3％,0,0 and 4.3％.In thymomatous group the values were 50.0％,22.7％,13.6％,4.5％,9.1％ and 0.Conclusion Video-assisted thoarcoscopic thymectomy has a satisfactory long term effect for myasthenia gravis.Thymomatous group has no different in overall effectiveness with that of non-thymomatous group although a probably lower complete stable remission rate is prompted.

[ ABSTRACT] Interstitial cells of Cajal ( ICC) is the pacemaker in the gastrointestinal tract , which is closely as-sociated with the formation of slow wave and the regulation of gastrointestinal motility .As the pacemaker of gastrointestinal tract, the activation of pacing signal is triggered by the local calcium oscillation in the ICC .The change of calcium concen-tration can activate many relevant ion channels , such as NSCC, ANO1, VGCC, HCN channels and potassium channels , which can generate a large number of pacing current to form the slow wave and then propagated by the gap junction between the ICC networks and smooth muscle cells to make the peristalsis of gastrointestinal tract in autonomic rhythm .However, the mechanism of these ion channels in the pacemaker activity is still unclear , so we refer to make a review about the re-search progress on these pacemaker channels in this article to illuminate the mechanism of pacemaker activity in ICC .