To address several hospital network issues, this paper discusses the overall plan, design and renovation of hospital's Local Area Network, making full use of existing network facilities. The techniques, such as Physical Separation of Internal and External Network, HSRP, OSPF, All-Routers Networking Model, etc., create features of extensibility, manageability, high safety, stability and so on to the overall network, and provide a reliable network platform to the function of the information systems.
Health Facility Size ; Hospital Design and Construction ; Hospital Information Systems ; Local Area Networks

To propose the architectural layout for the big general hospital in the face of public health emergencies, we analyzed the conditions, methods, problems and countermeasures for the reconstruction of the isolation ward from the existing medical building layout of a general hospital. The affected areas met the requirements of isolation ward in the reconstruction, and realized the corresponding partition and separation of people. But the cost of occupying the medical room should be concerned. General hospital should be alerted to potential risks of public health emergencies. The characteristics of different construction types, defects, and the function of the hospital should be considered in the construction, rebuilding, and expansion of the hospital, which shouldnot only meet the needs of the development of the hospital daily usage but also consider dealing with emergent public health events. We can adopt the reasonable layout, including setting up a firewall-like device between the channel and the floor, an ordinary ward at ordinary times, and an independent space for emergency by pulling down the gate. This strategy can not only avoid the problem of low utilization rate of the space occupied by the corresponding area in the ward for diseases spread by air and droplets, maximizing the efficiency of the medical site, but also avoid the problem of emergency response to the temporary reconstruction.
Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Facility Design and Construction ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Public Health

This study aimed to suggest a 1300 scale of a middle school foodservice facility floor plan which was compliant to the principle of HACCP, as well as ensuring food and work safety, and the flow of personnel and food materials. which consisted of 46 nutrition teachers and 6 experts, responded with a questionnaire on the relationship of functional area and space. Using their opinions, key principles for the design of the facility were single direction movement of food materials, customers and workers; minimization of the cross-contamination through the separation of functional space; and securement of customer-focused efficiency; staff-centered convenience and efficiency; and work and food safety. After the completion of an adjacency diagram, bubble diagram and program statement, the functional areas of a 1300 scale middle school food-service facility were allocated as follows: 9.9 m2 for the receiving area, 56.1 m2 for the pre-preparation area, 10.5 m2 for the food storage area, 6.0 m2 for the supplies storage area, 97.8 m2 for the cooking area, 33.6 m2 for the service area, 52.5 m2 for dish washing area, cafeteria 410.5 m2, 4.5 m2 for the front room, for a total of 725.8 m2. Expert groups have pointed to limitations within this model as there are no windows in the office for the influx of fresh outside air and a need for the straight line installation of steam-jacket and frying kettles on the sides of windows. This study can be useful as the guidelines for estimating the investment cost of the facility and placing the placement of functional areas and equipment in the renovation of the facility. It can be also useful data for a methodology of foodservice facility design.
Cooking ; Equipment and Supplies ; Facility Design and Construction ; Floors and Floorcoverings ; Food Safety ; Food Storage ; Humans ; Investments ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo identify valid measures for preventing outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) among protected healthcare workers in isolation units.

METHODSArchitectural factors, admitted SARS cases and infection of healthcare workers in different isolation wards between January 30 and March 30, 2003 were analyzed.

RESULTSFour types of isolation wards were analyzed, including the ward where the thirty-first bed was located on the twelfth floor, the laminar flow ward in the Intensive Care Unit where the tenth bed was located on the fifteenth floor, the ward where the twenty-seventh bed was located on the thirteenth floor of the Lingnan Building, and thirty wards on the fourteenth to eighteenth floors of the Zhongshan Building. The ratios (m(2)/m(3)) of the area of the ventilation windows to the volume of the rooms were 0, 0, 1:95 and 1:40, respectively. Numbers of SARS cases in the wards mentioned above were 1, 1, 1 and 96, respectively. Total times of hospitalization were 43, 168, 110 and 1272 hours, respectively. The infection rates of the healthcare workers in the areas mentioned above were 73.2%, 32.1%, 27.5% and 1.7%, respectively. The difference in the infection rates was of statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONSIsolating SARS cases in wards with good ventilation could reduce the viral load of the ward and might be the key to preventing outbreaks of SARS among healthcare workers along with strict personal protection measures in isolation units.

