78 patients with Port wine stains (PWS) were treated by surgical method. The result showed that surgery is useful and effective. However, surgical scars are common and the skin grafts have more dark color than surrounding (if the skin grafts were required). So it must be very carefully in making a decision for surgery and choose a suitable method for each patient. The surgery is attempted to close local skin. And in case of the skin graft is required, it is better to take a full thickness skin graft in areas near to the face and neck.
Port-Wine Stain ; Face ; Neck ; surgery ; therapeutics

Face ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Myocutaneous Flap

Face ; surgery ; Humans ; Mouth ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies

Choristoma/surgery* ; Ear Diseases/surgery* ; Eustachian Tube ; Face ; Humans

Face/surgery* ; Humans ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Surgery, Plastic

Facial reconstruction is a way to recover facial morphology by restoring soft tissues based on unidentified skulls using the knowledge of anatomy, anthropology, aesthetics, and computer science. It is applied in forensic science, oral plastic surgery and archeology, and especially plays an important role in the identification of the origin of the unknown corpses in forensic science. Facial reconstruction is the supplementary means of identification when other approaches （such as DNA comparison, imaging matching, dental records comparison, etc.） cannot identify individual identity. Facial soft tissue thickness （FSTT） is the basis of facial reconstruction and with the development of imaging and computer science, the techniques for measuring FSTT are improving rapidly and many related researches have appeared. This paper summarizes the application of facial reconstruction in forensic science, the accuracy of different methods and the research progress of this field to provide reference to this field.
Face/surgery* ; Forensic Anthropology ; Forensic Sciences ; Research ; Skull/surgery*

Cervicoplasty ; methods ; Face ; surgery ; Humans ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures

Face ; surgery ; Hand Transplantation ; Humans ; Organ Transplantation ; Transplantation, Homologous

Adolescent ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Face ; surgery ; Facial Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; surgery ; Humans ; Nose ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical significance of intact canal wall mastoidectomy combined with facial recess opening in the treatment of secretory otitis media of children.

METHODSThe clinical data of 17 children (19 ears) with recurrent secretory otitis media yet failed tube insertion more than 3 times, and treated with intact canal wall mastoidectomy combined with facial recess opening, in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of SUN Yat-sen University, were reviewed. And because of the eustachian tube dysfunction, 7 ears simultaneously accepted tube insertion, which were removed after 1 to 3 months.

RESULTSPathological examination of the lesions in middle ear and mastoid of the 19 ears, revealed cholesterol granuloma in 9 ears and inflammatory granulation in 10 ears. All 19 ears recovered with normal tympanic membranes. There were 16 ears with type A tympanogram and 3 ears with type C tympanogram (negative pressure less than 150 mm H₂O). The air-bone gaps were less than 15 dB in 3 months after surgery. There was no recurrence in all cases after 2 - 3 years follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSIn case of recurrent otitis media in children, especially when tube insertion is ineffective, intact canal wall mastoidectomy combined with facial recess opening can be adopted to clear the lesions thoroughly, and to establish long-time and effective ventilation of eustachian tube, tympanic cavity, tympanic antrum, and mastoid.

Adolescent ; Child ; Face ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mastoid ; surgery ; Otitis Media with Effusion ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies