EGFR/HER-2 is an attractive therapeutic target for solid tumors.Lapatinib is an orally administered dual inhibitor of EGFR/HER-2 tyosine kinases.Preclinical experiments in vitro and in vivo models indicate that lapatinib is active against various solid tumors.Phase Ⅰ trials have shown an acceptable adverse event.Phase Ⅱand Ⅲ trials demonstrate the promising results for the treatment of metastatic,refractory,inflammatory,or brain metastatic breast cancer.With the further developments of biology,the molecular targeted chemotherapy becomes a novel adjuvant therapy for advanced breast cancer patients.

Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is an autoimmune disease that affects primarily women,commonly in their reproductive years but does not influence fertility.More recent prospective studies indicate that pregnancy is safe for the majority of mothers if it is planned when SLE is quiescent.In pregnant women with lupus nephritis,the outcome of the fetal and maternal is strongly correlated with lupus activity,kidney function and the presence of aPL at the time of conception.To prevent renal complications,prednisone is given after conception,and reinforcement for a few days before the estimated delivery and for a week after delivery or miscarriage with rapid tapering to maintenance levels may be suggested.Treatment of flares includes corticosteroids,hydroxychloroquine,azothioprine and cyclosporin A.Blood pressure is controlled with methyldopa,labetalol nifedipine or hydralazine.

China has high prevalence of gastric cancer, with the morbidity and mortality leading the list of malignancy. The conditions of diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer in China fail to meet the need of a large number of patients because of restriction in re-gional development. Therefore, we are facing a very serious situation of fighting against gastric cancer. Multidiscipline, individualiza-tion, and standardization are the development tendency of diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. Numerous topics about gastric cancer are currently controversial and solutions to these problems depend on the development of evidence-based medicine. This re-view summarized the recent progress in the clinical methods used for stomach cancer, laparoscopic surgical techniques, diagnosis and treatment of early gastric cancer, conversion therapy of advanced gastric cancer, therapeutic strategy of esophageal-gastric junction cancer, enhanced recovery after surgery, and translational research and clinical trials of gastric cancer. Moreover, the foci and prob-lems of the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer were discussed to provide reference for further studies.

0.05). Platelet decreased significantly in group A (P

Objective To investigate the effects of minocycline on regional cerebral blood flow and the expression of endothe-lin-1(ET-1) in ischemic penumbra of rats after focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury .Methods Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with nylon suture was used to be established as focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion mode (I/R) ,a total of 35 male Spra-geue-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups :sham-operated group(n= 10) ,model group(n= 15) and minocycline group (n= 15) .After 24 hours of I/R ,The neurobehavioral function of rats was evaluated by Longa′s test ,the regional cerebral blood flow in ischemic penumbra was assessed with laser-Doppler flowmetry .After 6 and 24 hours of I/R ,the expression of ET-1 in peri-in-farct region was measured by both immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay .Results Compared with sham-group ,the Longa′s test scales ,ET-1 protein expression increased and the rCBF decreased in ischemic penumbra in model group(P< 0 .05) .the Longa′s test scales ,ET-1 protein expression decreased and the rCBF decreased in ischemic penumbra in minocycline group when compared to the model group(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion Minocycline could promote neurological functional recovery of rats after MCAO ,which might be attributed to increase the cerebral blood flow and regulate the endothelin-1 expression in ischemic penumbra .

BACKGROUND: The implanted cartilage calls can synthesize cartilage matrix as cartilage in cartilage tissue enginsedng, and the density of implanted cells is the key point.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of cell seeding concentration on the chondrogenic differentiation of the adipose dadved sromal cells (ADSCs).DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The in vitro cellular-scaffold observation was performed at the cytobiological laboratory of China Medical University from November 2007 to July 2008.MATERIALS: Six male SD rata with clean grade were supplied by the Experimental Animal Center of China Medical University.METHODS: Totally 5 g/L type ; collagen solution and 20 g/L chitosan was mixed in a mould with volume ratio of 7:3, after lyophillization, it was cut into pieces with 5 mm ～ 5 mm x 2 mm, followed by crosslinking with ethanol contained of 2% chondroitic acid at room temperature. After washing with double distilled water and freeze drying, the chitosan-collagen-chondroitin sulfate copolymar matrices scaffolds were harvested. ADSCs isolated from rat inguinal fat pads were digested with collagenase and trypsase. The prepared scaffolds were randomly divided into 3 groups, and the third passage cells with density of 2×10 9/L,2×10 109/L, and 2×10 11/L were seeded into chitosan-coflagen-chondroitin sulfate scaffolds, and cultured in chondrogenic medium for 3 weeks.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expression of cartilage specificity gene was detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining, type Ⅱ collagen immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR.RESULTS: Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that after 3 weeks of culture, the cell proliferated and differentiated well, especially in 2x101～/L group, more extrocelluer matrices were produced and cartilage lacuna-structure could be seen. The type Ⅱ collagen was positive expressed in each group, which showed a gradually increasing tendency with the cell seeding concentration increasing. RT-PCR showed that the expression of proteoglycen and type Ⅱ collagen mRNA were slowly increased. However the expression of Ⅹ collagen mRNA was decreased with increasing cell seeding concentration.CONCLUSION: The chitosan-collagen-chondroitin sulfate copolymer matrices can provide an appropdate environment for the generation of cartilage-like tissues and high call seeding concentration of 2×1010/L facilitate ADSCs to differentiate into cartilage.

