Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo understand the changing trend of occupational hazard of industries in Shunde area and to provide the scientific evidence for the prevention of occupational diseases.

METHODSThe pre-evaluation of occupational hazard was carried out for the construction projects. The data about employee number scale, industry species, occupational hazard factors, hazard levels and prevention measures for construction projects were collected and analyzed. The data of Shunde Occupational Health Survey in 2011 served as the control data.

RESULTSThere were 258 construction projects in 2010 and 2011, in which the proportions of medium and large scales increased to 8.1% and 2.4% respectively, the proportions of the furniture and chemical industries decreased from 25.6% or/and 5.1% to 2.7% or/and 1.8%, the proportions of the high-tech industries increased from 1.8% to 9.2%. The proportions of the projects with serious, medium and slight occupational hazard levels were 4.3%, 67.8% and 27.9%, respectively. The proportions of the projects with harmful chemicals, dusts and physical factors were 34.2%, 46.8%, 42.6%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe feature of occupational hazard in Shunde industries has changed at upgrading stage. We should pay attention to the prevention of occupational diseases in high-tech industries.

Construction Industry ; Occupational Diseases ; prevention & control ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the rapid development of medical and tissue engineering has provided more choices for making nerve conduit preparation. OBJECTIVE: To review the application of nerve conduits in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. METHODS: The first author retrieved the CNKI and PubMed databases to search relevant articles published from 2010 to 2016. The key words were "nerve conduit, peripheral nerve" in Chinese and English, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The nerve conduit materials are mainly classified into biotype and non-biotype. Biotype materials mainly include muscle, amniotic membrane, vein and small intestinal submucosal layer. The non-biotype materials include chitosan, collagen, silk fibroin, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polyaniline and silicone tubes. Some materials currently have been approved to enter the clinical stage. There are more or less problems in the clinical application of nerve conduits in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. For example, the length of a defect that can be repaired is limited; the mechanical properties and mechanical properties are not exactly matched with nerve regeneration; the degradation rate is inconsistent with the rate of nerve regeneration; and poor biocompatibility exists.

Background The treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) remains a challenge for most urologic surgeons. We studied a cumulative cohort of patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who underwent photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) and evaluated the efficacy and safety of this procedure.Methods A total of 196 patients with lower urinary tract obstruction symptoms secondary to BPH were treated using laser vaporization of the prostate under sacral canal anesthesia at our institutions. The therapeutic results were assessed using following variables: the safety and efficacy of sacral anesthesia, blood loss, operative time, indwelling catheterization. Preoperative and perioperative parameters were evaluated in the international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life score (QoL), maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax), post-void residual urine volume (PVR) and the change of sexual function. Patients were also assessed for 3-month follow up. Results PVP was performed successfully for all patients. There were 195 patients under sacral anesthesia and 1 patient under epidural anesthesia. Mean operative time was (45.2±18.5) minutes. The mean IPSS decreased from (26.6±3.2) to (5.6±1.4) and the QoL score decreased from (5.7±0.4) to (1.6±0.5), respectively (P<0.05), while mean Qmax increased from (6.7±2.5) ml/s preoperatively to (19.6±2.4) ml/s, PVR decreased from 158.4 to 25.8 ml, respectively (P<0.05). Average catheterization time was (1.8±0.9) days. There was no significant blood loss or fluid absorption during the period of PVP. Complications consisted of transient dysuria in 3 patients (1.5%), delayed gross hematuria in 5 patients (2.5%), respectively. Significant improvement in clinical outcomes were noted as early as 3 months after PVP treatment.Conclusions PVP is considered as a high satisfaction rate by patient and a minimal postoperative complication. Hence, PVP is a novel, safe, effective and minimal invasive treatment for patients with symptomatic BPH.

Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury is the leading cause of delayed recovery of liver function and dysfunction after operation.Some studies have shown that PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is activated during ischemia and reperfusion,which plays a protective role on the liver by inhibiting or enhancing the expressions of downstream target proteins.Therefore,PI3K/ Akt signaling has become an important target pathway for preventing and improving hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.This review summarized the research progresses of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.

BACKGROUNDEfficient cell adhesion and proliferation is a central issue in cell-based tissue engineering, which offers great promise for repair of urethral defects or strictures. This study evaluated the adhesion and growth of rabbit uroepithelium on a surface-modified three-dimensional poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) scaffold.

