OBJECTIVE: To investigate the advantages and disadvantages of sulfuring to Codonopsis Radix in its process of storage. METHODS: Sulfur dioxide residual amount was determined by distillation. The character was observed referring to Ch.P. The content of polysaccharide was measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The contents of lobetyolin and rhizome atractylodis inner fat III were measured by high performance liquid chromatography, and fingerprints were established. RESULTS: Under the natural storage conditions, the contents of effective components decreased with the extension of storage time. After being stored for 30 m, the Codonopsis Radix samples without sulfuring treatment had darkened color and were damaged by worms seriously, the contents of polysaccharide, lobetyolin, and rhizome atractylodis inner fat III reduced by more than half, and yellow aspergillus toxin were detected; however, few sulfured samples were damaged by worms and the magnitude of content decrease of the three compounds was significantly smaller than that of the non-sulfured ones. CONCLUSION: Storage time is negatively correlated with the medicinal quality of Codonopsis Radix and proper sulfuring can slow the rate of quality deteriorating of Codonopsis Radix.

Abstract: Objective To understand the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria of bloodstream infection in Fujian Province, and to provide reference for clinical rational drug use. Methods Bacteria identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test were carried out on the isolated strains of blood culture samples in 31 medical institutions in Fujian Province according to the unified plan. The data were statistically analyzed by WHONET 5.6 software according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) drug sensitivity executive standard in 2021. Results After removing the duplicate strains, 10 356 strains of bacteria were collected, including 3 668 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (35.4%) and 6 688 strains of Gram-negative bacteria (64.6%). The top 5 bacteria are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, the detection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 24.5%, and the detection rate of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus (MRCNS) was 76.8%. Vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid resistant staphylococci were not found. The detection rate of penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae was 3.2%. Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were 0.8% and 1.1% respectively. The resistance rate of Escherichia coli to carbapenems was 0.8%, and the resistance rate to levofloxacin was 41.9%; the resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae to carbapenems was 15.0%. The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to carbapenems was 45.1%; the detection rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was only 14.2%, and it maintained a high sensitivity to most drugs. Conclusions Most bloodstream infections in Fujian Province are caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus. The drug resistance of some strains is not optimistic, so we should continue to strengthen the clinical application management of antibiotics and use them correctly and reasonably. Keywords: Bloodstream infection; bacteria; antibiotics; drug resistance monitoring

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the qualities of Ophiopogonis Radix from four main producing areas in China to provide scientific basis for its quality control and clinical use. METHODS: The characteristics of the samples was compared according to the description in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The contents of heavy metals, harmful elements and residual sulfur dioxide were measured by the methods recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The contents of residual paclobutrazol and polysaccharide were respectively determined by GC and UV. The contents of ophiopogonin D, methylophiopogonanone A, and methylophiopogonanone B were measured by HPLC. RESULTS: Differences in the characteristics of the samples from the four producing areas were shown in the length, color, and smell.Ophiopogonis Radix from Hubei and Shandong was longer than those from Sichuan and Zhejiang.The color and smell of the samples from Zhejiang were darker and stronger than the samples from the other three provinces.The contents of heavy metal and harmful elements of all the samples were all less than the limit standards.Sulfur dioxide existed in the samples from Sichuan and Hubei.Paclobutrazol existed in the Sichuan samples.The differences in the contents of ophiopogonin D,methylophiopogonanone A, and methylo-phiopogonanone B in the samples from the four producing areas were significant.Ophiopogonin D could be detected in all the samples, but its content in the Zhejiang samples was lower. Methylophiopogonanone A and methylophiopogonanone B could be detected only in the samples from Sichuan and Zhejiang, and the contents in the Zhejiang samples were the highest.The fingerprint characteristics of the four samples was obvious.The number of effective component peaks of Sichuan sample was the greatest (7 peaks).Zhejiang samples took the second place(6 peaks).The samples from Hubei and Shandong both had 4 peaks.CONCLUSION: There is prominent difference in the qualities of Ophiopogonis Radix samples from different producing areas.Individualized quality control standards should be established.