Objective To investigate the toxic effects of ozone on rat astrocytes in vitro. Methods Twelve 1-2 day old Wistar rats were anesthetized with ether. Their brains were removed. Astrecytes were enzymatically isolated with trypsin and cultured. After different-speed cultivation and serial passage, astrocytes were seeded into 24 well plates and divided into 4 groups (n = 7 each): group Ⅰ normal control (group C) and group Ⅱ , Ⅲ , Ⅳ (group O2-O340, 60, 80) were exposed to ozone 40, 60 and 80 μg/ml respectively. After 2 and 4 h incubation, the astroeytes were examined under microscope. Supernatant was collected and cells were broken for determination of SOD activity and MDA content in the cells and LDH leaking ratio. Results Cells in group O2-O3 60 and 80 exhibited hypertrophy, vacuoles and black denatured grains in the cytoplasm and increase in proceses. SOD activity and MDA content were significantly increased at the end of 2 h incubation in group O2-O340, 60 and 80 as compared with blank control group. LDH leaking ratio and MDA content were increased in a concentration dependent manner at the end of 2 h and 4 h incubation, while SOD activity was decreased concentration dependently at the end of 4 h incubation. SOD activity was signifieandy decreased, while LDH leaking ratio was increased at 4 h as compared with that at 2 h in group O2-O360 and 80. Conclusion Ozone has toxic effects on cultured rat astroeytns in a concentration and time dependent manner.

Objective To evaluate the character of the collagen-chitosan-chondroitin sulfate scaffold seeded with rat adipose tissue-derived stromal cells. Methods A dipose tissue were harvested from 6 weeks old Wistar rats and the stromal cells were harvested by type Ⅰ collagenase and then cultured in vitro. Type Ⅰ collagen was fully mixed with chitosan, freeze-dried and cross-linked with chondroitin sulfate, then freeze-dried again and sterilized by ethylene oxide. The pore diameter, water content, porosity of the scaffold were tested. The adipose tissue-derived stromal cells were digested, seeded into the plates, scaffold, and cen-trifuged into pellet, and then induced into cartilage. MTT detection for cell proliferation was done. After 3 weeks, the cell morphology, and cell proliferation and adhesion were observed, and chondrngenic differenti-ation was also analyzed. Results The pore diameter, water content, porosity tested for the scaffold showed an appropriate form. Cell proliferation showed faster in the scaffold and pellet culture system after 5 day, there was still cell proliferation in the scaffold system after 14 days but no obvious changes in the pellet cul-ture system; ceils on the scaffold proliferated densely showed by histological staining, but there was a scaf-fold structure residues in the inner layer. The finding of type Ⅱ immunohistochemistry stain showed that cells express strong positive for type Ⅱ collagen in the scaffold and pellet culture system whereas it was weakly positive in the plate culture system; the specific mRNA for cartilage, type Ⅱ collagen, aggrecan and SOX-9 were expressed in all three systems showed by RT-PCR, but type X collagen was expressed continu-ously in the plate culture system and expressed after 21 days in the pellet culture system, whereas it was not detected in the collagen-chitosan-chondroitin sulfate scaffold system. Conclusion The parameters of the collagen-chitosan-chondroitin sulfate scaffold were suitable in our study. The results suggested that it can promote the adipose tissue-derived stromal cells proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation better than the plate and pellet culture systems and maintain the phenotype of chondrocytes well; it is the optimal choice for cartilage tissue engineering in the future.