Encephalocele ; Facial Bones ; Humans ; Meningocele ; Temporal Bone/diagnostic imaging*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the change of skeleton structure and masseter after mandibular angle osteotomy and its clinical significance in preoperative design.

METHODS3-dimensional CT cephalometry was performed before and after surgery in 18 cases of prominent mandibular angle.

RESULTSPre- and post-operative data were compared. Significant differences between the pre- and post-operative data were found in the mandibular angle, the distance between mandibular angle, length of ramus, ectropion angle of mandibular angle, triangle Go-Me-Go, the thickness, width and length of masseter.

CONCLUSIONSIt indicates the skeleton structure is changed and some kind of atrophy happens in the masseter after operation. So we suggest partial resection of masseter should be unnecessary for mandibular angle osteotomy.

Cephalometry ; methods ; Facial Bones ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Mandible ; diagnostic imaging ; Masseter Muscle ; diagnostic imaging ; Osteotomy ; Skull ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the quantitative analysis based on three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) in contouring surgery of complex craniofacial fibrous dysplasia (FD).

METHODS14 patients with craniofacial FD underwent 3D-CT scan. Axial images of patients with craniofacial FD were reconstructed into 3D model by using Mimics 10.0. Anatomical landmarks were located and the coordinate of the landmarks obtained. The differences between the right landmarks and the left were calculated and analyzed. Quantitative contouring surgery was performed based on the quantitative analysis result.

RESULTSWith the detail data from the 3D-CT analysis, the surgery of contouring was more safe and accurate with less operation time, less bleeding and good results.

CONCLUSIONSThe method of 3D CT quantitative analysis can provide precise information in the diagnosis and treatment planning of craniofacial deformity. Based on the result of 3D-CT quantitative analysis, the operations can be performed more accurately and safely with good symmetric consequence.

Aged ; Craniofacial Abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Facial Bones ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the coding of full dentition with 32 locations and measure the characteristics of some bony indexes in occlusal-facial digital radiology (DR). METHODS: To select randomly three hundred DR orthopantomogram and code the full dentition, then analyze the diversity of dental patterns. To select randomly one hundred DR lateral cephalogram and measure six indexes (N-S,N-Me,Cd-Gn,Cd-Go,NP-SN,MP-SN) separately by one odontologist and one trained forensic graduate student, then calculate the coefficient variation (CV) of every index and take a correlation analysis for the consistency between two measurements. RESULTS: (1) The total diversity of 300 dental patterns was 75%.It was a very high value. (2)All six quantitative variables had comparatively high CV value.(3) After the linear correlation analysis between two measurements, all six coefficient correlations were close to 1. This indicated that the measurements were stable and consistent. CONCLUSION The method of coding full dentition in DR orthopantomogram and measuring six bony indexes in DR lateral cephalogram can be used to forensic identification.
Cephalometry/methods* ; Facial Bones/diagnostic imaging* ; Female ; Forensic Dentistry ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Jaw/diagnostic imaging* ; Male ; Radiography, Dental, Digital/methods* ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Tooth/diagnostic imaging*

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to compare the difference of craniofacial morphology between oral and nasal breathing children, and discover the relationship between respiratory mode and craniofacial morphology.

METHODSUsing the system for the simultaneous measurement of oral and nasal respiration, 34 oral breathing children and 34 nasal breathing children aged from 11 to 14 years were selected.

RESULTSCompared with the nasal-breathing children, the oral-breathing children showed apparently vertical growth pattern. The mandibuler plane Angle of oral breathing children is 39.3, which is significant greater than that of nasal breathing children (P < 0.01). The jans, the oral-breathing children had shorter mandibular body, larger gonion angle, retrusive chin and face (P < 0.05). On the other hand, in the sagittal direction, the oral breathing children may display all kinds of skeletal facial types. There is no significant difference between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSOral breathing is one of the factors related to the vertical over-development.

Adolescent ; Child ; Craniofacial Abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Facial Bones ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; diagnostic imaging ; Mouth Breathing ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Nose ; Radiography ; Respiration ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Skull ; diagnostic imaging ; Statistics as Topic

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the 3-D position changes of periorbital structures after midface distraction osteogenesis in patients with Crouzon syndrome.

METHODSThe CT data of 8 cases who had accepted the midface distraction osteogenesis following Le Fort III osteotomy were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were averagely 11.9 years old, and the CT was performed before and one year after operation. After 3-D image reconstruction, a right-hand coordinate system based on the preoperational Frankfurt Plane was then established. The pre- and post-operative positions of the superior orbit point (SOr), inferior orbit point (IOr), median orbit point (MOr), lateral orbit point (LOr), anterior ocularis point (AO), ocularis eyeball point (PO) and the four insertion ocularis rectus were documented and compared. The positions of these marked points in normal controls were also documented and compared with those in patients.

