PURPOSE: The purpose of this study were to identify the essential component and meaning structure of the experience of 'Sockalee' among abused elders. METHOD: This study was done using a phenomenological analytic method by Giorgi. The participants in this study were six elders who had the previous experience of 'Sockalee' as abused elders. The data were collected by interviewing the participants from May to September, 2003. Generally, three interviews for one person were performed and each interview lasted for one and half hours. RESULTS: The meanings of 'Sockalee' of abused elders were categorized with seven components. Those are (1) Unsolved family conflicts. (2) Being powerless. (3) Being pushed out. (4) Egocentric situation-recognition. (5) Strengthening egocentric situation-recognition (6) Attempts for re-powerfulness. (7) Release from abuse. (8) Situation recognition with others' position considered. CONCLUSION: Therefore, the nursing intervention must be focused on the above concerns to accomplish the successful solution for the abused elderly problems, especially approaching from the standpoint of the whole human.
Aged ; Family Conflict ; Humans ; Nursing

PURPOSE: This study examined structural relationships between parenting stress and mothers' relational variables such as marital satisfaction, marital conflict, husbands' parental involvement, and maternal identity. METHODS: A nine-pathway hypothetical model was developed based on literature reviews. Two exogenous variables (marital satisfaction and marital conflict) and three endogenous variables (husbands' parental involvement, maternal identity, and mothers' parenting stress) were included in this model. Participants were 170 mothers of 5~7 month old children who visited the Public Health Center to be vaccinated between January 19 and March 27, 2015. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations, and structural equation modeling with PASW/WIN 22.0 and AMOS 22.0. RESULTS: The model fit indices for the modified model were suitable for the recommended level. Among mothers' relational variables, maternal identity, marital conflict, and husbands' parental involvement directly influenced mothers' parenting stress. Marital satisfaction did not have a direct and indirect influence on mothers' parenting stress, however, it directly affected maternal identity and husbands' parental involvement. These predictive variables of mothers' parenting stress explained 56.0% of the model. CONCLUSION: This study expanded the understanding of mothers' parenting stress and can be used to develop effective interventions to decrease stress.
Child ; Family Conflict ; Humans ; Mothers ; Parenting* ; Parents* ; Public Health

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the stress-coping process used by elderly people. METHOD: This study was based on the grounded theory methodology of Strauss & Corbin. The participants were 15 elders selected by theoretical sampling. Over a period of 3 months, in-depth interviews using audiotape recording were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed simultaneously by a constant comparative method in which new data were continuously coded in categories and properties according to Strauss and Corbin's methodology. RESULT: Stress in elderly people is caused by illness, family conflict, and loss of economic power. Stress occurred in connection with aging and limitation of social activity. The central incidents for stress were fear, alienation and anxiety. It was found that action/interactional strategies of stress-coping behavior were related to social support and mobility disorders. Action/interactional strategies to stress-coping in elderly people were dependent on medical treatment, mind control, participation of social activity, and renunciation of offensive behavior. Stress-coping in elderly people resulted in stability or instability in body and mind. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the results of this study may contribute to the development stress-coping strategies for elderly people. There is need to develop social support systems and a positive environment to avoid negative coping strategies.
Aged* ; Aging ; Anxiety ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Family Conflict ; Humans ; Tape Recording

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine gender differences in attitudes towards sleeping in separate rooms (SSR) a means of dealing with marital conflict and to explore the reasons why participants agreed or disagreed with SSR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Research participants were 616 married people (300 men, 316 women) aged 30 to 89 years and currently lived with their spouses in the same house. They were asked to assess their attitudes towards SSR using a Likert scale from 0 (strongly disagree) to 10 (strongly agree). Two separate SSR questions were given to them: one for the respondents themselves and the other for couples in general. RESULTS: There were significant gender differences in attitudes towards SSR. Men generally disagreed with SSR, with a negligible difference between the two separate SSR cases (p>.05). However, women agreed with SSR, especially with the question about the respondents themselves (p<.01). The most frequent reason from agreeing with SSR was to alleviate conflict, while the most frequent reason for disagreeing was related to sexual issues, which showed significant gender differences. CONCLUSIONS: Gender differences in attitudes towards the SSR were found, and the differences were examined in the context of social exchange theory. The limitation of this study was that the sexual interactive and communicative patterns of the couples who were sleeping in separate rooms were not explored.
Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Family Characteristics ; Family Conflict ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Spouses

