Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Brain Stem ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; Gene Expression ; Gene Library ; Motion Sickness ; genetics ; Rats

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Motion Sickness ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of phenformin hydrochloride that may be illegally added in traditional Chinese medicine preparations on the pharmacokinetics of puerarin in rats.

METHODRats were randomly divided into the single pueraria group and the phenformin hydrochloride combined with pueraria group. After oral administration in the two groups, their bloods were sampled at different time points to determine the drug concentration of puerarin in rat blood and calculate pharmacokinetic parameters.

RESULTAfter oral administration with pueraria extracts and phenformin hydrochloride combined with pueraria extracts, the two groups showed main pharmacokinetic parameters as follows: Cmax were (2.39 +/- 1.01), (1.03 +/- 0.35) mg x L(-1), respectively; Tmax were (0.50 +/- 0.09), (1.5 +/- 0.5) h, respectively; Ke were (0.153 +/- 0.028), (0.172 +/- 0.042) h(-1), respectively; t(1/2) were (4.65 +/- 0.86), (4.20 +/- 0.81) h, respectively; AUC(0-t), were (5.73 +/- 2.60), (5.45 +/- 1.81) mg x h x L(-1), respectively; AUC(0-infinity) were (6.72 +/- 2.89), (6.26 +/- 1.88) mg x h x L(-1), respectively. Compared with the single puerarin group, the Cmax was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and the Tmax was markedly longer (P < 0.01) than the hydrochloride combined with pueraria group.

CONCLUSIONPhenformin hydrochloride can slow down the absorption process of puerarin and change the pharmacokinetic process of puerarin to some extent.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Drug Interactions ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Isoflavones ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Phenformin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Vasodilator Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of Epimedium brevicornum.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated by using silica gel column chromatography and preparative TLC. The structures were identified on the basis of physical-chemical constants and spectral data.

RESULTFive compounds were isolated and identified as hyperoside, icariin, epimedin B, epimedin C, inositol.

CONCLUSIONCompound I and III - V were isolated from the plant for the first time.

Epimedium ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Reproduction ; physiology ; Social Behavior ; Tupaiidae ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo develop the chromatographic fingerprints of composite Folii Isatidis injection by HPLC.

METHODThe separation was performed on a Diamonsil C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-water-phosphoric acid as gradient eluent at the flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The UV detection was set at 254 nm.

RESULTA standard HPLC fingerprint procedure was developed for composite Folii Isatidis injection, with 20 common peaks and a similarity threshold of 9.0 established.

CONCLUSIONThis method was accurate, repeatable and useful for the quality control of composite Folii Isatidis injection.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Injections ; Isatis ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results ; Uridine ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo isolate and purify corynoline and acetylcorynoline from Corydalis bungeana and develop a reversed-phase HPLC method of determining the two components in C. bungeana.

METHODAlkaloids were isolated from the ethanolic extract with column gel chromatography, and identified on the basis of spectral analysis (UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR) and physicochemical properties. For quantitative analysis of the two components, samples were separated on an ODS column with mobile phase of methanol-15 mmol.L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate/potassium phosphate dibasic (pH 6.70, 70:30). The flow rate was 0.8 mL.min-1, and the detection was set at 289 nm.

RESULTThe purity was 99.5% and 99.1% for corynoline and acetylcorynoline respectively. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 6.9-110.4 mg.L-1 corynoline and 8.7-139.5 mg.L-1 acetylcorynoline. The RSD was 2.1% and 2.7%, and the average recovery was 97.3% and 97.2% respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe method of isolating and purifying corynoline and acetylcorynoline from Corydalis bungeana and the HPLC method of simultaneous determination of the two components have been developed. The HPLC method is simple, easy to perform and applicable to the content determination of corynoline and acetylcorynoline in C. bungeana of various origins.

Berberine Alkaloids ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Corydalis ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

AIMTo develop a method for determination of adenosine, rutin and quercetin in Carthamus tinctorius L. by high performance capillary electrophoresis(HPCE).

METHODSA fused silica capillary (66.5 cm x 50 microns ID, an effective length of 58 cm) was used. The running buffer composed of 50 mmol.L-1 borax (pH 9.7) containing 18% methanol. The applied voltage was 24 kV and the capillary temperature was 20 degrees C. The detection wavelength was 210 nm. Rifampicin was used as internal standard.

RESULTSA good linearity between peak area ratio of the common peak to the internal standard and the concentration was found in the range of 10-160 mg.L-1 for adenosine, 100-2,000 mg.L-1 for rutin and 100-1,600 mg.L-1 for quercetin (r > 0.998). The average recoveries were 98.5%-100.5%, 96.9%-99.5% and 99.1%-99.5% for adenosine, rutin and quercetin, respectively. The relative standard deviation was less than 6.5% (n = 5).

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, rapid and with satisfactory recoveries and good reproducibilities. It can be used to control the quality of Carthamus tinctorius.

Adenosine ; analysis ; Carthamus tinctorius ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; methods ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; analysis ; Rutin ; analysis

AIMTo study the protein binding of glimepiride.

METHODSAn HPLC-FA method is performed by using Pinkerton GFF II-S5-80 internal-surface reversed-phase silica support (150 mm x 4.6 mm ID, 5 microm) at pH 7.4 in a 67 mmol x L(-1) isotonic sodium phosphate buffer at 37 degree C. Other conditions included flow rate of 0.2 mL x min(-1), UV detection at wavelength 230 nm and injection volume 900 microL.

RESULTSNonlinear regression parameter estimation was used for the association constant measurement of glimepiride to both primary and secondary sites, which were 5.1 (micromol x L(-1)-1 and 1 for K1 and n1, and 0.017 (micromol x L(-1))-1 and 7 for K2 and n2, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe method is shown to be suitable for investigation of protein binding of glimepiride.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Serum Albumin ; metabolism ; Sulfonylurea Compounds ; metabolism

To develop a sensitive and specific high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of mosapride in human plasma, mosapride and internal standard tamsulosin were extracted from plasma with liquid-liquid extraction, then separated on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (50 mm x 2.1 mm, 1.7 microm ID) with gradient elution at flow-rate of 0.25 mL x min(-1). The mobile phase was water (containing 0.3% formic acid) and acetonitrile under gradient conditions. Electrospray ionization (ESI) source was applied and operated in the positive ion mode. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with the transitions of m/z 422 --> m/z 198 and m/z 409 --> m/z 228 were used to quantify mosapride and the internal standard, respectively. The linear calibration curve was obtained in the concentration range of 0.17 - 68.00 ng x mL(-1). The lower limit of quantification was 0.17 ng x mL(-1). The inter- and intra-day precision (RSD) was less than 13%, and the accuracy (RE) was within +/- 6.3% calculated from QC samples. The method was used to determine the concentration of mosapride in plasma after a single oral dose of 5 mg mosapride citrate to 20 healthy male Chinese volunteers. The method has been proved to be selective, sensitive, rapid and suitable for pharmacokinetic study of mosapride.
Administration, Oral ; Area Under Curve ; Benzamides ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Gastrointestinal Agents ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Male ; Morpholines ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Serotonin Receptor Agonists ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods