In order to research developmental competence of transgenic somatic cell by serial nuclear transplantation, goat cloned embryos were compared with recloned embryos in ability of in vitro development. Fetal fibroblasts including human finger-domain lacking t-PA gene was microinjected into cytoplasm of the MII oocytes. Goat embryos (G0) were cloned by this procedure. A single blastomere from 16 - 64-cell goat cloned embryos (G0) was microinjected into Intracytoplasm of the MII oocytes. Goat embryos (G) were cloned by this procedure. Goat embryos (G2, G3) were recloned by using 16 - 64-cell recloned embryos. The developmental time of donor embryo affected the developmental rate of recloned embryos (G1, G2). The results show: the cleavage rate of cloned embryos (G0) (76.45% +/- 1.17%) was no difference significantly with recloned embryos (G1 G2 G3) (72.18% +/- 1.97%, 76.05% +/- 2.38%, 75.99% +/- 2.84%); the developmental rate of morulae and blastocysts of cloned embryos (47.20% +/- 2.93%, 11.00% +/- 1.42%) were higher than these of recloned embryos(34.99% +/- 2.66%, 28.23% +/- 2.00%, 23.34% +/- 1.99%) (3.87% +/- 0.67%, 2.08% +/- 1.66%, 0); the morulae rate(29.57% +/- 1.53%, 24.43% +/- 1.87%) and blastocysts rate(1.96% +/- 1.31%, 2.01% +/- 1.34%) of recloned embryos (G1 G2) from 16-cell recloned embryos were lower than those(34.32% +/- 1.31%, 29.76% +/- 1.66% and 3.86% +/- 1.03%, 3.48% +/- 0.34% )from 32 - 64-cell recloned embryos (P > 0.05). In conclusion, nuclear transfer embryos should not were recloned mostly; and the embryos recloned by using 32 - 64-cell embryos achieved higher developmental ability compared with using 16-cell embryos.
Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Blastomeres ; cytology ; physiology ; Cloning, Organism ; methods ; veterinary ; Embryo Culture Techniques ; Embryo, Mammalian ; cytology ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; Gene Deletion ; Goats ; Humans ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; veterinary ; Oocytes ; cytology ; physiology ; Pregnancy ; RING Finger Domains ; genetics ; physiology ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator ; genetics ; metabolism

The aim of this paper was to investigate the flavonoids of callus of transgenic and non-transgenic Saussurea involucrate and its antitumor activity on the esophageal cancer CaEs-17 cells. The species and content of mono-phenols were detected by high performance liquid chromatography. The growth of human esophageal cancer CaEs-17 cells was detected using CCK-8 assay, apoptosis morphology observation and flow cytometry. Expression of related apoptotic genes Bax and Bcl-2 were determined by qPCR. The results showed that the content of total flavonoids in the transgenic callus was 2.72 times that of the non-transgenic callus. The cyanidin-galactoside was detected in the transgenic callus, but not in the non-transgenic callus. The inhibitory effect of the extracts from the transgenic callus on CaEs-17 cells was more significant than that of the non-transgenic callus, and the IC₅₀ value had a decreased of 26.4%. Flow cytometry analysis results showed that the apoptosis induction effect of the extracts from the transgenic callus on CaEs-17 cells was significantly better than that of the non-transgenic callus. Fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis results showed that the extracts from the transgenic callus could up-regulate the expression of proapoptotic gene Bax and down-regulate the expression of apoptotic gene Bcl-2, and the regulation effect of the transgenic callus was more significant. Therefore, compared with the non-transgenic callus, the antitumor activity of the extracts from the callus of transgenic S. involucrate on the esophageal cancer CaEs-17 cells was significantly increased, which was closely related to the accumulation of cyanidin-galactoside and its metabolism-related flavonoid compounds in the transgenic callus.
Apoptosis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Flavonoids ; Humans ; Phenols ; Plant Extracts ; Saussurea

OBJEC TIVE To investigate the status and clinical characteristics of adverse drug reactions （ADRs）induced by sintilimab in order to provide references for clinical rational drug use. METHODS The cases of ADR induced by sintilimab were retrieved from the databases of PubMed ，Embase，CNKI，VIP and Wanfang. RESULTS A total of 32 literature were included ， involving 33 patients among which there were 25 males（75.76％）and 8 females（24.24％）. The incidence of ADRs was higher in patients aged over 40 years（81.82％）. The dose of sintilimab was the drug instructions recommended dose （200 mg）for 30 patients and 100 mg for a patient. The earliest ADR occurred 1 h after the first medication ，the latest ADR occurred after 14 cycles of sintilimab. The 27 cases suffered from ADR cases （81.82％）within 4 months after medication ，and no reports of ADR occurred after 12 months of medication. The major manifestations of ADR were myocarditis ，diabetes mellitus ，checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis（CIP），cytokine release syndrome （CRS）and hypothyroid myopathy （HM），etc. CRS and HM belonged to ADRs not recorded in the drug instructions. The 29 cases of recovery and 4 deaths occurred after symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSIONS ADR caused by sintilimab often occurs within 4 months after treatment ，and it is high in males and patients over 40 years old. In clinical application of sintilimab ，attention should be paid to the occurrence of myocarditis ，diabetes mellitus ，CIP，as well as CRS and HM not recorded in the drug instructions.

