Doctors operated 29 patients (35 eyes) with cicatricial entropion of eyelid, among them there are 15 eyes (42.85%) with complication of burn; 14 eyes (40%) with complication of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and 6 eyes (17.15%) with recurrent entropion. The follow-up ranged from 1-6 months. Results: of the 35 eyes operated, 27 eyes (77.14%) were successfully treated (the eyelid was corrected); only 1 eye (5.72%) needed a repeat operation. This study indicated that mucous membrane graft is an effective treatment for patient with cicatricial entropion of eyelid. But, these are the first results. Further studies are necessary to confirm the long time effectiveness of method.
Eyelids ; Entropion ; surgery ; therapeutics

During 1996-1997, the Pediatric Dep. of the Institute of Opthamology operated the recession of the levator muscle for the treatment of upper eyelid retraction. All 10 patients experienced the moderate retraction (2-4 mm). There was no intraoperative complication. The postoperative complication comprised relapsed retraction (3), relapsed eyelid prolapsed and eyelid fold was bigger than normal (8).
Muscles ; Eyelids ; surgery

The anatomy of Korean eyelid is different from that of Caucasians. The cosmetic or reconstructive eyelid surgery is also different from that of Caucasians. Cosmetic eyelid surgery is one of the most popular forms of aesthetic surgery of the Korean face. For proper cosmetic eyelid surgery, plastic surgeon must to master the anatomy of eyelid of Koreans. The eyelids are complex specialized facial adaptations designed to protect, moisten, and clean the ocular surfaces. These components are modified by structures as skin, orbicularis oculi muscle, orbital septum and fat, levator palpebral superioris, Muller muscle, tarsal plate and conjunctiva. All of the complex structures of upper eyelid are morphologically and functionally connected with each other. And it is very important to understand these connections to perform the plastic surgery. However, it is difficult to find references an books that mentioned precise anatomy of Koreans. To get good result in cosmetic eyelid surgery in Koreans, we must have deep, precise knowledge of anatomy in Korean eyelid. We hope that this article offer to better understanding of complex eyelid anatomy and helpful to plastic surgeon for cosmetic eyelid surgery in Korean eyelid.
Conjunctiva ; Eyelids* ; Hope ; Orbit ; Skin ; Surgery, Plastic

OBJECTIVETo explore the reasonable therapeutic strategy for different types of epicanthus.

METHODSPatients with epicanthus were classificated according to the shape, extent and inner canthal distance and treated with different methods appropriately. Modified asymmetric Z plasty with two curve method was used in lower eyelid type epicanthus, inner canthus type epicanthus and severe upper eyelid type epicanthus. Moderate upper epicanthus underwent '-' shape method. Mild Upper epicanthus in two conditions which underwent nasal augumentation and double eyelid formation with normal inner canthal distance need no correction surgery. The other mild epicanthus underwent '-' shape method.

RESULTSA total of 66 cases underwent the classification and the appropriate treatment. All wounds healed well. During 3 to 12 months follow-up period, all epicanthus were corrected completely with natural contour and unconspicuous scars. All patients were satisfied with the results.

CONCLUSIONSClassification of epicanthus hosed on the shape, extent and inner canthal distance and correction with appropriate methods is a reasonable therapeutic strategy.

Blepharoplasty ; methods ; Cicatrix ; Eyelids ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Humans ; Nose ; surgery

Digital imaging is emerging as a standard method for patient documentation in clinical setting. Managing patient expectations before aesthetic surgery can greatly improve patient satisfaction after surgery. The patient who visited for plastic surgery wants a predicted figure after the operation. A virtual plastic surgery software is necessary in order to satisfy the desire of patients. Adobe Photoshop(R) is the professional standard in desktop digital imaging, offers indispensable new features for graphic and web design, photography, and video. Using imaging technology, it takes just minutes to realistically simulate the results of double eyelid operation, liposuction, rhinoplasty or any other aesthetic procedure. The aim of this study is to analyze the significance of the digital image processing and to introduce the virtual plastic surgery using Adobe Photoshop(R).
Eyelids ; Humans ; Lipectomy ; Patient Satisfaction ; Photography ; Rhinoplasty ; Surgery, Plastic*

