Young Kunming mice were fed with the food containing mercuric chloride, lithium carbonate, lead acetate or cadmium chloride for 45 days. It was found that these 4 salts of metals could all result in different degrees of functional and structural damages of the kidneys of the mice. In the mercuric chloride and lead acetate groups. the liver and the duodenum were also severely damaged besides the renal damages and the mice suffered a high mortality during the period of taking the toxicants. In the lithium carbonate group, the mortality was also very high but the histological damages of the kidneys were less severe. In the cadmium chloride group, the renal damages were more severe than in the other 3 groups, the mortality of the mice was relatively low, the histology of the heart, the liver and the duodenum was essentially normal, and the renal damages became worse even the toxicant was stopped. It is concluded that cadmium chloride is the agent of choice to establish the mouse model of chronic renal failure.

Objective To investigate the induced expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in epithelial cells of cultured human proximal renal tubule under the stimulation of interferon-?(IFN-?)in vitro.Methods The expression of IDOmRNA in epithelial cells of human proximal renal tubule under normal and different dosage or time of IFN-? stimulation were assayed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR,the expression of IDO protein under normal and 2000U/ml IFN-? stimulation for 24h were assayed by immunocytochemistry,and the activity of IDO under different dosage of IFN-? stimulation was assessed by the special kynurenine metabolizable ratio in culture medium detected by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results No expression of IDO mRNA or IDO was found in the epithelial cells of human proximal renal tubule under normal culture conditions.IDO mRNA expression increased significantly after IFN-? stimulation in a dose dependent manner compared with that of control group(P

Objective To investigate the effects of different growth factors to perfused kidney in vitro at room temperature. Methods 25 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups, Each group had 5 rabbits. Perfusion was carried out in vitro on rabbits′ kidney with different culture media containing hepatocellular growth factor(HGF) in high or low dosage, epidermal growth factor(EGF) in high or low dosage, and growth factors-free. On the 65th hour after perfusion, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity, the concentration of sodium and potassium in kidney vein effluent and ?-N-acetyl amino glucosaminidase in urine (NAG) activity in each group were respectively detected to observe the renal function. Renal histological changes under light microscope and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) of renal tissue were also examined to observe the renal morphological changes and the lesion degrees of renal tissue. Results The preservation effect of the culture media containing HGF in high dosage was the best among all 5 groups. In this group, LDH activity, the concentration of potassium in kidney vein effluent and NAG activity in urine were significantly lower than that of other 4 groups; the concentration of sodium of kidney vein effluent was notably higher than any other group. Renal histological changes under light microscope and PCNA stain of renal tissue showed that the renal morphological damage and the lesion of renal tissue were lighter than any other group. Conclusion HGF in high dosage could markedly improve the effect of perfusion preservation and protect the function and morphology structure of perfused rabbits′ kidneys better.

72 h), the lowest increase of kidney weight ( P

Objective To compare the effect of hemodiafiltration(HDF) on the incidence rate of intradialytie hypotension. Methods We followed up eighteen patients with symptomatic hypotension history and divided them into group A and group B.Group A was treated with conventional hemodialysis(CHD) and HDF, Group B adopted HDF with low temperture hemodialysis. The number of hypotensive episodes, blood temperature during cardiopulmonary bypass, energy transfer rates were assessed. Results The incidence of symptomatic hypotension of patients was found lower in CHD (40%) than in HDF (6%),P<0.01. Energy transfer rates were founded higher in CHD than in HDF and low temperture hemodialysis, P<0.01. Conclusions HDF significantly reduced hemodialysis-related side effects and increased the tolerance ability of patients.

Objective To investigate the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)in renal tissues of crescent nephritis and its correlation with cell proliferation and pathologic tubulointerstitial lesion.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect IDO expression in renal tissues of crescent nephritis and normal renal tissues.The correlation between IDO expression and the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)positive cells or pathologic tubulointerstitial lesion were analyzed.Results IDO expression was found in the renal tubular epithelial cells of crescent nephritis,while that in the normal renal tissues was negative by immunohistochemical staining.The expression of IDO protein in tubular epithelial cells showed a significantly negative correlation with the number of PCNA positive cells or tubulointerstitial lesion of crescent nephritis.Conclusion IDO may participate in the pathogenesis of crescent nephritis by inhibiting the cell proliferation.

