Objective To evaluate the clinical features,pathological grades,treatment and prognosis in bladder cancer patients under 40 years.Methods A retrospective review of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in patients under 40 years who had been treated from January 1994 to April 2005 were conduc- ted.The patients were divided into 2 groups(group A,20-30 years;group B,31-40 years)based on their age.The differences in pathologic grading,recurrence rate and positive rate of urine cytology were compared between the 2 groups.The statistical analyses were performed using x~2 test.Results The incidence of bladder cancer in patients under 40 years was 4.2%(92/2200).The male/female ratio was 2.7:1.0.At initial visit,86%(68.7% in group A and 91.1% in group B)of the patients presented with gross hematuri- a;and 25.0% in group A and 33.9% in group B concomitantly had frequency and dysuria.The mean disease course in the 2 groups was 3.8 months for male and 6.9 months for female.Solitary tumor occurred in 19 ca- ses(100.0%)in group A and 63(86.3%)in group B;and multiple carcinomas,in 10 cases(13.7%)in group B.All were superficial bladder cancers in group A,while 6(8.2%)were invasive carcinomas in group B.According to WHO pathological grading of bladder cancer,in group A,10 cases(52.6%)had G_1,8 (42.1%)had G_2 and 1(5.3%)had G_3 tumors;in group B,8 cases(11.0%)had G_1,49(67.1%)had G_2 and 16(21.9%)had G_3 tumors(P＜0.01).The positive rate of urine cytology was 53.3% in all 92 ca- ses(25.0% in group A and 60.7% in group B,P＜0.05).The diagnostic rates by B-ultrasound and cysto- scopy were 98.6% and 100.0%,respectively.Of the 92 patients,11(12.0%)were treated by partial cys- tectomy,73(79.3%)by TUR-Bt and 8(8.7%)by cystectomy.The follow-up was 3-115 months(mean, 39 months).The overall recurrence rate was 12.0%,with 5.3%(1/19)in group A and 13.7%(10/73)in group B.Of 10 patients with multiple carcinomas,6(60.0%)developed recurrence;and of 82 with solitary tumors,5(6.1%)developed recurrence,with significant difference between them(P＜0.01).Two of the multiple carcinoma patients developed invasive carcinoma.Conclusions In bladder cancer patients under 40 years,the positive rate of urine cytology,pathological grading and recurrence rate increase with age.Multi- ple tumors,invasive carcinoma and long-term smoking are high risk factors for tumor recurrence.TURBt is the main surgical method for treating bladder cancer patients under 40 years.

Objective:To investigate the status of shift nurses′ circadian rhythm, sleep quality and job burnout in 3A-level hospitals, and analyze the influence of circadian rhythm and sleep quality on job burnout, so as to provide theoretical basis for reducing the level of job burnout of shift nurses.Methods:A total of 491 shift nurses were investigated with General Information Questionnaire, Circadian Type Questionnaire(CTI-11), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey(MBI-GS).Results:The Flexibility or Rigidity score of shift nurses was 10.64±4.14, the Languid or Vigorous score was 17.67±4.80, the PSQI score was 7.47±3.66, the MBI-GS score was 51.14±15.11. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that flexibility or rigidity, languid or vigorous, sleep quality were the influencing factors of emotional exhaustion( t value was 7.415, - 5.281, 7.153, P<0.01); flexibility or rigidity, languid or vigorous, sleep quality were the influencing factors of depersonalization ( t value was 4.828, - 4.079, 4.959, P<0.01); flexibility or rigidity was the influencing factors of professional efficacy( t value was - 3.887, P<0.01). Conclusions:The job burnout of shift nurses in Tianjin 3A-level hospitals were serious. The circadian rhythm and sleep quality are the important factors that affect the job burnout of shift nurses. According to the type of circadian rhythm and sleep quality of nurses, nursing managers can take personalized measures to reduce their level of job burnout.