BACKGROUND: The transposition flap is one of the most useful methods of facial reconstruction after Mohs micrographic surgery of the basal cell carcinoma, but occasionally some variations are needed. OBJECTIVE: We present our experience with several variations of the transposition flap to overcome the disadvantages of classic rhomboid flaps. METHODS: We performed the Webster 30-degree angle flap on the lower eyelid, the double 30-degree angle flap on the temple area and the nasolabial flap on the ala nasi. RESULTS: These variations of the transposition flap gave no complications such as ectropion, tissue distortion, protrusion, or trapdoor deformity. CONCLUSION: The variations of the transposition flap in our cases might be of help in selecting the ideal method in facial reconstruction.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Ectropion ; Eyelids ; Methods ; Mohs Surgery*

e double eyelid operation is one of the most common aesthetic operation in Korea. The non-incision method have advantage such as decreased swelling, faster recovery and so forth. However difficulties arise in case of excessively fatty upper eyelids. The authors have devised a method for use with the fatty upper eyelid. Through the partial incision, orbital fat was removed and the double fold was made with the continuous buried suture technique. This technique was performed in 215 cases in 462 total double eyelid operation in Metro Plastic Surgery Clinic from August 2000 to May 2002. We experienced satisfactory results in all cases except 1 case of asymmetry and 1 case of fold loss. The authors conclude that this method achieves a shorter operation time, less morbidity and better cosmetic results in fatty upper eyelids than the other incision methods.
Eyelids* ; Korea ; Orbit ; Surgery, Plastic ; Suture Techniques ; Sutures*

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the etiology mechanism and treatment of iatrogenic blepharoptosis after double eyelid surgery in Asia. METHODS: To extensively review the literature related to iatrogenic blepharoptosis after double eyelid surgery, and to summarize and analyze the related anatomical mechanism, existing treatment options, and indications. RESULTS: Iatrogenic blepharoptosis is a relatively common complication after double eyelid surgery, sometimes it is combined with other eyelid deformities such as sunken upper eyelid and wide double eyelid, which makes it difficult to repair. The etiology is mainly caused by improper adhesion of tissues and scars, improper removal of upper eyelid tissue, and injury of a link of levator muscle power system. Whether blepharoptosis occurs after double eyelid surgery by incision or suture, it should be repaired by incision. The principles of repair include surgical loosening of tissue adhesion, anatomical reduction, and repair of damaged tissues. The key is to use surrounding tissues or transplanted fat to prevent adhesion. CONCLUSION When repairing iatrogenic blepharoptosis clinically, appropriate surgical methods should be selected based on the causes and severity of the blepharoptosis, combined with treatment principles, in order to achieve better repair results.
Humans ; Blepharoptosis/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Retrospective Studies ; Blepharoplasty/methods* ; Eyelids/surgery* ; Iatrogenic Disease ; Oculomotor Muscles/surgery*

OBJECTIVETo introduce the experience in the treatment of lower eyelid pouches orbital rim.

METHODSAn incision was made along the margin of lower eyelid and dissection was performed under the orbicularis muscle to expose the orbital septum and periosteum of lower orbital rim. The fat released from orbital septum was transposed just below the lower orbital rim and fixed on the periosteum. If lacrimal groove deformity was not corrected completely, the musculocutaneous flap, which may be excised beside the incision, was kept to correct the deformities further with only the muscle portion.

RESULTS72 cases with lower eyelid pouches complicated with lacrimal groove deformities were treated with transposition of orbital fat and orbicularis muscular flaps. Satisfactory results were achieved in all the patients after a follow-up period of 3-6 months.

CONCLUSIONIt is an effective and feasible technique to correct lacrimal groove deformities with transposition of orbital fat and orbicularis muscular flaps.

Adipose Tissue ; transplantation ; Aged ; Blepharoplasty ; methods ; Eyelids ; surgery ; Humans ; Orbit ; Periosteum ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the technique and therapeutic effect for correction of sunken eyes combined with ptosis.

METHODSIn order to adjust the levator muscle tension and the relationship between levator aponeurosis and tarsus plate, multiple individualized treatment was selected, including levator aponeurosis restoration, levator aponeurosis plication, or shorten, or combination. Then the orbital fat was transferred to the depressed area, or autologous fat particles were collected and injected into the depressed area within the orbital fat fascia. After the orbital septum fascia was restored, the incision was closed primarily.

RESULTS15 cases (30 eyes) were treated. 11 cases were followed up for 6-40 months (average, 9.5 months) with satisfactory cosmetic and functional result. No recurrence of ptosis happened.

CONCLUSIONSOne-stage correction of sunken eyes combined with ptosis can be achieved with autologous fat injection or orbital fat transposition. Good cosmetic and functional result can be achieved.

Adipose Tissue ; transplantation ; Aged ; Blepharoplasty ; methods ; Blepharoptosis ; surgery ; Eyelids ; Fasciotomy ; Humans ; Oculomotor Muscles ; surgery ; Orbit