Carbon Disulfide ; analysis ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Threshold Limit Values ; Workplace

Objective To systematically evaluate the effects of respiratory muscle training by using respiratory muscle training device on rehabilitation of people undergoing cardiothoracic and abdominal surgery. Methods The relevant randomized controlled trials were searched in the databases of the CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, EBSCO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, VIP. The quality of studies was critically appraised and data were extracted by two reviewers independently, a meta-analysis was conducted for the included studies. Results Finally 12 randomized controlled trial involving 1060 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that respiratory muscle training device could improve respiratory muscle strength [SMD =0.70, 95%CI (0.15-1.24)]; improved lung function [forced vital capacity:SMD=0.48, 95%CI (0.10-0.87);inspiratory capacity:SMD=0.55, 95%CI (0.07-1.04)]; improve; effectively reduced postoperative pulmonary complications [OR=0.21, 95%CI:(0.15-0.31)]; shorten the length of hospital stays [SMD=-0.52, 95%CI (-0.87--0.16)], all P< 0.05. Conclusions The application of respiratory muscle training with respiratory muscle device could promote the rehabilitation of patients undergoing cardiothoracic and abdominal surgery.

The Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) and Taura syndrome virus (TSV) are two important shrimp viruses in cultured shrimp in America. These two viruses were transmitted to China at the beginning of the 21st century. In this study, 214 shrimp samples of Penaeus vannamei were collected from seven different areas of China and tested by PCR for IHHNV and TSV infection. The results showed that there were a high prevalence of IHHNV (65.42%) and low prevalence of TSV (3.27%) in the tested samples. Several samples were found to be co-infected with these two viruses. A 3 kb fragment of 7 positive IHHNV samples and a structure protein region (ORF2) of three TSV positive samples were amplified and sequenced. The sequence comparison indicated that both IHHNV and TSV sequenced in China have a low genetic variations compared with the prototype IHHNV and TSV from Hawaii. Phylogenetic analysis showed that TSV isolates were clustered into two groups, Asia and America group, which was genetically correlated to geographic distribution.

Objective To investigate the effects of enhanced external counterpulsation on coronary heart diseas epatients who suffer from insomnia .Methods Ninety-two cases of coronary heart disease patients with insomnia were divided into observation group and control group randomly ,46 cases in each group .The cases in control group were given routine drug treatment and nursing for coronary heart disease and insomnia .On this base ,the cases in observation group were given EECP .Use the pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) to evaluate the sleep quality of two groups on day of admission and 30d after treatment .The dimensions score and total score of two groups in each time were compared and analyzed .Results After the intervention of 30 d ,PSQI scores in the observation group were lower than those before intervention ,and lower than that of control group ,and there was statistical signifi-cance(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The EECP can relieve the insomnia of coronary heart disease patients ,and improve there sleep quali-ty .

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) for improving the cardiac function of Sjogren's syndrome (SS) model rats based on Keapl-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.