The Kirkpatrick Model has been widely used in nursing staff training. This paper reviews the development, content and application of Coriolis evaluation model in nursing training, in order to provide reference for improving nursing training methods and improving the professional quality of nursing staff.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the delayed process of fracture healing in osteoporosis rats, as well as to investigate the effect of simvastatin on osteoprotic fracture healing. METHODS: Fouty 12-week old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 animals in each group. All rats except those in group A and C rats received bilateral ovariectomy. The rats in group A received sham operation. The rats in group C, D and E underwent an operation 4 weeks after ovariectomy to establish the midshaft femur fracture model all fractured rats were treated with simvastatin (group E, 20 mg · kg-1 · d-1) or vehicle (group C, D) as control. Femurs from the A and B group rats sacrificed 4 weeks after ovariectomy operation were harvested for the bone mineral density assessment. The fractured rats were sacrificed 6 weeks after fracture. Radiographic evaluation (CR film) were taken to observe the fracture healing, a scoring system for CR film and bone mineral density were used to evaluate fracture healing quantitatively, and the femurs were then undecalcified for HE staining and subsequent histological observation. RESULTS: Four weeks after the ovariectomy operation, the BMD of rats in group B were significantly lower than those of group A(P < 0.05); In contrast to group C, a significant decreased BMD were observed in group D and E(P < 0.05); the rats in group E and D showed more clear fracture gap by CR films in most examples, indicating a delayed fracture healing process compared to group C, in which the rats showed more progressed callus consolidation, accordingly, the scores for evaluation of fracture healing in group C was significantly higher than those of group E and D (P < 0.05); the rats in group C showed more mature callus with partially lamellar bone formation, while a delayed fracture healing process was observed in group D and E characterized by more cartilage callus but no lamellar bone formation group. CONCLUSION: Compared to normal rats, osteoporotic rats show a delayed process of fracture repair. Though simvastatin shows potential ability to prevent bone loss and thereby to promote fracture healing, the contribution is so limited that more study of simvastatin on osteoporotic fracture healing is required.

Adult ; Heart Atria ; Heart Neoplasms ; complications ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; etiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Myxoma ; complications

Objective To summarize the experience of long-term survival of the patients under- going orthotopic heart transplantation.Methods Heart transplantation was performed on 2 cases of dilated cardiomyopathy and one case of Keshan disease.Before operation,pulmonary artery pressure was 42-53 mm Hg(5.60-7.07 kPa)and pulmonary vascular resistance 5.6-7.0 wood.The body weight difference between donors and receptors was 10%-15%.There were three same antigens in HLA zygosity experiment for all of three patients.Two cases were subjected to standard heart trans- plantation and one case to whole heart transplantation.All the atriums and big vessels were sutured by evting suture method.Cyclosporin A,azathioprine and corticosteroid were used to prevent patients from rejection.Results Survival time of 3 patients was 13 years and 10 months,12 years and 10 years and 3 months.Heart functions of three patients were NYHAⅠand all of 3 patients are living and working commonly.Six,3 and 1 rejection(s)occurred in 3 patients respectively and cured by appro- priate treatment.Electrocardiogram revealed that case 1 and case 2 had two P waves and case 3 sinus rhythm.Ultrasonic cardiogram showed that in case 1 and case 2,the left and right atriums were enlarged and tricuspid valve had slight backstreaming,and in case 3,all of the cardiac chambers were normal and had no backstreaming of tricuspid valve and mitral valve.No abnormal findings were found in 3 cases by 4-9 times of coronary arteriongraphy.Conclusion The important factors for the patients' long-term survival after heart transplantation include the choice of appropriate donors and acceptors, protection of donors' hearts,selection of appropriate operations and suture methods,rational use of im- munosuppressants and prevention of cardiac allograft vasculopathy.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) and p35 in rat hippocampus during pentetrazole kindling process and their relation with mossy fiber sprouting (MFS), and to investigate the role of Cdk5/p35 in epileptogenesis. METHODS: Altogether 120 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group and a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) treated group. The epileptic models were established by the injection of PTZ intraperitoneally while the control rats were injected with an equal dose of saline. At the 3rd day, 1st week, 2nd week, 4th week, and 6th week after daily injection, Timm staining was performed in area CA3 and dentate gyrus, and the mRNA and protein of Cdk5 and p35 were analyzed in the hilus and stratum granulosum of dentate gyrus and area CA1 and CA3 of hippocampus, by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS: The expression levels of Cdk5 and p35 mRNA were significantly higher in the PTZ treated subgroups of the 3rd day, 1st week, 2nd week, and 4th week than those in the controls. Thereafter, the expression decreased to the level of controls. The expression level of Cdk5 and p35 protein increased from the 3rd day to 2nd week, and then gradually decreased to the level of the controls. Timm scores for PTZ groups were 1 to approximately 4 before kindling and 4~5 after kindling in area CA3. CONCLUSION Change of Cdk5/p35 expression in the hippocampus may play a role in epileptogenesis by influencing the process of mossy fiber sprouting.
Animals ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Epilepsy ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Kindling, Neurologic ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mossy Fibers, Hippocampal ; metabolism ; Pentylenetetrazole ; toxicity ; Phosphotransferases ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the enhancive effect of N,N'-dinitrosopiperazine (DNP) on induced carcinogenesis in nasal and/or nasopharyngeal epithelia among TgN(p53mt-LMP1)/HT transgenic mice to examine the underlying mechanism for the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