Objective: To analyze the trends on mortalities of all-cause and deaths caused by chronic and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among Chinese labor force population during 2007 to 2016. Methods: Data on cause-of-death that collected from the National Mortality Surveillance System was used to analyze the age and area-related specific crude mortality rates, age-standardized mortality rates and component ratios of NCDs, among the Chinese labor force population, during 2007 to 2016. Trend of crude mortality rates and mortality component ratios of the three major diseases (infectious diseases, maternal and infant diseases, nutritional deficiency diseases; NCDs; injuries) were analyzed. Age-standardized mortality of cancer, COPD, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were also analyzed by gender. Age-standardized mortality was calculated based on the Year 2010 Population Census of China. Joinpoint regression model was used to obtain annual percentage change and 95%CI was set for assessing the trend. Results: In 2016, the age-standardized all-cause mortality rate was 217.23 per 100 000 among the Chinese labor force population, but decreased by -2.8% (95%CI: -3.8%- -1.7%) annually from 2007 to 2016. The gap between different gender and regions gradually narrowed. The proportion of deaths caused by NCDs increased annually by 0.8% (95%CI: 0.7%-0.9%). The age-standardized mortality rate of NCDs appeared as 171.89/100 000, among the Chinese labor force population in 2016, showing a downward trend by -2.4% (95%CI:-3.3% - -1.4%). However, in females, there appeared the greatest decrease, with an average annual change of -3.3% (95%CI:-4.0% - -2.5%). Diseases as cancer, COPD, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases all showed downward trends in the whole country, with an average range of -2.0% (95%CI: -2.6%--1.3%), -8.0% (95%CI: -8.9% - -7.1%), -1.5% (95%CI: -2.9% - -0.1%), -2.3% (95%CI: -2.8% - -1.8%) in a ten-year period, respectively. Conclusion: All-cause and age-standardized mortality rates caused by NCDs among Chinese labor force population were decreasing during 2007 to 2016. However, the constituent ratios appeared increasing, year by year. Close attention needs to be paid on NCDs which affecting the health of the labor force population in China.
Cause of Death/trends* ; China ; Chronic Disease/epidemiology* ; Employment ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Mortality/trends* ; Noncommunicable Diseases/mortality*

In a real-world running of cancer screening programs or intervention strategies, multiple influencing factors need to be considered other than the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. The articles in this special issue summarize the main findings related to sustainability of cancer screening program in urban China from four perspectives of cancer screening service, including actual supplier, potential supplier, actual demander and potential demander. These evidences are expected to provide references for decision-making on suitable strategies and running mechanism for large-scale cancer screening program in local populations.
China ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Early Detection of Cancer/methods* ; Health Services Administration ; Humans ; Mass Screening/organization & administration* ; Neoplasms/prevention & control* ; Urban Population

OBJECTIVE To study the protective effect and mechanism of Shiyifang medicinal wine （SYF） on knee osteoarthritis（KOA）of rabbit induced by papain . METHODS Thirty-five rabbits were randomly divided into blank group ，model group，positive group （Diclofenac diethylamine emulsion 200 mg/kg），SYF high -dose group （386 mg/kg）and SYF low -dose group（97 mg/kg），with 7 rabbits in each group （all had 4 males and 3 females）. Except for the blank group ，the other groups ’ rabbits were injected 0.5 mL papain mixture （containing 2% papain and 0.03 mol/L L -cysteine）into the right knee cavity on day 1， 4 and 7，to replicate KOA model . Blank group was given constant volume of normal saline . From the 15th day ，drugs were applied to right hind knee joints of rabbits in each group ，twice a day for 20 days. At the same time ，the diameter of right knee joints of rabbits was measured by vernier calipers at day 0，8，14 and 35 to calculate swelling degree . After the experiment ，the levels of IL-1β，TNF-α and PGE 2 in synovial tissue were determined by enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay . Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to prepare the sections of synovial tissue ，and the pathological changes were observed . The relative mRNA expressions of TLR 4，MyD88 and NF - кB p 65 in the TLR 4/MyD88/NF- кB signaling pathway were detected by real -time quantitative polymerase chain reaction . The relative protein expressions of TLR 4，MyD88，NF-кB p 65 and p -NF-кB p 65 were detect by Western blot . RESULTS Compared with blank group，the degree of knee swelling could be increased in model group ，the pathological damage of synovial tissue was more serious ，and the levels of IL -1β，TNF-α and PGE 2 were increased significantly in synovial tissue （P＜0.05）. The relative expression levels of TLR 4，MyD88，NF-кB p 65 mRNAs and TLR 4，MyD88，p-NF-кB p 65 proteins were significantly increased（P＜0.05）. Compared with model group ，swelling degree of right hind knee and the pathological injury degree of synovial tissue were significantly improved in each treatment group ，while the levels of IL -1β，TNF-α and PGE 2 in synovial tissue were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. The relative mRNA expressions of TLR 4，MyD88 and NF -кB p 65 and relative protein expressions of TLR 4，MyD88（except for SYF low -dose group ）and p -NF-кB p 65 were all significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS SYF shows protective effect on KOA induced by papain ，the mechanism of which is associated with decreasing the levels of IL -1β，TNF-α and PGE 2 and down -regulating TLR 4/MyD88/NF-кB signaling pathway .