OBJECTIVE: To provide a theoretical basis for scientific and rational use of paclobutrazol in the production of Ophiopogonis Radix. METHODS: Different concentrations of paclobutrazol were applied to Ophiopogonis Radix plants, and medicinal samples were colleted. The efficacy of Ophiopogonis Radix were comprehensively analyzed from the appearance of the herb and the contents of three kinds of effective components: flavonoids, saponins, and polysaccharides. Residues of paclobutrazol were detected. The effect of paclobutrazol use on the safety of Ophiopogonis Radix was evaluated according to the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of paclobutrazol in the GB2763-2014 and the amount of usage of paclobutrazol required by Chinese Pharmacopoeia. RESULTS: Paclobutrazol had no significant effects on the Ophiopogonis Radix appearance; and the contents of polysaccharides and flavonoid were increased in varying degrees, and saponins content were decreased. The daily intake of paclobutrazol was far less than the ADI (0.1 mg·kg-1 × body weight) when calculated using the maximum residue of paclobutrazol at the usage of 3 kg·acres-1 and the maximum usage amount of Ophiopogonis Radix in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. CONCLUSION: Paclobutrazol can be used within limits according to the actual situation in Ophiopogonis Radix production.

Humans ; Periodontal Diseases ; therapy ; Tissue Engineering

Adult ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Flaps

This research is to establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of ophiopogonin D, ophiopogonin D', ophiopogonin C, deacetylophiopojaponin A and ophiogenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnosyl-(1-->2)-β-D-glucoside in Ophiopogonis Radix. HPLC-ELSD analysis was performed on a Kromasil 100-5 C₁₈ column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 µm), with the mobile phase of acetonitrile (A) -water (B) in gradient elution mode (0-45 min, 35%-55% A), at a flow rate of 1 mL · min⁻¹. The column temperature was 35 °C and the drift tube temperature was 100 °C in a gas flow rate of 3.0 L · min⁻¹. The result showed that baseline of all the 5 constituents was well separated, and every constituent had wide linearity range and good linear relation (r > 0.999). The recovery rate was between 95.75% and 103.1%. The new established method for simultaneous determination of saponin constituents in Ophiopogonis Radix was sensitive and has good, repeatability. It could be applied to quality evaluation of Ophiopogonis Radix.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Ophiopogon ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Objective: To explore the effect of different treatment on Codonopsis pilosula seed germination and seedling growth, and then find out the best treatment method. Methods: C. pilosula was pretreated by different methods, culture was carried out by thermostatic cultivation, and C. pilosula seed germination and seedling growth (30 d) were observed, then the data were analyzed with statistic. Results: Temperature and soil moisture had the significant impact on C. pilosula seed germination and seedling growth, the optimum temperature was 20-30℃, optimum humidity was 45%-75%. C. pilosula seed germination and seedling growth could be effectively promoted by potash treatment, chemicals at suitable concentration, and growth regulators. However, the growth regulators could change the seedling morphological characteristics, C. pilosula seed germination and seedling growth fast with potash treatment, plant was normal and has less disease. Conclusion: Potash treatment is beneficial to seed germination and seedling growth, so as to effectively improve the seedlings yield and quality. Potash treatment could be widely used in C. pilosula field seedling production.

Antiviral Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; complications ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Mental Disorders ; complications ; Middle Aged

Abstract: Objective To analyze the occupational hazards of enterprises in Pingshan district of Shenzhen in 2017. Methods Occupational hazards were analyzed in 200 enterprises in Pingshan district of Shenzhen City selected using stratified Results random sampling method. A total of 24 industries were involved in the 200 enterprises. The declaration rate of ， occupational hazards was 91.5% and the exposure rate of occupational hazards among workers was 49.2%. The regular monitoring rate of occupational hazard factors in workplaces of the enterprises was 79.5%. There were 129 kinds of occupational ， ， hazard factors of which 19 factors exceeded the national occupational exposure limit accounting for 14.7%. The over standard ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， rates of noise silica dust cotton dust methanol toluene and other dust were 28.7% 13.6% 11.8% 5.86% 0.5% and ， ， 0.4% respectively. There were 13 kinds of occupational hazard factors in the workplace of metal products industry all of which （ ） exceeded the occupational exposure limit. The exposure rate 56.7% of occupational hazard factors in workers was the highest. Conclusion ， ， The main occupational hazard factors were noise dust and chemical factor and the major occupational hazard industry was metal manufacturing in Pingshan district of Shenzhen City.