The arteries and/or the veins of 30 human stomaches (11 adults,19 infants)were perfused with coloured gelatin or methylmethacrylate.The specimens were madeinto section and spreading preparation,and cast,and studied under LM and SEM.The main results were as follows:1.Mucosal arterioles divided into 2kinds of branches,i.e.luminal arteriole and glandular arteriole,and hadanastomosis.Luminal capillaries which lay in lamina propria around gastric pitoriginated from the luminal arterioles and from the glandular capillaries.2.Mucosalcapillaries drained into mucosal venule at 3 levels,viz.the luminal surface,theglandular neck and the glandular base.There were 2 kinds of venular anastomosis:the anastomosis between the straight mucosal venulae at the level of the glandularneck or the base of the gastric pit,and the basal venular plexus which lay betweenthe muscularis mucosae and the base of gastric gland.3.Mucosal blood vesselsobserved on transverse section might be divided into 3 parts:base-body,neck-body,and gastric pit.In neck-body part the density of capillaries is the highest.4.Flat,round or elliptic impressions of endothelial nuclei can be seen on the cast ofmucosal venule under SEM.It was interesting that a pit was noted at the center ofeach impre-ssion.The importance of mucosal blood vessels in the mucosa is forprotection from invasion and damage effected by luminal contents.

Objective To study the effect of calcitonin on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in femoral fracture healing in ovariectomized rats .Methods 80 female rats of 3 months old were randomly divided into four groups :Sham operation group(Sham ,10 cases);Ovariectomized operation group(OVX ,10 cases);Ovariectomy+ fracture+ salinegroup(Control ,30 cases) and Ovariectomy+ fracture +calcitonin group(Experimental ,30 cases) .Rats in Sham group and OVX group were performed ovari-otomy and killed after 4 weeks ,femoral bone mineral density was measured .For rats in Control group and Experimental group ,right middle femoral facture was performed 4 weeks later after ovariectomy .Calcitonin(16 IU/kg)were injected subcutaneously once per 2 days in Experimental group ,while those in Control group were given equal volume of normal saline .Rods in these two groups were killed after 3 ,6 ,9 weeks(10 at a time) ,femoral bone mineral density(BMD)was measured;hematoxylin-eosin staining and im-munohisto-chemical staining were performed at the 3th ,6th and 9th week after fracture ,respectively .Results Compared with Sham group ,rats weight in OVX group gained more(P< 0 .05) ,and BMD in OVX group significantly decreased more(P< 0 .05) .HE staining ,at the 3th week after fracture ,endochondral ossification domained in fracture healing ,and no significant difference existed (P>0 .05)in BMD .At the 6th week after fracture ,bone trabecula in both groups arranged in order ,compared with the control group ,BMD in experimental group increased significantly(P<0 .05) .At the 9th week after fracture ,bone trabecula in both groups arranged closely ,BMD in both groups showed significant difference(P<0 .05) .There was no significant difference of vascular endo-thelial growth factor(VEGF)between experimental group and control group at the 3th ,6th ,9th week after fracture(P>0 .05) .Con-clusion The results suggest that calcitonin treatment could enhance the bone mineral density significantly after fracture ,but it has no impact on the expression of VEGF in osteoporotic fracture healing .

Objective Simvastatin, as a widely used lipid-lowering drug, exhibits a potential effect of promoting bone forma-tion. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of oral simvastatin on lumbar vertebral bone mass and intervertebral disc ( IVD) degeneration in ovariectomized ( OVX ) rats. Methods Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to dual OVX ( n=20) or sham surgery ( n=10) and the OVX rats were treated orally with either saline vehicle (OVX+V, n=10) or simvastatin (OVX+SIM, n=10 ) at 5 mg per kg of the body weight per day. After 6 months of intervention, the microstructure of the L3 vertebra was ob-served by micro-CT, the bone mineral density ( BMD) in the L5-6 ver-tebrae determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and histo-logical changes of the L5-6 vertebrae analyzed by van Gieson stainingand semi-quantitative evaluation. Results Compared with the sham-operation group, both the OVX+V and OVX+SIM groups showed significantly decreased BMD in L5([0.2933±0.0110] vs [0.2423±0.0081] and [0.2598±0.0249] g/cm2, P<0.05), L6 ([0.2907±0.0150] vs [0.2395±0.0061] and [0.2572±0.0121] g/cm2, P<0.05), and L5-6([0.2860±0.0115] vs [0.2380± 0.0059] and [0.2528±0.0126] g/cm2, P<0.05), but all the 3 parameters were remarkably higher in the OVX+SIM than in the OVX+V group (P<0.05). Micro-CT analysis manifested significantly lower BV/TV and Tb.N but higher Tb.Sp in the OVX+V than in the sham operation group ( P<0.05) . Abundant notochordal cells and extracellular matrix in the nucleus pulposus with well-arranged outer annulus fibrosus were observed in the rats of the sham operation group. The animals of the OVX+V and OVX+SIM groups displayed de-generation of the nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, reduced notochordal cells and their replacement by chondrocyte-like cells in the nucleus pulposus, mucoid degeneration in the matrix, and disruption of the nuclear-annular border in the annulus fibrosus. The disc de-generation scores were significantly higher in the OVX+V and OVX+SIM than in the sham operation group (4.35±0.9 and 3.53±0.42 vs 2.48±0.92, P<0.05). Conclusion OVX induces not only bone loss in vertebrae but also IVD degeneration in rats, while simvasta-tin can partly prevent bone loss in lumbar vertebrae without aggravating IVD degeneration in OVX rats.

Ardisia Crenata Radix is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant that belongs to the Myrsinaceae family,and its main active components are coumarins,saponins,flavonoids,and volatile oil.Bergenin,ardisicrenoside A,ardisicrenoside B,ardisiacripin A,ardisiacripin B,and embelin were identified as active anticancer compounds in in-depth studies into the anti-tumor effects of Ardisia Crenata Radix.They show high therapeutic potential in oral cancer,nasopharyngeal carcinoma,liver cancer,colon cancer,bladder cancer,cervical cancer,and leukemia,mainly by inducing tumor cell apoptosis,increasing tumor cytotoxicity,inhibiting cell proliferation,inhibiting tumor cell metastasis and migration,and inducing cell regulatory enzyme cascade reactions.However,most preclinical experimental data on cinnabar root's anti-tumor mechanism have not been verified in high-quality,multi-sample,and repeated randomized controlled trials,and there are a lack of clinical research data on tumor prognosis,pharmacodynamics,and pharmacokinetics.Accurate research experiments and clinical trials should be designed to further explore the pharmacological effects of Ardisia Crenata Radix.