Objective: To investigate the second or third trimester pregnancy-related anxiety on small-for-gestational-age infants. Methods: This study was based on Ma'anshan Birth Cohort Study (MABC), with 3 040 maternal-singleton pairs finally selected for data analysis, from May 2013 to September 2014. The psychological state of pregnancy was evaluated according to a self-developed 'anxiety scale for gestation'. Small-for-gestational-age was defined as 'having birth weight below the 10(th) percentile at a particular gestational week', while large-for-gestational-age infants was defined as 'having birth weight above the 90(th) percentile'. Birth weight between the 10(th) and 90(th) percentile was classified as appropriate-for-gestational age infants. χ(2) test was used to compare the distribution of characteristics in pregnancy among three groups with different birth weights. Multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to evaluate the associations between third trimester pregnancy- related anxiety and birth weight. Results: The incidence rates of small- and large-gestational-age infants were 9.6% and 16.6%, respectively. Difference between women with only one of the second or third trimester pregnancy-related anxiety syndromes and small-for-gestational-age infants showed no statistical significance. Women with both second and third trimester pregnancy-related anxieties might increase the risk of small-for-gestational-age infants (OR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.04-1.87). However, there was no significant difference between pregnancy-related anxiety and large-for- gestational-age infants (OR=1.05, 95%CI: 0.81-1.35) noticed. Conclusion: Women with second and third trimester pregnancy-related anxiety appeared a risk factor for small-for-gestational-age infants.
Anxiety/psychology* ; Birth Weight ; China/epidemiology* ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Small for Gestational Age ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/psychology* ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third/psychology*

Chigger mites is a group of arthropods and some of them are vectors of scrub typhus. As a common synanthropic rodent species, the Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) often harbors lots of ectoparasites including chigger mites. According to some “data mining” strategies, the present study took the advantage of the abundant original data from a long-term field ecological investigation between 2001 and 2015 to make a detailed analysis of chigger mites on R. norvegicus in Yunnan Province, Southwest of China. From 18 of 33 investigated counties, only 1414 chigger mites were collected from 1113 Brown rats with relatively low infestations. The 1414 individual chigger mites were identified as comprising 61 species, 11 genera and 2 subfamilies of the family Trombiculidae with a high species diversity (S=61, H’=3.13). Of 61 mite species, there were four main species, Walchia ewingi, Ascoschoengastia indica, W. koi and A. rattinorvegici, which accounted for 44.41% of the total mites. All the chigger mites were of aggregated distribution among different individuals of R. norvegicus. The Brown rats in the outdoor habitats harbored much more individuals and species of chigger mites with a higher mean abundance (MA=1.46) and mean intensity (MI=12.53) than in the indoor habitats (P<0.05). The overall infestation of the rats was significantly higher in the mountainous landscapes than in the flatland landscapes (P<0.001). The species similarity (Css) of the mites on the male and female rats reached 64.44% with sex biased infestations. The male rats harbored more species and individuals of the mites than the female rats. The adult rats harbored more species and individuals of the mites than the juvenile rats. The species abundance distribution of the mites was successfully fitted by Preston’s lognormal model with S ^ (R)=15e–[0.31(R–1)]2 (α=0.31, R2=0.95). On the basis of fitting the theoretical curve by Preston’s model, the total mite species on R. norvegicus was estimated to be 86 species, and 25 rare mite species were missed in the sampling field investigation. The curve tendency of the species-plot relationship indicates that R. norvegicus have a great potential to harbor many species of chigger mites, and more species of the mites would be collected if more rats are sampled.

Aedes ; virology ; Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Multigene Family ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; Zika Virus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Zika Virus Infection ; epidemiology ; virology