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effects of Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) on distressed married couples. METHODS: We conducted 5 to 19 EFT sessions once a week with 10 couples from Yongin Mental Hospital who were experiencing marital conflict. We assessed participants before and after EFT, using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Symptom Checklist 90-R (SCL-90R), and Korean Marital Satisfaction Inventory (K-MSI). The EFT consisted of 3 stages comprising 9 steps. Every couple followed this EFT structure. RESULTS: After completing the EFT sessions, the inventories showed the couples experiencing significant improvements in various psychological symptoms and marital satisfactions. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that EFT could be applied to distressed couples in a clinical setting and could effectively reduce psychological symptoms and improve marital satisfaction. Further study of the generalizability of these results and of the process variables are needed.
Checklist ; Depression ; Equipment and Supplies ; Family Characteristics ; Family Conflict ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Pilot Projects

The purpose of this study was to investigate loneliness in infertile women and determine how loneliness related to personal characteristics, cause of infertility, family composition, and family conflicts. It also provides basic data for nursing strategies concerning infertile women. A total of 182 subjects were selected at an infertile clinic in Seoul, Korea. Data were collected from May 2 to June 21, 1997 by questionaire. It consisted of questions concerning general characteristics, items relating to infertility, and the Loneliness Scale. The UCLA Loneliness scale was used(more specifically, the Korean version of the Revised UCLA Scale by Kim Ok Soo.). The data were analyzed by using SPSS/PC computer program. The result are as follows: 1. The mean age of infertile women was 32.4 years old, and the mean age of souses was 34.8 yerars old. 30.2% of women had a marital duration of 3-5 years, and 25.8% had a marital duration of 5-10 years. 23.1% reported the main etiology of infertility as unexplained, 18.1% reported ovulation disturbances, and 26.4% reported complex causes. 3.8% of the couples had sexual relationship difficulty 83% lived in nuclear families, while 17% lived in large families. 2. The mean loneliness scores of infertile women was 35.53(SD=8.66). The total loneliness score of this study was 80. 3. There were significant differences in loneliness scores according to ages(F=6.893, p=.001), education background(t=4.418, p=.000), and the educational background of husband(t=2.339, p=.020). 4. Loneliness scores related to family situations were significantly different according to several male nephews in husbands' family(F=2.822, p=.027). 5. Loneliness scores related to conflicts were significantly different according to husbands and their family(F=11.465, p=.000). Nurses should acknowlege the fact that some infertile women may experience loneliness. In conclusion, nurses can provide infertile women with information about ways to decrease loneliness and create support groups for themselves, assisting infertile women to adjust to the experience of infertility through positive methods.
Education ; Family Characteristics ; Family Conflict ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility ; Korea ; Loneliness* ; Male ; Nuclear Family ; Nursing ; Ovulation ; Self-Help Groups ; Seoul ; Spouses

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the lived experience of the family caregivers with the demented elderly. For investigate purposes of this study, data collection was done from May 9th to October 16th 1997, by means of in-depth interviews with 6 individuals in caregiving families. The research question was "What are the lived experiences of being a family caregiver with the demented elderly? "All interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed for the analysis using Colaizzi's method. The main results of this study were as follows : 1) Family caregivers ascribed the cause of the dementia to 'environmental change' and the 'introverted personality of the elderly'. 2) Family caregivers let the demented elderly alone initially and then they restrained the elderly who was in a fit of dementia. 3) The coping response of family caregivers varied. The coping reponses were (1) having their moods go up and down, (2) enduring and praying, (3) avoiding the elderly, (4) hoping for release from responsibility, (5) enduring their conditions(obligations), (6) accepting the elderly, (7) taking an objective view, and (8) taking safety measures. 4) The long ordeal of coping with a demented elderly person resulted in the (1) loss of physical and psychological well-being, (2) ethical conflicts, (3) family conflicts, (4) become desperate, (5) rejection of the aging process, (6) sympathy and understanding for the elderly, (7) awareness that the support system is important and (8) hope of sharing their responsibility. The results of this study may help nurses to understand the lived experiences of the family caregivers with the demented elderly better, in order to provide more basic data for the development of educational programs for dementia family caregivers. It may help to make the coping process easier and more successful for the family members of the demented elderly.
Aged ; Aging ; Alzheimer Disease* ; Caregivers* ; Data Collection ; Dementia ; Family Conflict ; Hope ; Humans ; Linear Energy Transfer