Objective To further investigate the effect of mast cell tryptase on the pathogenesis of chronic renal fibrosis. Methods Renal interstitial fibroblasts were isolated from histologically normal renal tissue obtained from kidneys removed because of malignant renal tumor by collagenase disintegration, and cultured in vitro. The cultured fibroblasts were identified by cell shape and immunocytochemistry, and divided into groups for further experiments. The expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and protease-activated receptor 2(PAR-2) mRNAs in in vitro cultured fibroblasts was assessed by means of semi-quantitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR). Result Renal fibroblasts were successfully cultured. Mast cell tryptase(10~500ng/ml) promoted expression of PAR-2 mRNA and MCP-1 mRNA of human renal fibroblasts in heparin-dependent manner. Proteinase inhibitor benzamidine hydrochloride hydrate (200?mol/L) could suppress the effects of tryptase on the cultured renal fibroblasts. But TGF-? antibody did not influence the effect. Conclusion Tryptase might be involved in pathogenesis and development of renal fibrosis by PAR-2 and MCP-1.

Objective To investigate the effect of PTEN protein on the proliferation of rat renal fibroblasts resulted from the stimulation of TGF-?_1. Methods In vitro, the cultured rat renal fibroblasts were transfected with the adenovirus containing PTEN. Invert fluorescent microscope was used to detect the GFP expression, meanwhile PTEN mRNA was determined by RT-PCR method. 48h after the transfection, TGF-?_1 was added into the culture medium in a concentration of 10ng/ml. After another 24h, the proliferation rate of rat renal fibroblasts was determined by means of MTT method. Immunocytochemistry was also used to detect the expression of PCNA. Results As GFP positive fibroblasts were detected,the expression of PTEN mRNA was significantly increased in the rat renal fibroblasts which were transfected with the adenovirus containing PTEN. Accompanied with the expression of PTEN, the proliferation of cultured rat renal fibroblasts resulted from the stimulation of TGF-?_1 was obviously inhibited, and the expression of PCNA was significantly decreased. Conclusion PTEN could suppress the proliferation of rat renal fibroblasts caused by stimulation of TGF-?_1, and it might be useful to inhibit renal fibrosis and delay the rate of renal impairment.

AIM: To explore the expression changes of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) and its receptors (BMPR-Ⅱ, ALK-2, ALK-3, ALK-6) in the renal tubulo-interstitial lesions induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). METHODS: Rats were divided into normal control, sham operation and UUO groups, and sacrificed at postoperative day 1, 3, 7 and 14. The mRNA levels of BMP-7, BMPR-Ⅱ, ALK-2, ALK-3 and ALK-6 were examined by RT-PCR. The protein expression site and level of BMP-7 was detected by immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS: Compared to sham operation group, the mRNA levels of BMP-7, BMPR-Ⅱ, ALK-2 and ALK-3 were significantly decreased, but the change of ALK-6 mRNA was not marked in UUO rats. The reduction of mRNA expression levels of BMP-7, BMPR-Ⅱ, ALK-2 and ALK-3 in the kidney tissue aggravated along with the delayed post-operated days. The results of immunohistochemistry staining indicated that BMP-7 mainly expressed in renal tubular and interstitial, rarely in glomeruli. In UUO rats, the protein expression of BMP-7 decreased in varying degrees according to the post-operated days. CONCLUSION: The loss of BMP-7 and its receptors (BMPR-Ⅱ, ALK-2, ALK-3) were observed in the early phase of fibrotic process and this may play a very important role in mediating the renal tubulointerstital fibrosis.

Objective To analyze the correlation between the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and the clinicopathologic features of IgA nephropathy .Methods A total of 168 patients diagnosed as IgA nephropathy by renal biopsy in Xinqiao hospital from Janu‐ary 2011 to December 2013 were divided into high expression of dual‐positive Snail and a‐SMA group (Group A ,117 cases) and low expression of dual‐positive Snail and a‐SMA group (Group B ,51 cases) according to results of immunohistochemical method .The clinical parameters (age ,gender ,course of disease ,BMI and chemical indicators) and renal pathology grade were compared by statis‐tical analysis .Results There were difference between group A and group B in the course of disease and BMI(P<0 .05) .There were differences between group A and group B in the incidences of creatinine ,blood urea nitrogen ,serum triglycerides and 24‐hour urine protein amount (P<0 .05) .The percentage of Lee′s grade Ⅰ ,Ⅱ ,Ⅲ in group B was significant ,while percentage of Lee′s gradeⅣ + Ⅴin group A was significant .The expression of Snail and a‐SMA in grade Ⅳ + Ⅴ was more than that in grade Ⅰ + Ⅱ (40 .2%vs .9 .4% ) ,and the difference between two groups was statistically significant (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion The expression of Snail and‐SMA were related with 24‐hour urine protein amount and kidney function in IgA nephropathy ;and Lee′s grade was severe in patients with high expression of Snail and‐SMA .