RESULTSAfter midface distraction osteogenesis, the position of AO was not changed significantly on the y-axis and z-axis, but the distance between two AO points on x-axis was reduced by 3.40 mm; IOr moved averagely 12.24 mm on y-axis and 4.25 mm on z-axis, MOr moved averagely 10.11 mm on y-axis and 2.80 mm on z-axis, LOr moved averagely 9.86 mm on y-axis and 2.31 mm on z-axis. The Inferior Rectus attachment moved averagely 3.63 mm on y-axis and 2.98 mm on z-axis. No other significant change was observed on other marked points.

CONCLUSIONSMidface distraction osteogenesis following Le Fort III osteotomy can significantly move the medial, lateral and inferior peri-orbital bone structure anteriorly and inferiorly. The eyeballs have no markedly sagittal position changes after distraction except slight medial, downwards movements and anterior-upwards rotations.

Adolescent ; Child ; Facial Bones ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Orbit ; diagnostic imaging ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; methods ; Osteotomy, Le Fort ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is mainly a soft tissue sarcoma containing fibroblast-like cells and histiocytic cells. MFH in bone accounts for 5% of all malignant bone tumors. MFH of the maxilla is extremely rare and difficult to diagnose due to its scarcity. Treatment mainstay is a complete surgical excision. Radiation therapy is also available when surgery alone is incomplete. Prognosis is not clear but can be devastating. Authors report one case of MFH developed in the maxilla. METHODS: A 24-year-old man firstly diagnosed as fibrous dysplasia based on CT findings. Considering facial contour, partial excision was done. But pathology report confirmed malignant fibrous histiocytoma and secondary wide excision was done including zygoma and grossly all affected area. After surgery, radiation therapy was continued. RESULTS: There are no evidence of tumor recurrence after clinical and radiological treatment. CONCLUSION: MFH of maxilla is very rare and this can leads to misdiagnosis in many clinicians. Surgeon should differentiate this disease from fibrous dysplasia and pathology and MRI are accurate methods for diagnosis of MFH.
Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Facial Bones ; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Maxilla* ; Pathology ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Sarcoma ; Young Adult ; Zygoma

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of clinical application of multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and volume rendering (VR) with 64-slice spiral CT in the complex midfacial fracture. METHOD: Forty-six patients with the complex midfacial fracture were examined with 64-slice spiral CT, then MPR and VR were performed in work station. RESULT: Of 46 patients, there are 366 fractures. MPR imaging clearly showed all (the rate were 100%). VR imaging could show all zygomatic fracture and mandibular fracture (the rate were 100%), but the showed rate were 94.3% in maxillary fracture, 93.2%. in orbital fractures, 13.0% in ethmoid fractures, 55.6% in sphenoid bone fracture,the mean rate were 86.3%. VR imaging could show the fracture location, range, fragment displacement from different direction by rotating picture and demonstrate the course of fracture line and deformities caused by fracture. CONCLUSION MPR imaging combination with VR imaging has important clinical value in diagnosing the complex midfacial fracture. 64 slice CT may improve displaying tiny and deep fracture.
Adult ; Facial Bones ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skull Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo identify the morphological characteristics of craniofacial structure in patients with skeletal class III malocclusions.

METHODSThe study samples consisted of 63 lateral cephalometric radiographs of adult with class I malocclusion (32 male and 31 female, ages >17 years) and 27 patients with skeletal class III malocclusion (14 male and 13 female, ages >17 years, ANB >-3). The proportion of posterior cranial base and the mandibular length were measured.

RESULTThere was an increase in total mandibular length (Go-Gn, Cd-Gn) in female patients with class III malocclusion. There was a decrease in the posterior cranial base length (S-Ar) and an increase in mandibular length (Go-Gn) in male patients with class III malocclusion.

CONCLUSIONThe major craniofacial characteristics of skeletal class III malocclusion compared with those of class I malocclusion are smaller posterior cranial base in males and larger mandibular length in both sexes.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cephalometry ; Facial Bones ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion, Angle Class I ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Radiography ; Skull ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology

This review highlights the recent advances in X-ray microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT) applied in dental research. It summarizes Micro-CT applications in measurement of enamel thickness, root canal morphology, evaluation of root canal preparation, craniofacial skeletal structure, micro finite element modeling, dental tissue engineering, mineral density of dental hard tissues and about dental implants. Details of studies in each of these areas are highlighted along with the advantages of Micro-CT, and finally a summary of the future applications of Micro-CT in dental research is given.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Dental Enamel ; diagnostic imaging ; Dental Implants ; Dental Materials ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; diagnostic imaging ; Dental Research ; Facial Bones ; diagnostic imaging ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Maxillofacial Development ; Minerals ; analysis ; Root Canal Preparation ; Tissue Engineering ; X-Ray Microtomography ; methods