Adult ; Disease Outbreaks ; prevention & control ; Facility Design and Construction ; Female ; Hospital Units ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional ; prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Isolation ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; prevention & control ; Ventilation

OBJECTIVETo study the main factors affecting sound-insulation effects of control rooms in workshops with noise, so as to improve the protection.

METHODSThe sound-insulation effects of 467 control rooms were determined, and different building materials, structures of door and window, airtight states etc. were analyzed.

RESULTSThe affecting factors contributed to the sound-insulation effects (Eta(2)) were in the order: airtight states (0.168), building materials (0.080), structures of window and door (0.030, 0.029), sound pressure levels and frequency spectrum's characteristics (0.008, 0.006). Under airtight state, the sound-insulation effects of different building materials of the rooms were as follows: double bricks [(19.6 +/- 3.5) dB(A)]; single brick [(15.4 +/- 3.4) dB(A)]; plank [(13.1 +/- 1.6) dB(A)] or aluminum alloy plate with glass [(13.4 +/- 2.5) dB(A)] (P < 0.01). Of 4 group rooms, with the same structure of doors but double or single bricks of windows. 3 groups with dormant window had higher sound-insulation effects [(15.9 +/- 2.8), (18.7 +/- 3.6), (19.3 +/- 2.5) dB(A)] than those with casement window [(14.1 +/- 2.4), (14.9 +/- 2.3), (16.5 +/- 2.4) dB(A)] (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05); 2 groups with dehydrated window [(18.7 +/- 3.3), (22.6 +/- 3.8) dB(A)] higher than those with dormant window [(15.9 +/- 2.8), (19.9 +/- 3.0) dB(A)] (P < 0.05). Of 6 group rooms, with the same structure of windows but double or single bricks of doors, only in 1 group with double-layer door had higher sound-insulation effect [(18.7 +/- 3.6) dB(A)] than that with single-layer door [(15.9 +/- 2.8) dB(A)] (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe control room should be designed rationally, kept airtight, according to the sound pressure levels and the condition of the workshop.

Environment Design ; standards ; Facility Design and Construction ; standards ; Noise, Occupational ; prevention & control ; Risk Factors ; Sound ; Workplace

Accidents, Occupational ; prevention & control ; Carbon Dioxide ; poisoning ; Facility Design and Construction ; Humans

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of public health facilities rebuilding on the hypertension control in the rural area. METHOD: 6 health centers and 59 health subcenters in some Chung-chung province was surveyed. And 29,503 patients were finally selected who had records of prescription about hypertension at list once in those health facilities from July 1th, 2005 to June 30th, 2006. Demographic variable of patients and whether medical doctor was a medical specialist or not, and whether the facilities were recently rebuilded or not was measured. RESULTS: The Overall control rate was 53.9%. Women had higher hypertension control rate than men. And 60s and 70s years old are had higher hypertension control rate than 40s and 80s years old. Patients who had been treated from medical specialist had higher hypertension control rate than general doctor. And patient who treated in rebuilded public health facilities had higher hypertension control rate. CONCLUSIONS: Rebuilding of public health facilities were related to increasing control rate of hypertensive patients.
Facility Design and Construction ; Female ; Health Facilities ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Prescriptions ; Public Health ; Rural Health Services ; Specialization

Naval Medicine Hyperbaric Centre (NMHC) was approached by the Land Transport Authority (LTA) to provide medical support for the North Eastern Line MRT Project. The medical support provided by NMHC focused on providing training, audits and ensuring that safety and health infrastructure were in place even before the commencement of compressed air tunnelling. The extensive use of the EPBM (Earth Pressure Balance Machine) tunnelling machines for the first time in Singapore necessitated a reassessment of the medical support system and paradigm that was based primarily on the older form of tunnelling. The survey results showed that human exposure to compressed air works with the use of EPBM was minimal and no decompression illness was reported. However, there was still a total of 28 cases of barotrauma that were reported which were mainly from the tunnels dug using the open face compressed air tunnelling method. As such, medical providers should still exercise careful planning for the medical support of compressed air works.
Atmospheric Pressure ; Decompression ; methods ; Decompression Sickness ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Facility Design and Construction ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; methods ; Male ; Naval Medicine ; methods ; Singapore

Adolescent ; Adult ; Eye Injuries ; epidemiology ; etiology ; therapy ; Facility Design and Construction ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Facility Design and Construction ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; prevention & control ; Occupational Exposure ; analysis ; prevention & control ; Quality Control