This study was done to identify the relationships among family support, role conflict end Lii quality of life of patients with arthritis. And it was investigated the effects of family support on role conflict and the quality of their lives. The subjects were 98 patients with arthritis. The instruments used in this study were used Family Support Scale by Kang( 1985), Modified Quality of Life Scale by Ro(1988), and Role Conflict Scale developed by the researcher. The results of study were as follows : 1. Disease characteristics related to role conflict were pain iritensity( r = .35, p< .001) and limitation of activities of daily living(ADL)(r =37, p< .001). That related to quality of life was pain(r= -.27,p<.01). 2. There were no significant variations family support, role conflict and quality of life between rheumatoid arthritis and osteogenic arthritis patients. The patients with rheumatoid arthritis had more than twice the number of. affected joints as comparing to osteogenic arthrrt:s. But there were no differences the pain intensity and limitation of activity of ADL. 3. As applying to arthritis patients in general : There was a significant negative relationship between family support and role conflict(r=-.28, p<.01). There was a significant negative relationship between role conflict and quality of life(r= -.46, p<.01). There was a sigmfrcant positive re lationship between family supprt and quality of life(r=.58, p<.01). Family support, as an intervening variabe, had an impact on quality of life and role conflict. In conclusion, family support is an important variable in improving the quality of life of patients with arthritis. And especially role conflict has a significant influence on the quality of their lives, Therefore, we have to devehope nursing interventions for higher levels of family support through family education and support programs. In future studies, it would be well to investigate for effects and qualities of role conflict in the lives of patients with arthritis.
Activities of Daily Living ; Arthritis* ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Education ; Family Conflict* ; Humans ; Joints ; Nursing ; Quality of Life*

PURPOSE: This study examined relationships among stress, stress coping strategies, and somatization in mothers-in-law from multi-cultural families in a rural area. METHODS: Elderly mothers-in-law (n=227) living with foreign daughters-in-law completed a self-reporting questionnaire. Data were collected from April to August 2009. Questions related to stress (Visual Analog Scale, VAS), coping strategies (Coping Strategy Scale) for stress, and somatization (Symptom Check List 90, Revised). SPSS/WIN 12.0 program was used for descriptive analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: Subjects had a moderate level of stress (5.03). There were significant differences in stress level according to age, educational level, religion, chronic disease, health status, number of children, agreement of an international marriage of her sons, satisfaction in living with a foreign daughter-in-law, and family conflict. Stress showed a significant positive correlation with offensive coping strategy, passive strategy, and somatization. Stress, offensive coping strategy, and passive coping strategy affected the level of somatization. CONCLUSION: In a family situation involving co-habitation of mother- and foreign daughter-in-law, increased stress experienced by the mother-in-law can lead to increased offensive and passive coping strategies, and increased somatization. More effective means of stress reduction are needed for mothers-in-law from multi-cultural families.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Aged ; Child ; Chronic Disease ; Family Conflict ; Humans ; Marriage ; Somatoform Disorders ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This study was designed to investigate clinical characteristics and outcome of patient with suicidal attempt. A retrospective analysis by chart review of 130 cases of patients with suicidal attempt who visited emergency department of Dankook University Hospital from January 1998 to December 1998. The results were as follows; 1. The ratio of patients with suicidal attempt to total patients who visited emergency department was 0.7%. The highest suicidal attempt rates were among aged 20-39. The gender ratio is similar. 2. Suicidal attempt were more common in summer, July, Friday, evening. 3. The most common place of suicidal attempt was home. 4. Drug ingestion was the most common method of suicidal attempt. Drug used for suicidal attempt were agricultural drug including organic phosphorus and carbamate, and therapeutic drug. 5. Common motives of suicidal attempt were marriage conflict, family conflict. 6. The intensity of will to die was more strong in old aged male. 7. Suicidal attempt associated with alcohol drinking was 39.2%. 8. Common symptoms or signs of intoxication were neurological and gastrointestinal.
Alcohol Drinking ; Eating ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Family Conflict ; Humans ; Male ; Marriage ; Phosphorus ; Retrospective Studies