METHODSUrethral mucosa were harvested from male New Zealand rabbits and the urothelium were dissociated and then cultured. Immunocytochemistry on cultured uroepithelium for pancytokeratin and uroplakin II and TE-7 confirmed pure populations. After in vitro proliferation, cells were seeded onto a surface-modified urethral scaffold with non-knitted filaments. The morphology and viability of the cells were examined by immunohistochemical and fluorescence staining. Inverted and scanning microscopes were used to document cell growth and adhesion.

RESULTSThree to five days after primary culture, the uroepithelial cells gradually became confluent, assuming a cobblestone pattern. The filaments of the urethral scaffold had excellent biocompatibility and allowed growth of the uroepithelium, without affecting viability. The uroepithelial cells adhered to and grew well on the scaffold. After 3 - 7 days, the cells grew vigorously and meshes of the scaffold were full of uroepitheliums.

CONCLUSIONSThe surface-modified urethral scaffold with non-knitted filaments allows the growth of uroepithelium and can serve as a carrier for the tissue engineering of urethra.

Absorbable Implants ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells ; physiology ; Lactic Acid ; Male ; Polyesters ; Polymers ; Rabbits ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Urethra ; cytology

Background Efficient cell adhesion and proliferation is a central issue in cell-based tissue engineering, which offers great promise for repair of urethral defects or strictures. This study evaluated the adhesion and growth of rabbit uroepithelium on a surface-modified three-dimensional poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) scaffold.Methods Urethral mucosa were harvested from male New Zealand rabbits and the urothelium were dissociated and then cultured. Immunocytochemistry on cultured uroepithelium for pancytokeratin and uroplakin Ⅱ and TE-7 confirmed pure populations. After in vitro proliferation, cells were seeded onto a surface-modified urethral scaffold with non-knitted filaments. The morphology and viability of the cells were examined by immunohistochemical and fluorescence staining.Inverted and scanning microscopes were used to document cell growth and adhesion.Results Three to five days after primary culture, the uroepithelial cells gradually became confluent, assuming a cobblestone pattern. The filaments of the urethral scaffold had excellent biocompatibility and allowed growth of the uroepithelium, without affecting viability. The uroepithelial cells adhered to and grew well on the scaffold. After 3-7 days,the cells grew vigorously and meshes of the scaffold were full of uroepitheliums.Conclusions The surface-modified urethral scaffold with non-knitted filaments allows the growth of uroepithelium and can serve as a carrier for the tissue engineering of urethra.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the possibility of crosstalk between phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt pathway and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) pathway in cardiomyocyte with challenge of burn serum, and to explore their influence on cardiomyocyte injury after burn.

METHODSThe model of murine cardiomyocyte with stimulation of burn serum was established. (1) The level of Akt and p38 phosphorylation in cardiomyocyte were examined with stimulation of 10% burn serum before stimulation and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hour after stimulation. (2) The levels of Akt and p38 phosphorylation in cardiomyocyte were determined with stimulation of burn serum (at concentration of 5%, 10%, 20%) or 10% burn serum plus insulin (at concentration of 1 x 10(-8), 1 x 10(-7), 1 x 10(-6)mol/L). The content of creatine kinase (CK) in supernate was also detected. (3) Addition to the inhibitor of p38 MAPK pathway (SB203580) and PI3K/Akt pathway (LY294002), the level of p38MAPK, PI3K/Akt and the content of CK in supernate were determined.

RESULTS(1) The level of p-p38 in cardiomyocyte was 4.0 +/- 0.8, 3.6 +/- 0.8, 5.1 +/- 1.6, 2.4 +/- 0.5, 3.0 +/- 0.6 at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hour (s) after stimulation of burn serum, which was obviously higher than that immediate after stimulation (1.0, P < 0.01). The level of p-Akt was 0.15 +/- 0.07, 0.64 +/- 0.10, 0.26 +/- 0.08, 0.38 +/- 0.11, 0.59 +/- 0.13, which was obviously lower than that before stimulation (1.00, P < 0.01). (2) With stimulation of different concentration of burn serum or burn serum plus insulin, the level of p-Akt and p-p38 changed in the opposite directions comparatively. The content of CK increased along with increase of burn serum concentration, but decreased obviously with treatment of insulin (P < 0.05 or 0.01). (3) Low level of p38 induced by burn serum was increased after treatment of LY294002, which neutralized the protection of insulin (P < 0.01). Low level of p-Akt induced by burn serum increased after treatment of SB203580 (P < 0.01), which inhibited the release of CK induced by burn serum.