METHODSTotally 48 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups by random digit table, i.e., the blank control group,the model control group,the APS group, and the hydroxychloroquine group, 12 in each group. Except those in the blank control group, 0. 1 mL mixed antigen protein of sufficiently emulsified Freund's complete adjuvant and submandibular gland protein was injected from two feet plantar to induce SS model. The intervention was started from 19th day after inflammation induction. Equal volume of normal saline was given to rats in the blank control group (1 mL/100 g), APS was administered to those in the APS group (1 mg/100 g), and hydroxychloroquine (0.03 125 g/kg) was administered to those in the hydroxychloroquine group. All rats were intervened once per day for 30 consecutive days. Changes of rats' body mass and drinking water quantity, submandibular gland index, spleen index, histological changes of glands were observed. Changes of the heart function were monitored using invasive hemodynamics. Serum reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-35 (IL-35)were detected using ELISA method. The pathological changes were observed using HE staining. The protein expression of ROS, reactive nitrogen species (RNS), glutathione (GSH), and thioredoxin (TRX) were observed by immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA expression of Keap1, Nrf2, and ARE was detected using real time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The protein expression levels of gamma-glutamic acid and a half long glycine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the myocardial tissue were determined by Western blot method. Results Compared with the blank control group, the quantity of drinking water, submandibular gland index, spleen index, heart rate (HR), cardiac index (HI), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular diastolic pressure (LVEDP), MDA, ROS, TNF-alpha, ROS protein expression, RNS protein expression, Keap 1 mRNA expression, Maf mRNA expression, Nfr2 mRNA expression, and HO-1 protein expression, and gamma-GCS protein expression significantly increased (P <0.01); body mass, +/-dp/dtmax, SOD, TAC, IL-35, GSH, and TRX significantly decreased (P <0.01) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the quantity of drinking water, submandibular gland index, spleen index, LVEDP, MDA, ROS, TNF-alpha, ROS protein expression, RNS protein expression, Keap1 mRNA expression, Maf mRNA expression, Nfr2 mRNA expression, and HO-1 protein expression, and gamma-GCS protein expression significantly decreased (P<0.05); body mass, +/-dp/dtmax, SOD, TAC, IL-35, GSH protein expression, and TRX protein expression significantly increased (P < 0.05, P <0.01) in the AR group and the hydroxychloroquine group. In the hydroxychloroquine group HR increased (P <0.05). In the AR group HR and LVSP decreased (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). Compared with the hydroxychloroquine group, HR, LVEDP, - dp/dtmax, y-GCS protein expression significantly decreased (P <0. 05, P <0. 01); SOD, TAC, GSH, TRX, HO-1 protein expression increased (P <0.01 )in the AR group. HI was positively correlated with ROS (P <0. 05). LVSP and LVEDP were positively correlated with Keap1 -Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways (P <0. 01) , and negatively correlated with TAC (P <0. 05, P <0. 01 ). +/-dp/dtmax was negatively correlated with Keap1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways(P <0.05), and positively correlated with TNF alpha (P <0. 05).

CONCLUSIONSDeclined heart function exists in SS rats. The mechamechanism of APS for improving the heart function might be closely correlated with activating Keap1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.

Animals ; Astragalus Plant ; Blotting, Western ; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases ; metabolism ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; metabolism ; Hydroxychloroquine ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Myocardium ; enzymology ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; therapeutic use ; Polysaccharides ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Sjogren's Syndrome ; Submandibular Gland ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Thioredoxins ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

This paper instroduces the components and operating priciples of a multi-functional drug smearing and drug injection instrument. The instrument has many advantages such as simple structure, convenient operation, no bacteria, drug-saving, little pain and etc. All these advantages make it fit for medical applications.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Equipment Design ; Equipment and Supplies ; Humans

Radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) has been one of the most effective treatments for prostate cancer.This study is designed to identify the related predictive risk factors for complications in patients following RRP.Between 2000 and 2012 in Department of Urology,Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center,421 cases undergoing RRP for localized prostate cancer by one surgeon were included in this retrospective analysis.We reviewed various risk factors that were correlated with perioperative complications,including patient characteristics [age,body mass index (BMI),co-morbidities],clinical findings (preoperative PSA level,Gleason score,clinical stage,pathological grade),and surgeon's own clinical practice.Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was used to explain comorbidities.The total rate of perioperative complications was 23.2％ (98/421).There were 45/421 (10.7％),28/421 (6.6％),24/421 (5.7％) and 1/421 (0.2％) in grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ respectively,and 323/421 (76.8％) cases had none of these complications.Statistical analysis of multiple potential risk factors revealed that BMI ＞30 (P=0.014),Charlson score ≥1 (P＜0.001) and surgical experience (P=0.0252) were predictors of perioperative complications.Age,PSA level,Gleason score,TNM stage,operation time,blood loss,and blood transfusion were not correlated with perioperative complications (P＞0.05).It was concluded that patients' own factors and surgeons' technical factors are related with an increased risk of development of perioperative complications following radical prostatectomy.Knowing these predictors can both favor risk stratification of patients undergoing RRP and help surgeons make treatment decisions.