METHODSTgN(p53mt-LMP1)/HT transgenic mice and the same strain of C(57)BL/6J wild-type mice both at the age of 5 months were randomly divided into 2 groups in parallel, respectively, i.e., TgN(p53mt-LMP1)/HT cancerous lesion-inducing group (TI), TgN(p53mt-LMP1)/HT control group (TC), C57BL/6J cancerous lesion-inducing group (CI), and C57BL/6J control group (CC). TI and CI mice were treated only with DNP for 16 weeks, twice each week, while TC and CC mice were given the same volume of saline as controls. At the end of treatment, animals were sacrificed to collect epithelial tissue samples from nasal cavity and nasopharynx for pathohistological evaluation by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and for determination on the expression of TRAF2, c-Jun, and p16 by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSAtypical hyperplasia was more significant in the samples of TI than in those of TC, CI, and CC, with the rates of lesions being 90%, 10%, 0, and 0 (P<0.01) respectively, though DNP was used alone in a much shortened inducing period at less dosage and without the use of carcinogenic promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate as usual. The expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and c-Jun in these samples were significantly up-regulated in TI (P<0.01), while the expression of p16 was significantly lower in TI than in the other groups (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONTgN(p53mt-LMP1)/HT mice hold inherited constitutional defect in immune surveillance function, which can be aggravated by environmental carcinogens, such as DNP used even though in a much less strength. The enhanced carcinogenesis-inducing effect of DNP on TgN(p53mt-LMP1)/HT mice should be closely associated with abnormal signaling of activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathway, especially up-regulated expressions of TRAF2 and c-Jun, and down-regulated expression of p16.

Animals ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; genetics ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; chemically induced ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nitrosamines ; pharmacology ; Nose Neoplasms ; chemically induced ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Precancerous Conditions ; chemically induced ; genetics ; pathology ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of miRNA-101 on the expression of the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EXH2) in human androgen-independent prostated cancer LNCaP cells.

METHODSWe divided LNCaP cells into a blank control, a negative control, and a miRNA-l01 transfection group, constructed the vector by transfecting synthetic miRNA-101 mimics into the LNCaP cells, and evaluated the efficiency of transfection by fluorescence microscopy. Then we determined the expression level of EZH2 mRNA by qRT-PCR in the three groups of cells and that of the EZH2 protein in the negative control and transfection groups by Western blot.

RESULTSGreen fluorescence signals were observed in over 70% of the LNCaP cells in the transfection group after 24 hours of transfection. At 72 hours, the expression of miRNA-101 was significantly upregulated in the transfected cells (P < 0.01), that of EZH2 mRNA was remarkably lower in the transfection group (0.01 ± 0.10) than in the blank control (0.95 ± 0.40) and negative control (0.86 ± 0.30) groups (both P < 0.01), and that of the EZH2 protein was increased in the negative control but decreased in the transfection group with the extension of culture time.

CONCLUSIONmiRNA-101, with its inhibitory effect on the expression of EZH2 in LNCaP cells, is a potential biotherapeutic for prostate cancer.

Androgens ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; physiology ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Transfection

Animals ; Depression ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; methods ; Frontal Lobe ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serotonin ; metabolism ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; methods