OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for development of PIVAS.METHODS:Based on the practical condition of our hospital,the necessity of PIVAS and several key problems in the implementation process were analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:It is a natural tendency to establish PIVAS for the development of pharmacy.Several problems such as criteria for PIVAS establishment,charge standard,coverage of drug category and medication chronergy need to be further improved.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a gas chromatography(GC)method for determination of seven residual solvents in clofarabine.METHODS:The capillary column was AT-1301;the carrier gas was nitrogen gas and the detector was FID.By temperature programming was applied for the column temperature with an initial temperature of 40 ℃,which rose to 80 ℃ with an increase rate of 7 ℃?min-1,then rose to 200 ℃(kept at this temperature for 2 min)with the increase rate of 20 ℃?min-1.The injector temperature was 250 ℃ and the detector temperature was 280 ℃.The sample was injected directly for determination of residual levels of methanol,acetonitrile,dichlormethane,t-butyl alcohol,ethyl acetate,n-heptane and acetic acid in 3 batches of clofarabine.RESULTS:All the organic solvents were effectively separated and they showed good linearity within a concentration range(r=0.999 41～0.999 93)with average recovery rate ranged from 96.5% to 102.4%(RSDs of all were less than 4.0%).7 kinds of organic solvents in 3 batches of samples were all up to the standard specified in Chinese Pharmacopeia.CONCLUSION:The method is sensitive,accurate and reliable,and it is applicable for the determination of the residual solvents in clofarabine.

AIM: To study the quality standard on catechu and its extract. METHODS: HPLC was used to determine the contents of (+) Catechin and (-) Epicatechin in catechu and its extract; UV spectrophotometry was applied to determine the contents of active tannic acid in catechu and its extract. RESULT: The contents of catechin and epicatechin are 19.4 and 4.36g/100g in catechu, respectively, and catechin and epicatechin are 48.39 and 3.94g/100g in its extract respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is accurate and reproducible, providing the basis for quality control of catechu and its extract.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the promotion of work efficiency of PIVAS.METHODS:The theory of bat-ch processing of PIVAS in our hospital was interpreted and its effect and problems were analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Batch processing principal of background decision and foreground adjustment were adopted to allocate workload of different periods scientifically and improve working efficiency.Some problems existed in processing period require improvement of batch processing.

OBJECTIVE:To explore how to strengthen self-protection of chemotherapy drug dispensing staff in PIVAS.METHODS:The protective equipment of PIVAS,caution of drug dispensing and solution for emergency were introduced.The way of strengthening self-protection of staff in PIVAS was explored.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Standardized operation procedures and clean operation environment are of great significance for the enhancement of professional protection of drug dispensing staff.

OBJECTIVE:To promote the safety and effectiveness of clinical medication.METHODS:In drug dispension process,operation procedure was carried out strictly and different dispensing methods were adopted according to the characteristics of drugs.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Dispensing guidelines for common injection,insoluble drug and chemotherapy drugs were summarized and improved to promote quality of intravenous drugs dispension.

Objective To evaluate the current status of intestinal nematode infection in Shanghai and make recommendations for further control activities Methods Retrospective review of the control program was made based on the change of nematode prevalence in Shanghai area since the 1950s, and challenges under the current situation were analysed. Results The intervention measures included chemotherapy, health education, sanitary disposal of human excreta and safe water supply. With the control strategy, socio\|economical development and the change of farming patterns, the prevalence of intestinal nematode infection in population was reduced by 88\^5%, from 62\^6% in 1955 to 8\^2% in 2000. Among them, ascaris infection decreased by 89\^0%, from 52\^1% to 6\^3%, hookworm infection decreased by 99\^0%, from 12\^9% to 0\^1%, but pinworm infection was still as high as 18\^9% in 1999. Conclusion Prevalence of nematode infection in Shanghai was considerably reduced. To match it with the current socio\|economical development in the Municipality, however, more needs to be done. Sustainable control activities and surveillance are recommended.

Adult stem cells from skeletal muscle cells were induced to differentiate into cardiocytes to see if stem cells from another different but histologically-comparable tissues can differentiate to the target cells. Skeletal muscles-derived stem cells (MDSCs) were isolated from adult skeleton muscle tissues by differential adhesion, and immunocytochemically identified by using Sca-1. In order to induce the proliferation but not differentiation of MDSCs, the cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/F12 (DMEM/F12) supplemented with 1:50 B27, 20 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), 20 ng/mL epidermal growth factor (EGF) in a suspension for 6 days. Then these stem cells were treated with 5 mumol/L 5-azacytidine for 24 h in an adherence culture. The characteristics of induced cells were examined by immunocytochemistry, quantitative real time RT-PCR and morphological observation of cell phenotype. Our results showed that the appearance of some cells gradually changed from spindle-shape into polygonal or short-column-shape. Some of these post-treated cells could contract spontaneously and rhythmically. The expression of GATA-4 and cTnT was increased 1 and 2 week(s) after the treatment. And about 16.6% of post-treated cells were cTnT-positive. Therefore, we are led to conclude that skeletal muscle-derived stem cells could differentiate into cardiocyte-like cells, which exhibited some characteristics of cardiocytes.

OBJECTIVE:To survey the dosage range,clinical effect and safety of hypertonic sodium chloride hydroxylethyl starch 40 injection(HSS40) on anti-hemorrhagic shock METHODS:The changes of blood pressure and laboratory examination indices were detected after HSS40 was infused into the patients who suffered from hemorrhagic shock RESULTS:HSS40 could rapidly raise the blood pressure in a dose below 500ml and the effective rate could reach 100% In part of patients,the levels of serum Cl- and Na+ increased temporarily and restored after 24 hours CONCLUSION:HSS40 was safe and effective in doses of 80ml～500ml The clinical doses of 300ml～500ml are recommended

Objective To report operative course and relative complications in a group of patients who underwent Excessive Pressure Regulation System (Ex-PRESS) glaucoma shunt implantation in the real world,and discuss the ralated factors and possible interventions in clinical practice.Methods Preferred Ex-PRESS glaucoma shunt implantation were performed on 11 eyes with deverse types of glaucoma.Operative course and relative complications were analyzed from recorded tapes and documents.The correlations between complications,types of glaucoma,and previous procedures were analyzed,the complications were appropriately managed.Results 11 patients with diverse types of glaucoma who underwent Ex-PRESS glaucoma shunt implantation were recruited for the study.Among them,2 patients had combined phacoemulcification surgery,1 patient had repeat shunt implantation.During the procedure,1 patient had dislocated shunt into anterior chamber;1 patient had shunt entirely inserted into anterior chamber with plunger.4 patients had hypotony and flat anterior chamber,2 of them had hyphema,2 experienced subchoroid detachment.1 patient had intraocular lens pupil clamping after combined cataract and glaucoma surgery;4 cases had flat filtering blebs and uncontrolled intraocular pressure during the follow-up period,2 of them had blocked drainage and proliferative anterior synechia around the head,which was found in the patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma who had previous operation history.The common long-term complication was external ostium occlusion (4/11).The complications of drainage are related to the type of glaucoma and the history of operation.Conclusions Other than the complications which present commonly in trabeculectomy procedure,there were some complications related to the Ex-PRESS glaucoma shunt.History of ocular surgery,surgical techniques and the type of disease were associated with the incidence of complications.