ObjectiveTo observe the expression of syntaxin-1 in hippocampus of adult rats with hypothyroidism and the role of different doses of thyroid hormone replacement therapy,further to explore the molecular mechanism of brain damage.MethodsAll 44 male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups according to their body mass(250 - 300 g):hypothyroidism group,routine dosage thyroxine treatment group,high dosage thyroxine treatment group and control group (11 in each group).Hypothyroidism group,routine dosage thyroxine treatment group and high dosage thyroxine treatment group received daily intraperitoneal injection of propylthiouracil (PTU) 10 mg/kg.Hypothyroidism group was given PTU by intraperitoneal injection for two weeks after the previous four week treatment,the routine dosage thyroxine treatment group and the high dosage thyroxine treatment group were given 50,200 μg/kg L-thyroxine daily intraperitoneally for two weeks; the control group received daily intraperitoneal injection of saline.The levels of serum T3,T4 were assayed by radioimmunoassay method,and the level of syntaxin-1 in hippocampus was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.ResultsIn the hypothyroidism group,the levels of serum T3,T4[(0.34 ± 0.04),(43.01 ± 2.95)nmol/L] were significantly lower than those in the control group[(0.65 ± 0.05),(55.20 ± 3.56)nmol/L,all P ＜ 0.05].In the routine dosage of thyroxine treatment group,the levels of serum T3,T4[(0.63 ± 0.05),(55.04 ± 3.77)nmol/L] were not significantly different compared to the control group (all P ＞ 0.05 ).In the high dosage thyroxine thyroid hormone treatment group,the levels of serum T3,T4[(1.11 ± 0.10),(96.68 ± 6.42)nmol/L] were significantly higher than those in the control group(all P ＜ 0.05).The levels of syntaxin-1 protein in the CA1,CA3 and dentate gyrus(DG) of all layer regions of hippocampus (0.059 ± 0.016,0.064 ± 0.014,0.068 ± 0.016,0.069 ± 0.017,0.072 ± 0.016,0.070 ± 0.011,0.051 ± 0.012,0.072 ± 0.017) were significantly higher compared to the control group(0.037 ± 0.008,0.045 ± 0.010,0.042 ±0.009,0.040 ± 0.010,0.053 ± 0.009,0.042 ± 0.009,0.032 ± 0.007,0.047 ± 0.010,all P ＜ 0.05).In the routine dosage and the high dosage thyroxine thyroid hormone treatment group,the level of syntaxin-1 in CA1,CA3and DG regions(0.041 ± 0.011,0.046 ± 0.017,0.044 ± 0.014,0.037 ± 0.008,0.051 ± 0.010,0.043 ± 0.010,0.033 ± 0.011,0.045 ± 0.014 and 0.040 ± 0.010,0.045 ± 0.011,0.043 ± 0.010,0.033 ± 0.009,0.050 ± 0.010,0.041 ± 0.009,0.032 ± 0.009,0.046 ± 0.009)were not significantly different compare to the control group(all P＞0.05).ConclusionThe expression of syntaxin-1 in hippocampus of adult-onset hypothyroidism is increased,which can be reversed by routine dosage treatment of thyroxine.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the imbalance of suppressors of cytokine signaling 1(SOCS1)/SOCS3 and abnormal activation of monocytes/ macrophages in children with acute-phase asthma, and explore the molecular mechanism of chronic inflammatory process on airway.Methods The present study enrolled 20 asthmatic children and 20 age-matched normal children. Dual-color flow cytometric analysis was performal to detect the percentage of CD_ 80 、CD_ 86 expressing on CD_ 14 ~+ cell. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and real-time PCR were used to analyze SOCS1,SOCS3 expression in monocytes/ macrophages.Results The proportions of CD_ 80 ,CD_ 86 expressed on CD_ 14 ~+ cell in children with asthma were significantly higher than those in control subjects(CD_ 80 :7.0% vs 1.70%),(CD_ 86 :11.37% vs 2.03%),all P

Objective To explore the method of clinical application and the final result of the com- pound flap of distally based of saphenous nerve-great saphenous vein nutritional vessels.Methods Basing on the anatomic basis that the nutrient vessels of saphenous nerve-great saphenous vein have the same deriva- tion as the branches of the muscle,bone and skin.Eight cases of the tissue defects of ankles and feet were re- paired by the flap.Results Seven cases were survived completely except the distal partly necrosis in one case.The calcaneal defects of one case were repaired by the iliac graft after two weeks of the operation.Follow up from 3 monthes to one year,the texture,appearance and function of the multiflap were good.Conclusion The compound flap of distally based of saphenous nerve-great saphenous vein nutritional vessels has the ad- vantages as follow:the reliable blood supply,avoidance of sacrificing the major arteries,reconstruction of sen- sation and simply procedure.Besides,the defects of soft tissue and bone can be repaired on one operation.