Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; Universities ; Malaysia ; Japan

It has been suggested that proteasome system has a role in initiation, progression, and complication stages of atherosclerosis. Although there is still controversy, there has been no research that compares the expression of proteasome in tissue and serum at each of these stages. This study aimed to investigated the expression of proteasome at different stages of atherosclerosis using rat model. We measured the expression of aortic proteasome by immunohistochemical analyses and were then analyzed using ImageJ software for percentage of area and integrated density. We used Photoshop version 3.0 to analyze aortic proteasome expression as a comparison. We measured serum proteasome expression by enzyme linked immunosorbents assays. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare mean value of percentage of area and serum proteasome. Analysis of variance test was used to compare mean value of integrated density. Correlation test between vascular proteasome expression and serum proteasome expression was made using Spearman test. A P-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Compared with normal, percentage of area was higher in initiation, progression, and complication. Compared with normal, integrated density was higher in initiation and further higher in progression and complication. Data from Image J is similar with data from Photoshop. Serum proteasome expression was higher in initiation compared with normal, and further higher in progression and complication. It was concluded that there were different vascular proteasome expression and serum proteasome expression at the stages of atherosclerosis. These results may be used in research into new marker and therapeutic target in atherosclerosis.
Animals ; Atherosclerosis* ; Immunosorbents ; Models, Animal ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Progesterone

PURPOSE: To observe the efficiency of reirradiation with high dose rate intraluminal brachytherapy in symptomatic palliation of recurrent endobronchial tumors. MATERIALS and METHODS: Between January 1994 and June 1998, 21 patients diagnosed with recurrent endobronchial tumors following external beam radiotherapy were treated palliatively with high dose rate intraluminal irradiation at Hacettepe University Oncology Institute. A single fraction of 10Gy was prescribed to the specified area in 9 patients and 15Gy to 12. RESULTS: Endobronchial treatment improved the performance and reduced symptomatology in 17 (81%) patients. Ten dyspneic patients (10/14, 71%) recovered clinically with an accompanying radiological downstaging. The median symptomatic palliation was 45 days (range, 0-9 months), and the overall median survival was 5.5 months (range, 4-12 months). The palliative intrabronchial brachytherapy was well tolerated, with the exception of in one patient with a fatal hemorrhage, and another with medically salvaged bronchospasm and intrabronchial edema. CONCLUSION: Recurrent patients with a history of previous thoracic external beam irradiation can be effectively palliated with high dose rate endobronchial reirradiation if the symptoms are directly related to the endobronchial tumor.
Adult ; Aged ; *Brachytherapy ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Female ; Humans ; Iridium/*therapeutic use ; Isotopes ; Lung Neoplasms/*radiotherapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/*radiotherapy ; *Palliative Care

Background: and Purpose Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a common cause of inflammation-related acute flaccid paralysis, and is characterized by acute onset, rapid progression, and symmetrical weakness. GBS is an emergency with high morbidity and long-term disability rates. It is important to determine the prognostic factors for GBS in order to improve the disease outcomes. This study aimed to identify the correlation between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on day 1 of hospitalization (D1) and motor deterioration in GBS patients. Methods: This observational analytical study applied a cross-sectional analysis to the medical records of GBS patients who were hospitalized at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya from January 2018 to March 2020. The analysis used the chi-square bivariate test, multivariate analysis with logistic regression, and correlation analysis with the Spearman test. Results: The study included 61 subjects. Statistical tests showed that there was no correlation between NLR and changes in the Medical Research Council sum scores (ΔMRC sum scores) during D1–D3, D1–D7, D1–D14, and D1 to the day of discharge (p>0.05). There was a significant correlation between NLR and the Erasmus GBS outcome score (EGOS) (p=0.006). NLR values differed significantly within each treatment group (p=0.001). Therefore, a subanalysis within each treatment group was conducted, which revealed a significant negative correlation (p<0.05) between NLR and the ΔMRC sum score during D1–D14 in the group treated without immunotherapy. Conclusions There was no correlation between NLR and motor deterioration in patients with GBS during hospitalization. However, NLR was significantly correlated with EGOS, and there was a negative correlation between NLR and motor deterioration during D1–D14 in GBS patients treated without immunotherapy.

A novel strain of coronavirus was first detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It is the causative agent of a respiratory disease known as the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). On 12th March 2020, it was declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. The aim of the study was to study the impact of MCO in terms of the academic performance and finance on the student population and to measure the level of knowledge, attitude and practice towards prevention of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) among a private university students in Malaysia. On 22nd April until 30th April 2020, a cross-sectional study using a convenient sampling method was conducted among 401 students using a self-administered online questionnaire survey. It was found that 272 (67.8%) of the respondents had a less negative impact of MCO while 129 (32.3%) of the respondent had a more negative impact of MCO. The findings show also 229 respondents (57.1%) have adequate knowledge. As for the attitude, about 237 respondents (59.1%) have an adequate attitude and only 191 respondents (47.6%) have adequate practice towards the prevention of COVID-19. There was a significant relationship between knowledge, attitude, and practice with family income, a significant relationship between knowledge and practice, a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude, a sig. relationship between knowledge, attitude, practice with university faculties, the relationship between knowledge and source of information. The MCO showed significant association with knowledge level and with practice, also MCO was less negatively impact on the medical faculty students with p-value 0.004. The MCO was more negatively impacting those with less family income. The study findings concluded that the majority of the participants had a fair level of knowledge, attitude, and a lesser level of good practice towards the prevention of COVID-19. However, the COVID-19 is still considered a global pandemic and has not resolved yet. Therefore, to minimize the risk of future COVID-19 cases current efforts to educate the public towards knowledge, attitude, and practice towards prevention of COVID-19 in public health should be done.

INTRODUCTIONThis study aimed to develop and validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess habitual diets of multi-ethnic Malaysian children aged 7-12 years.

METHODSA total of 236 primary school children participated in the development of the FFQ and 209 subjects participated in the validation study, with a subsample of 30 subjects participating in the reproducibility study. The FFQ, consisting of 94 food items from 12 food groups, was compared with a three-day dietary record (3DR) as the reference method. The reproducibility of the FFQ was assessed through repeat administration (FFQ2), seven days after the first administration (FFQ1).

RESULTSThe results of the validation study demonstrated good acceptance of the FFQ. Mean intake of macronutrients in FFQ1 and 3DR correlated well, although the FFQ intake data tended to be higher. Cross-classification of nutrient intake between the two methods showed that < 7% of subjects were grossly misclassified. Moderate correlations noted between the two methods ranged from r = 0.310 (p < 0.001) for fat to r = 0.497 (p < 0.001) for energy. The reproducibility of the FFQ, as assessed by Cronbach's alpha, ranged from 0.61 (protein) to 0.70 (energy, carbohydrates and fat). Spearman's correlations between FFQ1 and FFQ2 ranged from rho = 0.333 (p = 0.072) for protein to rho = 0.479 (p < 0.01) for fat.

CONCLUSIONThese findings indicate that the FFQ is valid and reliable for measuring the average intake of energy and macronutrients in a population of multi-ethnic children aged 7-12 years in Malaysia.

Child ; Diet ; Diet Records ; Energy Intake ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Food ; Humans ; Malaysia ; Male ; Reference Values ; Reproducibility of Results ; Schools ; Surveys and Questionnaires