CONCLUSIONThere is being crosstalk between PI3K/Akt pathway and p38 MAPK pathway in cardiomyocytes with challenge of burn serum, which may regulate cardiomyocytes.

Animals ; Burns ; blood ; Male ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serum ; Signal Transduction ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the anti-apoptosis effect of intensive insulin treatment on cardiac myocytes and its underlying mechanism in severe scald rats.

METHODSTwelve SD rats were suffered from 30% TBSA full thickness scald, and they were divided into: IT group [with intravenous injection of isotonic saline including insulin (15 mU x kg(-1) x min(-1)) and 100 g/L glucose], B group [with treatment of isotonic saline (2 mL x kg(-1) x %TBSA(-1) x 8 h(-1)]. Six SD rats received sham burn as controls[sham(S)group, with treatment of fluid at physiologic dose]. + dp/ dtmax (the rate of the rise of left ventricular pressure) and -dp/ dtmax (the rate of the fall of left ventricular pressure)at 6 post burn hour (PBH)were recorded. Apoptosis were determined by TUNEL staining and DNA ladder. The phosphorylation f Akt and protein expression of Bcl-2 in cardiomyocyte were assayed by Western blotting.

RESULTSThe + dp/ dtmax in the S group, IT group and B group at6 PBH were respectively (5.5 +/- 0.5) x 10(3) mm Hg/s, (3.4 +/- 0.4) x 10(3 mm Hg/s and (2.5 +/- 0.5) x 10(3) mm Hg/s (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa), the - dp/ dtmax were respectively (4.55 +/- 0.34) x 10(3) mmHg/s, (2.94 +/- 0.22) x 10(3) mm Hg/s and (2.05 +/- 0.19) x 10(3) mmHg/s.The +/- dp/dtmax in IT group was significantly higher than those in B group( P < 0.01). The apoptosis index in B group was (13.1 +/- 3.4)%, which was obviously higher than that in IT group (6.7 +/- 1.8)% and S group (0.6 +/- 0.4)% (P < 0.01). DNA ladder showed that no DNA fragmentation in S group, but obvious DNA fragmentation forming ladder pattern in B group, and no obvious ladder pattern in IT group. The phosphorylation of Akt and level of Bcl-2 protein in B group were markedly higher than those in IT group ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONIntensive insulin treatment can upregulate the activity of Akt and enhance the expression of Bcl-2, and they might constitute the mechanisms for anti-apoptosis in cardiomyocyte and protection of cardiac function.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Burns ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Insulin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Male ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo study the protective effect of intensive insulin treatment on the myocardium of severely scalded rats, and to primarily explore its mechanism.

METHODSEighteen SD rats were divided into three groups, with 6 rats in each group. The rats in burn and intensive insulin group were inflicted with 30% TBSA full-thickness injury on the back. Isotonic saline containing 0.12 U/ml insulin solution, and 100 g/L glucose solution were infused into the rats in the intensive insulin group to keep plasma glucose at the level of 4.0 - 6.6 mmol/L (the total fluid amount was 2 ml x kg(-1) x 8h(-1)). In sham burn group,fluid was given according to physiological demand. The same amount of isotonic saline was infused into the rats in burn group. The venous blood was obtained for the detection of plasma glucose contents, and the left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were recorded via aortic ventricle cannula before scald and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 post-scald hours (PSH). The tissue of the left ventricle was harvested at 6 PSH for the detection of troponin T expression in myocardiocytes.

RESULTSPlasma glucose level was increased to (7.6 +/- 1.7) mmol/L - (8.4 +/- 4.7) mmol/L in burn group during 1-6 PSH, which was significantly higher than that in intensive insulin group (4.5 +/- 0.9) mmol/L - (5.2 +/- 1.3) mmol/L, P < 0.01). Compared with the intensive insulin group, LVSP was markedly decreased in the burn group (60 +/- 11 mm Hg vs 72 +/- 8 mm Hg, P < 0.05) at 1 PSH,whereas LVEDP was increased significantly (21.3 +/- 11.3 mmHg vs 11.7 +/- 5.2 mmHg, P < 0.05). Intensive insulin treatment could significantly inhibit the loss of troponin T protein in myofilaments of myocardium.

CONCLUSIONIntensive insulin treatment possesses a protective effect on myocardia function after severe burns, and it may be related to its preventive effect on the loss of contractile protein in cardiocytes.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Burns ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Insulin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Troponin T ; metabolism